Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzymes ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the effects of maternal deprivation on chronic stress?induced depression behavior and its characteristics in adult rats,and to evaluate the effects of maternal deprivation on the efficacy of escitalopram. Methods Newborn SD male rats were randomly divided into control ( C ) group,maternal deprivation (MD) group,chronic unpredictable stress (CUPS) group,maternal deprivation and chronic unpredictable stress ( MD+CUPS) group. Rats in control group received no experimental han?dling.Rats in MD group and MD+CUPS group received maternal deprivation from the lst day after birth for 14 days.Rats in CUPS group and MD+CUPS group received chronic unpredictable stress from 10 th weeks after birth for 28 days. Screened the rats with depression behaviors and treated them with escitalopram for 4 weeks. Results The incidence of anhedonia was significantly different among 4 groups (χ2=143.24, P<0.05). Pairwise comparison showed significant difference between any two groups (MD+CUPS group (75.76%) >CUPS group (40.98%) > MD group (17.11%) >C group (4.17%), P<0.0083). The incidence of behav?ioral despair was significantly different among 4 groups (χ2=70.34, P<0.05). Pairwise comparison showed the incidence of behavioral despair in MD+CUPS group (43.43%) and CUPS group (39.34%) were signifi?cantly higher than that in MD group (13.51%) and C group (3.33%),but no difference was observed be?tween MD+CUPS and CUPS group (P<0.0083) . The incidence of behavioral despair in MD group was signif?icant higher than that in C group. There was no significant efficacy of escitalopram on anhedonia and behav?ioral despair among 3 stressed models. However the recovery incidence from anhedonia (44/140) was significantly lower than that from behavioral despair (76/140) (χ2=14.93, P<0.05). Conclusion The maternal deprivation in?creases the stress sensitivity and the incidences of anhedonia in adult rats.The efficacy of escitalopram on behavioral despair is higher than that on anhedonia without influence from maternal deprivation.

Objective: To observe the influence of electroacupuncture with different frequencies on rats swimming endurance and sift out the optimal frequency parameter.Methods: Wistar rats were randomly allocated to control group, non-acupoint group and electroacupuncture with low frequency group (EA with 2 Hz group), electroacupuncture with medium frequency group (EA with 15 Hz group), and electroacupuncture with high frequency group (EA with 100 Hz group), acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) were punctured and rats load swimming time was used as an index, and the change of swimming endurance time before and after acupuncture was observed. Results: After electro-acupuncture, swimming time was increased in 15 Hz and 100 Hz groups respectively, with the significant differences between before and after acupuncture (P＜0.05). There was also a significant difference in the percentage of increase in swimming time between 15 Hz group and other groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion: It is suggested that electroacupuncture at acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) with a frequency of 15 Hz could enhance rats's swimming endurance, and 15 Hz might be an optimal frequency parameter during the electrical stimulation.

Objective To describe the clinical features of convulsive status epileptieus (CSE) in our hospital and to provide a basis for future CSE prevention and treatment. Methods Patients with CSE hospitalized from January 1996 to October 2007 were prospectively observed. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of prognosis. Results All 220 eases of CSE were prospeetively analyzed, a hundred and two patients(46.4%) originated from rural areas. The primary cause of CSE was central nervous system(CNS)infectian (72cases, 32.7%), followed by discontinuation or reduction of antiepileptie drugs (AEDs, 35 cases,15.5%). The median duration of CSE was 5 hours and median duration of seizures before treatment was 2 hours; both were longer in rural patients (7.0 and3.5 hours respectively) than in urban patients (3.0 and 2.0 hours, Z=-3.433,-1.558,both P<0.05). The fatality rate by the time of discharge was 15.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of CSE (χ2=20.941), a history of epilepsy (χ2=4.910), and respiratory depression (χ2=16.086) were independent predictors of CSE prognosis (allP<0.05) . Comparisons between these data of USA and Europe were made. Conclusions CSE occurs mostly in rural population and epilepsy patients. CNS infection and withdrawal or reduction of AEDs in patients with epilepsy were important triggers of CSE. Antiepileptic therapy for status epilepticus in China falls behind that in the European countries.

The article discusses how to innovate in the departmental rotation examination for the students practicing in hospital in the new time.It is important for the teacher to provide guidance to students and motivate them to take part in comprehensive training of competence actively so as to cultivate the high-level medical students adaptive to the modern society.

Humanistic spirit advocates the concern for human,and the medical value of people foremost.Now status quo of oral medical students' humanities concern is worrying.This paper aims to analyze the reason,and the best way to culture oral medical students' humanities concern is not only to have an aim of training medical professionals who have oral medical knowledge and skills,but also to look upon the education of medical humanistic spirit as important educative content,to improve teachers' humanities diathesis,to enhance the contact between medical students' and society or patients,to foster affection,to train skills,and to establish the good environment of humanities education.

Objective To study and evaluate the MRI findings and their diagnostic value for breast carcinoma.Methods Preoperative contrast-enhanced MR imaging and mammography were performed in 12 patients who underwent surgery and were histopathologically proved with breast carcinoma.MR imaging findings were compared with clearly mammography.Results Twenty-one breast lesions in 12 cases were detected with MR imaging.Seventeen of the twenty-one lesions were detected with mammography.Contrast-enhanced MR imaging was superior to mammography to demonstrate lesions in these dense breasts.It could clearly indicate the extension of posterior breast carcinoma into the pectoralis major muscle and the metastases of parasternal lymphatic node,while it was difficult to evaluate with mammography.The "rim enhancement sign" might be valuable to diagnose breast carcinoma.Conclusion The sensitivity and accuracy of MR imaging is superior to that of mammography.Contrast-enhanced imaging of the breast is helpful not only in early diagnosis of breast carcinoma but also in staging breast carcinoma and planning therapy.

Objective To observe the efficacy of Sorafenib in preventing and treating tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for patients with primary hepatic carcinoma beyond Milan criteria.Methods From March 2008 to June 2010,30 patients of liver transplantation with primary hepatic carcinoma exceeding Milan criteria were randomized into 2 groups,each group of 15 cases.Beginning one month posttransplantatoin patients in the experimental group received oral administration of Sorafenib (400 mg bid),while those in the control group received Capecitabine ( 1500 mg bid) for 14 days every 4 weeks.Drug was withdrawn in patients without recurrence in 18 months after transplantation,recurrent patients maintained the original dose until they were not suitable for the medication.Results The 1 year recurrence rate in experimental group was 53.3％,that in control group was 86.6％ ( x2 =3.968,P ＜ 0.05).The 1 year survival rate in experimental group was 93.3％,that in the control group was 46.6％( x2 =7.777,P ＜ 0.05 ).The mean survival time of patients in experimental group was (24.6 ± 1.7 ) months (7 - 28 months),that in the control group was ( 16.4 ± 2.7 ) months ( 5 - 34 months ) ( x2 =7.154,P ＜ 0.05).Most adverse reactions in both groups were of grade Ⅰ - Ⅱ.The incidence of diarrhea and handfoot syndrome in experimental group is higher than that in control group.Conclusions Using Sorafenib for patients with primary hepatic carcinoma exceeding Milan criteria after liver transplantation may reduce carcinoma recurrence rate,and prolong patients' survival time.

Objective To study the imaging characters and pathological diagnosis for space occupying lesions of the liver with atypical clinical and laboratory features.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and treatment of 40 patients with space occupying lesions of the liver in which preoperative correct diagnosis was difficult,the imageological appearances and the final pathological diagnosis of these 40 space occupying lesions were compared,the specificity of B-ultrasonotomography、dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MR scanning in identifying lesions was evaluated.Results All lesions were surgically resected.On pathology there were 22 hepatocellular carcinomas,7 macroregenerative nodules,2 focal nodular hyperplasias,2 cholangiocellular carcinomas,2 hemangiomas,2 regenerative nodules and 1 hepatocellular adenoma,1 hepatic peliosis,1 antixenic nodule.The specificity of the Bultrasonotomography for all lesions was only 20%;dynamic contrast-enhanced CT has low specificity in differential diagnosis of liver carcinoma and macroregenerative nodule and the overall specificity was 42.5%;dynamic contrast-enhanced MR scanning has excellent capability in differential diagnosing of all lesions and its specificity was 92.5%.Conclusion The preoperative diagnosis for some space occupying lesions of the liver is difficult,the differential diagnosis of these lesions should be emphasized,the dynamic contrastenhanced MR scanning for space occupying lesions of the liver has high specificity.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are generally associated with respiratory and enteric infections and have long been recognized as important pathogens of livestock and companion animals. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a widely studied model system for Coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. In this study, we created a MHV-A59 temperature sensitive (ts) mutant Wu"-ts18(cd) using the recombinant vaccinia reverse genetics system. Virus replication assay in 17C1-1 cells showed the plaque phenotype and replication characterization of constructed Wu"-ts18(cd) were indistinguishable from the reported ts mutant Wu"-ts 18. Then we cultured the ts mutant Wu"-ts 18(cd) at non-permissive temperature 39.5℃, which "forced" the ts recombinant virus to use second-site mutation to revert from a ts to a non-ts phenotype. Sequence analysis showed most of the revertants had the same single amino acid mutation at Nsp16 position 43. The single amino acid mutation at Nsp16 position 76 or position 130 could also revert the ts mutant Wu"-ts 18 (cd) to non-ts phenotype, an additional independent mutation in Nsp13 position 115 played an important role on plaque size. The results provided us with genetic information on the functional determinants of Nsp16. This allowed us to build up a more reasonable model of CoVs replication-transcription complex.