Objective To provide suggestions for the safety management of printing inks and the establishment of food safety standard for food contact materials.Methods The laws,regulations and directives related to printing inks from different countries were collected and the differences among different management models were analyzed and compared.Results The safety management models of European Union,Switzerland,Germany,US and Japan were generalized and their experiences in the management measures of printing inks were summarized.Conclusion Safety standard of printing inks for food contact materials should be established on the basis of industry status and the various safety risks of different inks.Management experiences of other countries should be considered and the participation of industry associations should be encouraged.

BackgroundAdenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from lacrimal gland epithelium with high recurrence rate and mortality because of its invasiveness. Although surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used clinically,the curative effect is not enough satisfied. ObjectiveThis study was to provide an experimental basis for clinical application of 125 Ⅰ seeds interstitial brachytherapy. MethodsHuman ACC-2 cell links were transplanted subcutaneously in the back of 30 SPF BALB/C nude mice to establish the ACC model,and 25 of these mice with suitable sizes of tumor were selected and randomly divided into the G1 (0. 4 mCi 125 Ⅰ ), G2 (0. 6 mCi 125 Ⅰ ) ,G3(0. 8mCi 125 Ⅰ ) ,and G4( 1.0mCi 125 Ⅰ ) groups according to the different therapeutic radioactivity treatments,with 5 nude mice for each group,and a 125 Ⅰ seed without radioactivity was used in 5 mice as the control group. The dimensions of the tumors were measured at 2-day intervals and the inhibition rates of tumors were calculated. Nude mice were killed 14 days later by the broken neck method,and the amount of apoptosis and necrosis as well as the maximum effective radius of tumor to 125Ⅰseed were detected under the transmission electron microscope and routine pathological examination. ResultsFourteen day after operation, the dimension of tumors was (3713.19±243.23)mm3 in the G0 group;while in the G1 ,G2 ,G3 and G4 groups,the dimensions of tumors were (3113.35±316.54) mm3,(2635.85±261.21) mm3, (2538.37±312.16) mm3 and(1686.28±231.65) mm3,respectively, showing a significant decrease in comparison with the Go group( P＜0. 05 ). The tumor inhibitory rates in the G1 ,G2,G3 and G4 group were(20. 11±3.09)％, (36. 18±2.54)％ ,(40. 83±4. 17)％ ,and(66. 63±5.34)％ ,with an obvious elevation with the increase in the dose of 125 Ⅰ ( F=120. 240,P=0. 000). Correlative analysis showed that the intensity of radioactivity from 125Ⅰhad a positive correlation with tumor inhibitory rate (r =0. 653,P =0. 008 ). The maximum effective radius were ( 5.2 ±0.5 ) mm, ( 6.4 ±0. 7 ) mm, ( 7.4 ±0.4 ) mm, and ( 8.2 ±0. 5 ) mm in the G1 ,G2, G3 and G4 groups, with the considerable differences among them (F=29. 22, P=0. 000). Radioactivity of 125 Ⅰ exhibited positive correlation with the maximum effective radius ( r =0. 609, P =0. 004). Conclusions125 Ⅰseed implantation brachytherapy can inhibit the growth of the transplanted ACC in BALB/C nude mice by suppressing the proliferation of tumor cells. It is a safe ,feasible and effective method to treat adenoid cystic carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, epidemiological studies have found that the saturation of transferring or the increased level of serum ferritin are associated with the attacks of cancer, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson disease, liver disease and the diseases of immune system. Therefore, it is suggested that the intake of excessive iron may cause adverse influence on the healthy of human body.OBJECTIVE: To establish high-iron model in mice by using full-rate diet pellets by adding regular quantitative intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran, and observe the iron levels in vivo and the changes of organ coefficients.DESIGN: A comparative observation.SETTING: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Southern Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Southern Medical University in May 2006. Forty Kunming mice of SPF grade, 20 males and 20 females, weighing 18-22 g, were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Southern Medical University. The mice were randomly divided into control group (n =10) and high-iron model group (n =30) by introperitoneal injection of saline and iron dextran respectively, and the latter group was subdivided into low, middle and high-dosage groups (6.25, 12.5 and 25 g/L) respectively, 10 mice in each group. Full-rate diet pellets (iron content was 370 mg/kg)were purchased from the Animal Experimental Center of Southern Medical University. Iron dextran reagent (norm: 2 mL containing 50 mg iron) was the product of Zhejiang Ruian Pharmaceutical Factory (certification number: H33021758).The kits of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and maldondialdehyde (MDA) were provided by the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute.METHODS: Mice in each group were raised in plastic stainless steel cages respectively at (23±3) ℃, and they were free to the access of food and deionized water. Mice in the low, middle and high-dosage group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran once every other day, 0.8 mL for each time, whereas iron dextran was replaced by saline in the control group, all the mice were treated for 6 weeks, and their nutritionol conditions were observed. All the mice were killed at the end of the 6th week. The iron contents in organs of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, and serum were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer and automatic biochemical analyzer respectively; Pathohistological examination of organs were performed; The organ coefficients of liver and spleen were calculated; MDA content and SOD activity in serum were determined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: General conditions of mice in each group; Iron contents in organs and iron concentration in serum; Organ coefficients of liver and spleen; MDA content and SOD activity in serum; Pathological changes.RESULTS: In the high-iron model group, the body figures of the mice were changed, body masses were obviously decreased. The iron contents in organs and serum of mice in the high-iron model group were all obviously increased as compared with those in the control group (t =5.841, P ＜ 0.01), the organ coefficients of liver and spleen were also markedly increased (t =5.841, P ＜ 0.01), which were all in a dosage-dependent manner. The MDA content in serum was obviously increased (t =5.841, P ＜ 0.01) whereas the SOD activity was obviously decreased (t =12.924, P ＜ 0.01) as compared with those in the control group. The pathohistological examination under light microscope showed that there were pathological damages of different degree occurred in the tissue and cells and cell degeneration was observed,which affected the normal physiological function of cells.CONCLUSION: High-iron mice models can be successfully established by the intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran.The storage of excessive iron in vivo will result in the organic damages.

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the highest incidence nutritional-deficiency diseases all over the world; especially infants and children are the main group. IDA presently becomes one of the most important nutritional problems to be solved.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of chocolate carrier and orange juice on recovery of IDA model rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Laboratory of Nutrient and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Nutri ent and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health And Tropiacal Medicine, Southern Medical University from March to June 2006. A total of 60 healthy SD rats of clean grade were provided by Animal Center of Southern Medical University (certification: 2002-009 2005A047). METHODS: ① Establishment of IDA models: Among them, 20 rats of half genders were randomly selected toregard as control group, and other 40 were regarded as model group. Rats in control group were fed with rou tinefeed and drank freely. Rats in model group were fed with AOAC-modi fied low-dosage iron feeds to establish IDA models by blooding at caudal vein. Three weeks later, average concentration of ferrohemoglobin in model group was decreased to about 90 g/L, and this suggested that model estab lishment was successful. Ten rats of half genders in each group were ran domly sacrificed. Pre-experiment and 3 weeks of post-experiment, rats were weighed to measure concentration of ferrohemoglobin with hemoglobin cyanide (HiCN) technique, red blood cell count (RBC, direct method), serum iron (microparticle chemiluminescent immunoassa y and related kit) and concentration of serum transferrin receptor (STFR, ELISA method and related kit). ② Recovery test: Other 10 rats in control group were regarded as normal control group, and they were fed with routine feed and drank freely. The rest 30 rats of half genders in model group were randomly di vided into 3 subgroups: model control group, FeSO4 group and chocolate & orange juice group with 10 in each group. Rats in model control group were perfused with distilled water everyday; rats in FeSO4 group were per fused with FeSO4, and rats in chocolate & orange juice group were per fused with chocolate carrier and orange juice. The iron volume in the last two groups was 6 mg/(kg·d). At 40 days after intervention, the experiment was stopped. Concentration of ferrohemoglobin, RBC, serum iron, concentration of STFR and activity of plasma-protein aconitase were measured with atom-trapping atomic-absorption spectrophotometry; meanwhile, biological utilization rate of chocolate carrier & orange juice was calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Contents of herrohemoglobin, RBC,serum iron and STFR before experiment and after modeling; ② contents of ferrohemoglobin, RBC, serum iron, STFR and activity of plasma-protein aconitase before recovery test and at 40 days after experiment; ③ Related biological utilization rate.RESULTS: All 60 rats were involved in the final analysis without any loss. ① Comparison of blood index after modelling: Content of ferrohemoglobin, RBC and content of serum iron were lower in model group than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01), but content of STFR was higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.01). ② Comparison of blood index and activity of plasma-protein aconitase in liver before recovery test and at 40 days after experiment: At 40 days after intervention, concentration of ferrohemoglobin,RBC and content of serum iron were higher in FeSO4 group and chocolate & orange juice group than those in model control group (P＜ 0.01); however, content of STFR was lower than that in model control group (P ＜ 0.01).At 40 days after intervention, activity of plasma-protein aconitase in FeSO4 group and chocolate & orange juice group was higher than those before recovery test (P ＜ 0.01). ③ Related biological utilization rate of chocolate carrier plus orange juice: Biological utilization rate of FeSO4 was regarded as 100%, and biological utilization rate of chocolate carrier plus orange juice was increased remarkably (106.7%).CONCLUSION: Chocolate carrier plus orange juice can improve IDA function and wildly use on treating IDA because of its good absorption. It is characterized by well biological utilization rate and good taste; therefore,it is a hot topic for trophology and foods produce presently.

Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) aims to efficiently generate collections of small molecules with diverse appendages, functional groups, stereochemistry and skeletons, thus yielding diverse biological activities capable of modulating a wide variety of biological processes. In this review, we discussed the common strategies employed in DOS with specific examples from recent literature, including reagent-based approach, substrate-based approach, build-couple-pair strategy and privileged substructure-based DOS. The application of some DOS libraries in drug discovery is also presented.
Drug Design ; Drug Discovery ; Small Molecule Libraries

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopy versus mini-incision surgery for the treatment of avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).Methods From March 2001 to September 2009,84 patients with acute displaced avulsion fracture of the tibial PCL attachment were treated operatively in our department.Thirty-five patients were treated with arthroscopic reduction and suture fixation (Group 1); 49 patients were treated with open reduction through a mini-incision and internal fixation with cannulated screw(s) and washer(s) (Group 2).There were 27 males and 8 females in group 1,with a mean age of 29.6 ± 5.6 years old,and 40 males and 9 females in group 2,with a mean age of 32.2 ± 7.6 years old.Based on the Meyers & Mckeever classification,there were 24 type Ⅱ fractures and 11 type Ⅲ fractures in group 1,and 31 type Ⅱ fractures and 18 type Ⅲ fractures in group 2.The 2 groups were compared in terms of range of motion,posterior drawer test (PDT),Lysholm score,International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) grading,and clinical results.Results All the patients obtained an average follow-up of 21.5 months (range,13 to 34 months).Primary union was achieved in all the fractures 3 months postoperatively.There were no significant differences between group 1 and group 2 regarding the PDT negative rate [82.9％ (29/35) versus 91.8％ (45/49)],the Lysholm score (95.1 ± 5.6 versus 96.1 ±4.7),therate ofIKDC grade A [88.6％ (31/35) versus91.8％ (45/49)],or the rate of normal range of motion [94.3％ (33/35) versus 93.9％ (46/49)] (P ＞ 0.05).On average,group 1 used significantly longer operative time (92.4 ± 15.9 minutes) than group 2 (53.8 ± 14.3 minutes).Conclusions Both arthroscopy and mini-incision surgery can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes in the treatment of PCL tibial avulsion fracture.Although the 2 methods make no significant differences in stability of the knee joint and clinical scores,mini-incision surgery can result in much shorter operative time and thus permit an early postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective To describe the arthroscopic reductions and fixation of tibial intercondylar eminence fracture with cannulated screws. Methods During February 2003 to September 2005, 40 patients were treated arthroscopically for fracture of the tibial intercondylar eminence. The average age was 29.5 years (11-58 years), with a mean follow-up time of 20.1 months(6-37 months). Among the 40 patients, there were 4 type Ⅱ fractures (10%), 24 type Ⅲ fractures (60%) and 12 type Ⅳ fractures (30%). The fragments were reduced and fixed with cannulated screws. All-arthroscopic technique was adopted in all cases. The hematoma and the fragment were debrided, and the bony fragment was reduced and temporarily fixed with 2-3 guide wires through the portal superomedial to the patella. Intra-operative X-ray was taken to prove the reduction. One or two cannulated screws were used to fix the fragment as the definite fixation. Results The fracture healed completely in all but 1 patient. Lachman test were negative in all patients postoperatively. The average postoperative KT-1000 manual maximum displacement(MMD) was 0.625 mm(?蛳1-2 mm) and average Lysholm score was 98.3 points(87-100 points). The range of motion was normal in 34 patients. Flexion deficit was found in 5 cases, but within 10?. Knee joint stiffness was found in 1 case with range of extension and flexion 0?-30?-45?. A secondary operation with arthroscopic release was performed. The range of extension and flexion was improved to 0?-10?-80? postoperatively. Mild anterior knee pains were found in 8 patients. For 4 young patients with open epiphysis, the cannulated screws were removed 10-12 weeks post operation. No growth disturbance was detected for these 4 patients at final follow-up. Conclusion Arthroscopic fixation of fracture of the tibial intercondylar eminence with cannulated screw is a simple, safe and effective procedure suitable for both children and adult patients.

Objective To present the preoperative planning protocol and surgical procedures of computerized navigation technique in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and the comparative study results of tibial and femoral bone tunnel positions between navigation and arthroscopy technique. Methods The proper placement of femoral and tibial tunnels were planned preoperatively in standard AP and lateral X-ray view. Intraoperative fluoroscopic images were taken and inputed into navigation computer system to form the virtual interactive working fields. After placement and registration, signals from patient trackers being fixed into distal femur and tibia respectively, and tool trackers being attached with ACL tibial and femoral guide, were identified and captured by the optic navigation camera and so, the navigation computer system could pursued the real-time position of the ACL guide tools and the virtual tunnel positions were projeted into the working fields to help precise placement of femoral and tibial tunnels. From December 2005 to April 2006, 46 patients underwent fluoroscopy assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Of them, 40 cases were evaluated with the postoperative X-ray lateral view to measure the placement of both femoral and tibial tunnels, and compared with the group of 40 cases of arthroscopy assisted ACL reconstruction in the same study period. Results For the navigation group, the average position of tibial tunnel was 45.35%?3.827% (37% to 53%) and 62.25%?5.610% (52% to 73%) for femoral tunnel. For the arthroscopic group, the average tunnel positions was 41.05%?6.008% (25% to 54%) for the tibia, and 56.62%?7.316% (46% to 77%) for the femur. With reduced SD, the average positions for both of the 2 tunnels in the navigation group were significantly more posterior than the arthroscopic group(P

Objective: To explore the relationship among adolescents’ ego identity,internet service preference and pathological internet use. Methods: A survey research method was adopted in which questionnaires were administered to 404 middle school students from Junior I to Senior Ⅱ city. Results: The relationship between ego-identity achievement and pathological internet use was significantly negative(r=-0.19,P

Objective To study the pathological features and clinical significance of sarcomatoid change of renal cell carcinoma. Methods The specimens of 16 cases of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma admitted to our hospital were reviewed, and stress of observation was put on the the morphology and the number of the sarcomatoid components, and then their relation with clinical course, staging, and prognosis was retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 16 cases of renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid transformation, 9 cases were conventional clear cell carcinoma, 3 cases were papillary renal cell carcinoma, 2 cases were chromophobic cell carcinoma, and 2 cases were collecting tubule carcinoma. In 9 cases the sarcomatoid elements were over 50% of total tumor area, while in the other 7 cases the sarcomatoid elements were less than 50%. The TNM stage among the 9 cases with more than 50% sarcomatoid elements were T2 (1/9), T3 and T4 (8/9). The TNM stage among the 7 with less than 50% sarcomatoid elements were T2 (4/7), T3 and T4 (3/7). The sarcomatoid area resembled malignant fibrous histiocytoma or fibrosarcoma. The average survival period of the patients was 19 months (8-154). Cases with over 50% sarcomatoid elements survived for 14 months in average, while the cases with less than 50% sarcomatoid area survived for 27 months in average. The difference was significant (P