OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical characteristic of broanchopulmonary Candida infection in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).METHODS To analyze retrospectively 50 broanchopulmonary Candida infection patients with AECOPD.RESULTS From fungal infections the Candida infection occupied 56.82%.The risk factors were included: using long-term antibiotic,hypoproteinem,mechanical ventilation and complicated with diabetes or cardiovascular diseases.There were Candida albicans(56.52%),C.tropicalis(20.29%),C.parapsilosis(14.49%) and C.krasei(8.69%),after getting the microbiology result by bronchoalveolar lavage under fibrobronchocope,cultivating deep part sputum,brushing biopsy on broncho mucous membrane,lung biopsy,and cultivating blood and pleural effusion,and to think highly of preempting treatment and using medicine by fungi category and cultivating result.CONCLUSIONS The Candidia are the main pathogens in AECOPD;it is better using the local and systemic medicines in combination.

The matrix metalloproteinases(MMP) are important enzymes that regulate developmental processes,maintain normal physiology in adulthood and have reparative roles in specific stages after an insult to the nervous system.Conversely,the concordant presence and significant up-regulation of several MMP members in virtually all neurological conditions result in pathological lesions.Thus,the MMPs have double functions,capable of mediating repair and recovery on the one hand and being involved in producing injury on the other.This article highlights the beneficial roles of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in normal and reparative processes within the nervous system and discusses the detriments of both encountered in spinal cord injury and central nervous system cancers,and we also review the availability of MMP inhibitors for clinical use.

Objective To observe the changes of serum interleukin and T lymphocyte subsets levels in patients with gallstones before and after treatment. Methods 72 patients with gallstones were treated as research subjects and 30 cases with normal physical examination as the control group,the serum interleukin and T lymphocyte subsets levels of observation group were detected before and after surgery. Results The preoperative serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels of observation group were(61.5 ±4. 8) ng/L, (246. 2 ±15.3)ng/L and(1.79 ±0.72)mg/L respectively which were significantly higher than postoperative and control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0. 05 ) , while there was no significant difference between postoperative and normal control group ( P ＞ 0.05); The preoperative CD3+ , CD4+ and CD8+ T cells ratio of observation group were (0. 53 ± 0. 06) % , (0. 28 ±0.05)% and(0.21±0.04)% respectively which were significantly higher than postoperative and control group,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05) , while there was no significant difference between postoperative and normal control group(P＞0.05). Conclusion Patients with gallstone had obvious abnormal serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α,CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD8+ T cells levels,surgery could not only eliminate inflammation,but also help the recovery of immune function in patients.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of vitamin B12 combined with mouse nerve growth factor in the treatment of neurogenic tinnitus. METHODS:270 patients with neurogenic tinnitus were randomly divided into control group 1, control group 2 and observation group. Control group 1 was treated with Vitamin B12 injection 25 μg by intramuscular injection, once a day;control group 2 was treated with mouse nerve growth factor 18 μg adding into 2 ml water for injection for dissolution, once a day;observation group was treated with Vitamin B12 injection 25 μg(the usage was the same as control group 1)+mouse nerve growth factor 18 μg(the usage was the same as control group 2). 6 d was a treatment course,and it lasted 2 courses. Clinical efficacy,and sleep SPIEGEL score and incidence of adverse reactions before and after treatment in 3 groups were observed. RE-SULTS:Total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group 1 and control group 2,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);however,there was no significant difference between control group 1 and control group 2 (P>0.05). After treatment,sleep SPIEGEL score in 3 groups was significantly higher than before,and observation group was high-er than control group 1 and control group 2,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);however,there was no signifi-cant difference between control group 1 and control group 2(P>0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Vitamin B12 combined with mouse nerve growth factor has better efficacy than only vitamin B12 or mouse nerve growth factor in the treatment of neurogenic tinnitus,with good safety.

AIM: To study the distribution, location and quantity of myocardial collagen(Col) in different phases after myocardial infarction(MI). METHODS: The method of immunohistochemical technique combined with automatic image analysis was used to investigate the changes of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ. RESULTS:Contents of Col Ⅰ, Col Ⅲ and the ratio of Ⅰ/Ⅲ were all increased in infarcted area (IA)after MI,and the increase of Col Ⅰ was higher, the collagen fibers still construct a network in acute phase, in chronic stage, all necrosis myocytes were replaced by collagen, the fibers were dense, and paralelled with cardiac cavity surface.In the septum,noninfarcted area, contents of collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅲ, the ratio of Ⅰ/Ⅲ were increased.In acute phase, the increase of type Ⅲ is dominant,with in chronic phase, type Ⅰ is. Right ventricle(RV) has no significant change in acute phase,untill chronic phase,it changed like septum,the increase in collgen is mainly type Ⅰ. CONCLUSION: The collgen remodeled after myocardial infarction were reparative fibrosis in IA phase, and reactive fibrosis in NIA phase. Remodeling occured later in RV than in septum.

Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion can cause delayed neuronal death in rodents,such as Mongolian gerbils and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRSP),which are used as an experimental stroke model.The protective effects of antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin E,green tea extract,ginkgo biloba extract,resveratrol,niacin and isoflavones in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion brain injury were reviewed.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Function Tests ; methods ; Liver Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; Preoperative Care

Objective To construct and express fusion toxin human IL15 mutant/TNF? mutant (hIL15M/TNF?M) in order to develop a targeted toxin capable of eliminating abnormal cells expressing high levels of hIL15 receptors. Methods DNA fragments of truncated hIL15M and TNF?M coding gene were joined in frame and cloned into T7 expression vector pET16b. The expressed fusion protein was purified from E. coli . Cytotoxicity of hIL15M/TNF?M was measured by MTT assay. Results E. coli transformed with the recombinant plasmid expressed an extra band with the expected size of 30?10 3. MTT assay indicated that PHA activated T cells were 13 times more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of hIL15M/TNF?M than to the resting T cells. Conclusion hIL15M/TNF?M has high toxic effect against cells expressing high levels of IL15 receptors, suggesting that hIL15M/TNF?M has potential therapeutic effect on T cell leukemia and other diseases related with improperly activated T cells.

Objective To explore the problems which have occurred in the basal living nursing for severe in-bed patients, and then map out the countermeasures. Methods Using retrospective study analyzed the condition of basal living nursing for severe in-bed patients from 2003 to 2004, and then summarized the existed problems, mapped out the countermeasures and using them in the course of future nursing. Compare the quality of nursing before and after using these new nursing methods. Results The quality of nursing and the contentment ratio of patients when using new nursing method were significant higher than before, P

Objective To estimate the fatality rate of SARS so as to provide data for the evaluation of patient care. Methods Based on the clinical features of the death cases of SARS, the average period between the time of clinical diagnosis and the time of death was determined and a method of estimation, which was lagged in time, was thus developed. Differences in the fatality rates of SARS across the world as well as the patterns of the differences were discussed using Chi-square and trend Chi-square tests. Results The fatality rate of SARS in Beijing, which presented a progressively downward tendency, was 7.2% by June 5, 2003, ranking relatively high among the SARS-hit zones in China. Conclusion Certain achievements have been attained in the clinical treatment of SARS cases, and yet more efforts need to be exerted. It is estimated that the eventual fatality rate of SARS in Beijing will be around 8%.