Objective To develop a nursing pathway outlined the reasonable timing for care of paraplegia patients at rehabilitation stage. Methods Literature and patient records were reviewed to draw up a clinical nursing pathway. It was modified and finalized after 2 rounds of Delphi's expert-consultation. Results and Conclusion The draft was responded by 100% of the experts, with a specialist authoritative coefficient of 0.87. The text for the clinical nursing pathway was then completed.

Scavenger receptor B type Ⅰ (SR-BI) is a HDL receptor which fivst identified at molecular level. It can mediate the metabolism of cholesterol and other lipids between HDL and cells, involving in intestinal absorption of cholesterol, and mediate outflow of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to promote the selective uptake of cholesterol by the liver and transfer in liver cells, and then secrete cholesterol into the bile through the bile duct side of the membrane. This process can affect cholesterol levels in bile. In this review,we discuss the process of SR-BI-mediated cholesterol metabolism.

Objective To explore the value of MRI sequence and MRA for diagnosis of moyamoya disease(MMD).Methods Retrospective analysed of 1 8 cases of moyamoya disease clinical datas,1 8 cases were used routine head MRI scan,including T1 WI, T2WI,DWI,transverse and sagittal T2WI sequence FLAIR;MRA three dimensional time of flight(3D-TOF).Results 18 cases of patients with MRA showed bilateral internal carotid artery,anterior cerebral artery distal and proximal middle cerebral artery steno-sis or occlusion of signs.Among them,1 1 cases were found with secondary cerebral infarction,3 cases of cerebral hemorrhage,7 ca-ses of centrum semiovale,corona radiata and periventricular cerebral ischemia,4 cases of cerebral atrophy,8 cases of cerebral soften-ing and gliosis.Conclusion MRI and MRA examination have important value in the diagnosis of moyamoya disease,treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economics of Yindan xintai dropping pills in the treatment of angina pectoris caused by coronary heart disease from societal perspectives. METHODS:Therapy regimens related to Yindan xintai dropping pills and con-trol regimens were selected from published literatures included in database,and the cost of therapy regimens and clinical effect data were extracted from literatures. Contingent evaluation method was used to measure people's willingness-to-pay for angina pectoris treatments. An econometric model was conducted to transfer the effectiveness data to benefit data. The economics of treatment was evaluated depending upon net benefit or incremental net benefit indicator. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:When Yindan xintai drop-ping pills is used alone,its net benefit is >0,indicating economical advantage;56 d therapy regimen is better than 28 d therapy. When Yindan xintai dropping pills were combined with glyceryl trinitrate tablet,Isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release tablet, Simvastatin dispersible tablet and other drugs,its incremental net benefit is better than control regimens and has good economics.

AIM: To develop a method for optimizing of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of paeoniflorin. METHODS: On the basis of one-factor test and the Box-Behnken central-composite design response surface with 3 factors and 3 levels was adopted. A second order quadratic equation for SFE of paeoniflorin was built. Response surface and contour were graphed with the extraction rate of paeoniflorin as the response value. Based on the analysis of the response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots,the effects of extraction pressure,extraction temperature,and methanol concentration were explored. RESULTS: By using the new method discussed above, the optimum extraction condition was obtained as follows: 18. 9 MPa extraction pressure,extraction cosolvent temperature 59. 9 ℃,68. 5% methanol was chosen as cosolvent with the flow rate of 0. 4 mL/min,and extraction time 60 min. CONCLUSION: Under the optimized condition,extraction rate of paeoniflorin on theoretical value is 7. 85 mg/g.

The pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) remains unclear.Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is currently the only drug approved by the Food and Drag Administration for the treatment of PBC,but some patients have a poor response to UDCA.New therapies can be considered for these patients.This article reviews the advances in drugs for PBC,including 6or-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid,fibrates,budesonide,and biological agents,and points out that these drugs bring new hope for PBC patients,but large-scale clinical studies are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness,safety,predictability and stability of a new posterior chamber implantable collamer lens with central hole to correct myopia.Methods 111 eyes of 58 patients were evaluated,including uncorrected (UCVA) and best corrected (BCVA) visual acuities,spherical equivalent(SE),cylindrical equivalent(CE),contrast sensitivity,intraocular pressure evaluated preoperatively.75 eyes of 41 patients were implanted with ICL V4c(ICL group) while 36 eyes of 21 patients were implanted with Toric ICL V4c(TICL group).Postoperative observation and adverse events were evaluated over 3 months follow-up.Results 3 months after surgery,the mean UCVA in ICL group was 1.0 or better in 58.67%.The UCVA of 61 eyes (95.31%) was more than BCVA before operation.The mean SE was (-0.26±1.16) D,66.67% of 50 eyes were within ±0.50 D.The safety and efficacy indices were 1.37 and 1.31,respectively.The mean UCVA in TICL group was 1.0 or better in 86.11%.The UCVA of 32 eyes (96.97%) was more than BCVA before operation.The mean SE was (0.08±0.84) D,63.89% of 23 eyes were within ±0.50 D.And the mean CE was (-0.34±0.54) D,66.67% of 24 eyes were within±0.50D.The safety and efficacy indices were 1.32 and 1.30,respectively.The postoperative contrast sensitivity values in two groups were found significantly higher than those of the preoperative eyes.The IOP remained stable over time.Conclusion Implantation of the posterior chamber ICL with a central hole is effective,safe,predictable,and stable for the correction of high myopia.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of mouse nerve growth factor combined with ganglioside in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS:A total of 150 HIE children in pediatric department of our hospital during Jan. 2013-Jan. 2015 were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table,with 75 cases in each group. Both groups received routine treatment as correcting hypotension,reducing intracranial pressure,etc. Con-trol group was additionally given Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside sodium injection 20 mg added into 10% Glucose injection 30-50 mL,ivgtt,qd. Observation group was additionally given Mouse nerve growth factor for injection 30 μg added into Water for injection 2 mL,im,qd,on the basis of control group. A treatment course lasted for 10 days,and both groups received 2 courses of treatment. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were compared as well as NBNA score,the levels of related lab test indexes (IL-10, TNF-α,SOD,NSE,VEGF) before and after treatment,the occurrence of ADR and sequela (following up to 1 year old). RE-SULTS:The response rate of observation group was 86.7%,which was significantly higher than 72.0% of control group,with sta-tistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in NBNA scores or related lab test index lev-els between 2 groups (P>0.05). On 4th,7th,10th day after treatment,NBNA scores of 2 groups were increased significantly, compared to before treatment;the observation group was significantly higher than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment,serum levels of IL-10,TNF-α,NSE and VEGF in 2 groups were decreased significantly,compared to before treatment,SOD levels were increased significantly,and the observation group was significantly better than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups during treatment. Totally 64 children in ob-servation group and 60 in control group completed follow-up. The total incidence of sequela in observation group was 10.9%, which was significantly lower than 25.0% of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:For neonatal HIE,mouse nerve growth factor combined with ganglioside can effectively relieve brain tissue inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress injury,accelerate the recovery of cerebral tissue and reduce the occurrence of sequela with good safety.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of childhood intracranial tumor.Methods The age and sex distribution,location of tumor,clinical manifestation,imaging examination and pathological examination,diagnosis and treatment of 98 children under 14 years old admitted into Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jun.2003 to Sep.2008 were analyzed.Results There were 63 male and 35 female in the study.The gender ratio(male to female) was 1.8:1.The age range was 4 months to 14 years old,75 cases(76.5%) visited a doctor in the course of disease from 1 to 90 days.The tumors of 60 cases(61.2%) were located in posterior cranial fossa,while 14 cases(14.3%) in cerebral hemisphere.The most common intracranial tumors were medulloblastom(30 cases,30.6%),astrocytic tumor(26 cases,26.5%),ependymal tumor(17 cases,17.3%),craniopharyngioma(10 cases,10.2%) and germ cell tumor(4 cases,4.1%).The main clinical manifestations were vomiting(61 cases,62.2%),headache(58 cases,59.2%),instability of gait or incoordination(38 cases,38.8%),29 cases(29.6%) of the tumors were misdiagnosed.Obstructive hydrencephalus was found in 78 cases(79.6%) by imaging examination,positive rate of tumor′s diagnosis was 95.9% and 100% by brain CT and MRI scaning,respectively.Conclusions Intracranial tumors in childhood are mostly located in posterior cranial fossa with atypical clinical manifestations and short course of diseases.It is common to be misdiagnosed at early stage.Brain CT and MRI examinations are helpful for early diagnosis,which should be considered for the children when unreasonable increased intracranial pressure and localizing neurological sings exist.

The protein expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated Cl(-) channel, in ovarian stimulated premature female rat ovary during a cycle of follicle development and corpus luteum formation was investigated. Animals were injected with 10 U pregnant Mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and subsequently 10 U hCG 48 h later. Time-dependent immunohistochemistry and Western blotting experiments were performed before and 24, 48, 72 h after hCG treatment. The immunohistochemistry revealed that administration of PMSG stimulated the CFTR expression in thecal cell layer and granulosa cell layer of mature follicles 48 h post injection, coincident with the PMSG-induced peak in follicular estradiol. However, the expression of CFTR in the granulose lutein cell layer and thecal lutein cell layer was time-dependently reduced following hCG injection, in accordance with the gradually increased progestogen level during luteum corpus formation. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that rat ovarian tissue expressed the special CFTR band at 170 kD. It is concluded that cAMP-dependent Cl(-) channels are involved in regulation of follicle development and luteum formation.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor/genetics ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor/*physiology ; Corpus Luteum/growth & development ; Ovarian Follicle/growth & development ; Ovary/*metabolism ; Rats, Wistar