Objective To investigate the expression pattern of tropomyosin receptor kinase(Trk)after focal cerebral ischemia in rat,and to explore the relationship between ischemia and the pattern of Trk expression. Methods(The model) of focal cerebral ischemia was built by middle cerebral artery occlusion.Immunocytochemistry staining was used to observe the dynamic changes of Trk expression at different time of acute stage of ischemia,and the patterns at different regions of the striate and hippocampal were detected. Results Trk immuno-positive neurons widely expressed in the normal brain.The number of Trk immuno-positive neurons was decreased abruptly in the necrosis core of the focal cerebral of ischemia,while increased obviously in the penumbra region and the DG area after 6 h of occlusion(P

Neurotrophic factor activates signal pathways of intracellular phosphoinositide 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase after acting on Trk receptor tyrosine kinase.It promotes the survival and differentiation of neurons.The development of small molecule Trk agonists of non-peptides and neurotrophic factor simulants can avoid a number of shortcomings of neurotrophic factors while agitating trk receptor signal transduction.It may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of nervous system diseases.

The property of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium is warm and the taste is spicy, which can be used as food as well as medicine. Its alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activity and have good prospects for development in medicine and food. The resources of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium in China are abundant, and the intensive research on its active ingredients can promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial economy. This article reviewed the research status of extraction, content determination and physiological activity of alkaloids from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, in order to provide references for efficient use of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium.

As medicine and food plants, the market demand of Zamthoxyli Pericarpium is extensive, and the sanshool in Zamthoxyli Pericarpium is getting attention gradually. However, because of the low content and not establishing rating evaluation method for sanshool and lack of standards, the research on substance basis and physiological activity is necessary. This article reviewed the extraction, separation, purification and biological activities of sanshoolin Zamthoxyli Pericarpium in recent years to provide development and utilization of Zamthoxyli Pericarpium.

Objective To study the effect of Sinisan on the ultra structure of hippo-campus to the intervention in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Methods SD rats were divided equally into 5 groups,each group had ten rats:blank control group,model group,negative control group,positive control group and experimental group.The blank control group did not copy the model,the normal feeding.Model group,repetitive post-traumatic stress disorder model was induced by current stimulation,but not treated.Negative control group,equal volume of 0.9％ NaC1.Positive control group (paroxetine hydrochloride 0.42 mg · mL-1) and experimentalgroup (Sinisan,containing crude drug 0.24 g · mL-1).It given to drugs 1 h before the model establishment.The rats were administered with 10 mL · kg-1,once a day,for a total of 7 d.In each group,rats was cardiac perfusion and the hippo-campus tissue was collected.The changes of ultra structure of CA1 and CA3 area in hippo-campus with rats were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results In the blank control group,the CA1 and CA3 neurons in the hippocampus were rich in cytoplasmic organelles,and the mitochondria were round or long,the structure of the mitochondrial cristae was clear,the rough endoplasmic reticulum was like a cord like distribution,and the ribosome was abundant.Compared with the blank control group,the organelle of CA1 and CA3 area in hippo-campus of the model group were significantly damaged,the cytoplasm was open,the mitochondria were swollen,the mitochondrial membrane and cristae disappeared,and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was dilated.The results showed that the damage of the organelles in the hippocampal neurons of rats was induced by the electric shock.The model group was similar to the negative control group,which indicated that there was no significant effect on the stress of rats after intragastric administration.The intracellular organelles in the CA1 and CA3 neurons in the hippocampus of the positive control group and the experimental group were significantly recovered,and the changes in the two groups were similar.These results suggest that both paroxetine hydrochloride and Sinisan can significantly improve the structure of CA1 and CA3 neurons in the hippocampus of PTSD rats.Conclusion Snisan as traditional Chinese medicine compound can significantly improve the hippocampus of rats with PTSD CA1 and CA3 neurons.

Objective To study on intervene function of Sinisan with the ultra structure of hippo-campus in rats with sleep disorder induced by post traumatic stress disorder.Methods Fifty SD rats were divided equally into five groups:blank control group,model group,negative control group,positive control group and experimental group.The control blank group did not copy the model,do not receive drugs,the normal feeding.Model group,repetitive post-traumatic stress disorder model was induced by current stimulation,but not receive drugs.Negative control group,equal volume of 0.9％ NaCl.Positive control group (paroxetine hydrochloride 0.42 mg ·mL-1) and experimental group (Sinisan,containing crude drug 0.24 g · mL-1).It given to drugs 1 h before the model establishment.The rats were administered with 10 mL · kg-1,once a day,for a total of 7 d.The changes of ultra structure of CA1 and CA3 area in hippo-campus with rats were observed by transmission electronmicroscope.Results In the blank control group,the hippocampal neurons were clearly defined,and the synaptic space was obvious in the CA1 and CA3 area.Compared with the blank control group,in the model group,the synaptic structure of hippocampal neurons was significantly changed,the synaptic vesicles were reduced and the synaptic structure was not clear in the CA1 and CA3 area.Compared with the model group,the negative control group was same too,which indicated that there was no significant stress effect on the rats after intragastric administration of saline.Compared with the negative control group,positive control group and experimental group hippocampal neurons synapse structure was restored,and the two groups were similar in the CA1 and CA3 area.Conclusion Transmission electronmicroscope was used to study the ultra structure of CA1 and CA3 in rats hippo-campus with characteristic difference.

Objective To study the effects of sleep latency to the intervention of Sinisan in rats with post-traumatic stress and sleep disorder (PTSD).Methods Fifty SD rats were divided equally into 5 groups:sham operation group,model group,negative control group group,positive control group and experimental group.PTSD model was made by claustrophobia,but not in sham operation group.The model group was not given the drug,the negative control group was given equal volume 0.9％ NaC1,and the positive control group was given paroxetine hydrochloride 0.42 mg · mL-1.The experimental group was perfused with the decoction of Sinisan (containing 0.24 g · mL-1) 10 mL · kg-1.The drug was administered 1 h before the stress model was administered once a day for a total of 7 d.After intervention on the 7th day,nonrapid eye movements sleep (NREMS) and eye movements sleep (REMS) were detected.Results The REMS and NREMS of sham operation group and model group were respectively (8.66 ± 3.04),(23.27 t 10.15) min;(65.90 ± 25.08),(109.36 ± 43.43) min,the differences between groups were statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.01);the result suggest that difficulty in falling asleep appears in rats after modeling.The REMS and NREMS of the positive control group and the experimental group were respectively (8.17 ±2.29),(6.83 ±2.84) min;(162.29 ±46.19),(195.24 ±67.96) min.Comparison between the drugs groups and model group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01).These Results suggested that both paroxetine hydrochloride and Sinisan can significantly promote the sleep of rats.Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine compound Sinisan can obviously promote the rats with sleep disorder caused by PTSD.

Objective To study the influence of Sinisan on hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neuron spatiotemporal characteristics in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Methods SD rats were divided into five groups:normal group,blank group,model group,control group,experimental group.Except for normal group and blank group,the rats in other groups were stimulated by the current stimulation plus dark claustrophobic method to replicate the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) model.The blank group and model group were given 0.9％ NaCl 10 mL · kg-1 at 1 h before making the model.The control group and experimental group was given paroxetine hydrochloride 0.42 mg · mL-1 and Sinisan(containing crude drug 0.24 g · mL-1) by intragastric administration,respectively.The model replicated 7 d,and each electric shock was 30 min every morning and afternoon.The neural coding on amplitude in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 were detected by the M-NEMEA after administration,and the spectral density spectrum was obtained from Neuro explorer neural data analysis software.Results The power spectral densities of CA1 and CA3 in hippocampus of rats were determined,they were (-109.08 ± 15.41) and (-108.46 ± 13.16)dB in normal group,(-110.17 ± 14.30)and (-109.54 ± 14.16)dB in blank group,and the differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the blank group,the power spectral densities of hippocampus in the model group decreased significantly,which were (-117.39 ± 14.97),(-122.51 ± 16.42) dB,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the power spectral densities of the experimental group in hippocampus were significantly higher (P＜0.01),which were (-110.83 ±11.40),(-110.36 ±10.87)dB.Conclusion The Sinisanhas significant positive effect on hippocampal neuron signal intensity.

Objective To study the function mechanism of the Sinisan on hippocampal neuron discharge amplitude in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep disorder.Methods Fifty SD rats were divided into blank group,model group,negative control group,positive control group and experimental group.The blank group did not copy the model,did not receive treatment,the normal feeding.The repetitive post-traumatic stress disorder model was induced by current stimulation in model group,but not treated.Negative control group was given equal volume of 0.9％ NaC1.Positive control group was given paroxetine hydrochloride 0.42 mg · mL-1 and experimental group was given Sinisan,containing crude drug 0.24 g · mL-1.The rats were administered with 10 mL · kg-1,once a day,for 7 d.Theneural coding on amplitude in hippocampal CA1/CA3 were detected by M-NEMEA after the treatment.Results The amplitude of the wave amplitude in model group were 63.73 ± 5.80,63.24 ± 6.29,significantly lower than those of negative control group,which were 90.95 ± 5.94,91.16 ± 8.18 (P ＜ 0.01).And the wave amplitude in positive control group were 87.12 ± 8.14,87.21 ± 7.94,and were 91.63 ± 7.30,91.39 ± 7.64 in experimental group,had significant difference with those in model group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The Sinisan have significant positive effect on hippocampal neuron discharge amplitude.

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Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Plant Roots ; Rats ; Spleen