Rifaximin as a representative of the non-absorbable antibiotics,has special effects and wide application prospects in treatments of acute intestinal tract infections,irritable bowel syndrome,inflammatory bowel disease,diverticulosis of colon,hepatic encephalopathy and so on.This paper reviews the advances on clinical efficacy and safety of rifaximin to provide reference for clinical use.

Objective To explore the relationship between restoring Gissane angle and prognosis in calcaneal fracture surgery. Methods Forty patients with single side calcaneal fracture (SandersⅡ-Ⅲ), Gissane angle changed more than 15°and having performed open reduction and internal fixation with steel plate were enrolled. In them, 25 patients (experimental group) recovered Gissane angle in surgery referencing the healthy side with X-rays. Another 15 patients (control group) didn't recover Gissane angle. The ratio of calcaneum height and length was measured at 1 week after surgery. At 6 and 12 months after surgery, the function were valued by Maryland score. Results The ratio of calcaneum height and length in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group:0.60± 0.04 vs. 0.55±0.05, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). All the patients were followed up. At 6 and 12 months after surgery, the Maryland score in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group:(88.9± 5.7) scores vs. (80.5±7.3) scores and (89.5 ±5.5) scores vs. (82.5 ±6.4) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions Restoring Gissane angle is benefitial for prognosis. So in calcaneal fracture surgery, the Gissane angle should be recovered as much as possible referencing the healthy side.

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety between trabeculectomy with collagen matrix versus trabeculectomy with mitomycin C(MMC) for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG).METHODS:In this prospective randomized comparative study from January 2015 to December 2016.Thirty-two eyes presented with POAG were included in this study, 14 eyes treated by trabeculectomy with subconjunctival implant of collagen matrix (study group) and the other 18 eyes treated by trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.Postoperative IOP, the success rate of operation, number of postoperative glaucoma medications and postoperative complications were recorded.Each patient was followed up at least 6mo.RESULTS:The mean postoperative IOP was statistically different between the study group and the control group after 1d (P<0.05), while not statistically different at 1 and 1mo follow-up (P>0.05), and the mean postoperative IOP was statistically different between the two groups (P<0.05) at 3 and 6mo after surgery.There was no significant difference in the success rate of operation between the two groups at 6mo after operation (P>0.05).The IOP decreased at 1d after openations compared with before, kept stable at 1wk to 6mo.IOP of study group was lowen than control.IOP was controlled by glaucoma medications in the study group by 28% compared to control group by 33% at 6mo after operation, but there was no significant difference.There was no significant difference between the study group and the control group in complications (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy with collagen matrix implant is comparable to the use of MMC with a similar success rate in open-angle glaucoma and the range in reducing intraocular pressure was significantly higher than that of MMC and it can significantly avoid the occurrence of low IOP postoperatively, transient anterior chamber, conjunctival wound leakage complications has no advantages compared with the use of MMC.

Objective To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Notch signaling pathway in injured podocytes induced by adriamycin (ADR) in vitro.Methods Podocytes cultured in vitro were randomly divided into normal group,model group,ATRA treatment control group,12-hour ATRA intervention group and 24-hour ATRA intervention group.Morphological changes were observed by using light microscope.The expressions of TGF-β1,podocin,Notch 1,Jagged 1 mRNA were evaluated through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the corresponding proteins were detected by using Western blot.Results (1) No obvious changes between normal group and ATRA treatment control group were revealed as the plump podocytes and distinct outline were found in light microscope,while podocytes in model group showed disordered arrangement,fuzzy boundary,atrophy,hypertrophy and increased cellular debris.Of note,the podocytes in 12-hour ATRA intervention group and 24-hour ATRA intervention group almost returned to normal.(2) In contrast with those in model group,the amounts of TGF-β1,Notchl,Jaggedl mRNA levels decreased in 12-hour ATRA intervention group (1.34 ±0.43 vs.4.16 ±0.31,1.67 ±0.2 vs.4.21 ±0.92,2.08 ±0.27 vs.5.14 ±0.63,q =23.83,11.45,19.67,all P ＜0.05) and 24-hour ATRA intervention group (1.22 ± 0.16 vs.4.16 ± 0.31,1.73 ± 0.53 vs.4.21 ± 0.92,2.08 ± 0.29 vs.5.14 ± 0.63,q =24.85,11.18,19.67,all P ＜ 0.05),and the differences were significant;similar trend was detected in the protein levels (1.04 ± 0.03 vs.4.31 ± 0.10,1.06 ± 0.04 vs.4.47 ± 0.24,1.07 ± 0.04 vs.4.20 ± 0.16,1.06 ±0.03 vs.4.31 ±0.10,1.07 ±0.03 vs.4.47 ±0.24,1.09 ±0.03 vs.4.20 ±0.16,q =163.50,69.61,90.36,162.50,69.40,89.78,all P ＜ 0.05),and the differences were significant;whereas the level of podocin mRNA (1.13 ±0.05 vs.0.40 ± 0.06,1.16 ± 0.03 vs.0.40 ± 0.06,q =36.50,38.00,all P ＜ 0.05) and protein (1.01 ± 0.01 vs.0.44 ±0.01,1.02 ±0.01 vs.0.44 ±0.01,q =180.25,183.41,all P ＜0.05) increased,and the differences were sig nificant.(3) The expressions of Notch1,Jagged1 mRNA were positively correlated with TGF-β1 mRNA (r =0.84,1.00,all P ＜ 0.05),but negatively correlated with podocin mRNA (r =-0.95,-0.94,all P ＜ 0.05) in model group.Conclusions ATRA might alleviate podocyte injury through cutting the expressions of TGF-β1,Notch1,Jagged1 and raising the expression of podocin in injured podocytes induced by ADR.

Objective To survey the epidemiological characteristics of adverse life events among secondary vocational nursing students and to investigate the relationship between adverse life events and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) so as to provide the basis for their psychological health intervention.Methods The cross-sectional survey method was adopted to conduct the questionnaire investigation among secondary vocational nursing students as the research subjects in Health School Attached to Shanghai Jiaotong University(SJTU) and Shanghai Municipal Nursing School.The EPIDATA3.1 software was used to input the data and conduct the logic error correction.The data were processed by the SAS 8.2 software.Results The average age of respondents was (17.00±0.88) years old,87 respondents(15.56%) were male and 472 respondents(84.44%) were female;in adverse life event,failure in the exam or unsatisfactory achievement had higher occurrence frequency(81.64%);the detection rate of PTSD was 5.53%,the difference in various factors of life events between positive PTSD and non-positive PTSD had statistical significance (P<0.01).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of PTSD were interpersonal relation factor (OR=2.93,95%CI=1.43-6.00),punishment factor (OR=3.91,95%CI=1.41-10.87) and adaptation factor (OR=4.12,95%CI=1.70-9.99).Conclusion The incidence rate of adverse life events in the secondary vocational school students is relatively high,increasing the psychological health should start in the aspects of alleviating the study burden,changing the teaching mode,increasing the interpersonal communication ability and elevating the social adaptability of secondary vocational nursing students.

AIM: To investigate the feasibility of establishment for chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) model in rats after allo-bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT), in order to provide premise conditions for further studying the immuno-regulation role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) on GVHD after allo-BMT. METHODS: This experiment was finished in Laboratory of Pathology and Pathophysiology in Sun Yat-sen University from April to September 2006.①Six-week-old male Fischer344 rats (RT1Al) were used as donors while six-week-old female Waster (RT1Au) rats were used as recipients.②Recipient rats were given water supplemented with gentamycin (320 mg/L) and erythromycin (250 mg/L) three days before BMT. On the day of transplantation, recipient rats received 8.0 Gy (60Co ?, 0.7 Gy/min) total body irradiation. Within 6 hours following the irradiation, recipient rats in BMT group were transplanted with 0.8?108 cells via tail vein injection, while rats in control group only received the same volume injection of phosphate buffer. Each group included 10 animals. Evaluation of common living status was monitored including daily diet, activity, stool and urine, fur and body mass. Shaved skin, liver and intestine tissues were also analyzed histologically. RESULTS: ①All rats in the control group died within 17 days following the irradiation and most of them died on day 11 or 12 post-transplantation, while BMT group had higher survival rate, in addition to three rats died on days 12, 16, 18 respectively, whereas others were all alive through 60 days expectation period.②Rats in the BMT group had no clear symptoms of acute GVHD, such as rapid weight loss and severe diarrhea, however, the weight growth in rats of the BMT group was quite slow. Furthermore, 1 month following BMT, depilation phenomenon was evident in the head and back of recipients, and then extended to abdominal part and extremity with the increase of time. Two months following BMT, skin follicular dropout and slight dermal mononuclear infiltration were found. Hepatic disease was characterized by portal tract lymphocyte infiltration, fibrous thickening and sclerosis of the bile duct wall. Small bowel specimens showed clear inflammatory cell infiltration (neutrophils, acidophils, macrophages) within lamina propria. CONCLUSION: ①The cGVHD model can be established through allo-BMT from F344 to Wistar rats.②The typical histological signs of cGVHD are evident in skin, liver and intestine tissues, among which hepatic sign is the most dominant including portal tract and bile duct mononuclear infiltration followed by fibrous thickening and sclerosis of the bile duct wall.

The fulfillment of the university's macro-policy lies in the teaching management at the departmental level, so it is essential to examine the status quo of departmental management and seek its rationalization and standardization. To restructure the managerial system, to bring to full play the academic management and to improve managers' competence prove to be the effective ways for enhancing the teaching management at the departmental level and the quality of education.

To meet with the need for culivating high-quality medical talents,the new teaching mode of problem-based learning (PBL) is attracting a lot of attention. Pathophysiology, which bridges basic medicine courses and clinical medicine courses,is more suitable for implementing PBL teaching mode. The teaching mode of incorporating case analysis is used into pathophysiology teaching by many ways is studied and an ideal result has been achieved.

Combining the reality of the exploration on humanistic quality education of medical students in our university in recent years,we propose that through setting up the system of "humanistic quality" as an elective course for the medical students,we project the pertinence and integrity of such education,and through strengthening the teaching administration of such elective courses and constructing the second classroom including background education and campus culture,we can further promote the humanistic quality education of medical students.

Objective To study the relationship between the cancer patients'right to know the true diagnosis and their satisfaction degree with nursing service. Methods We randomly selected 746 patients from the tumor center, the circulation department,the respiration department and surgery department.Questionnaires were designed according to patients'right to know the true diagnosis and the results were analyzed. Results Cancer patients who don't know the true diagnosis wanted to acquire the true information about their diseases but nurses were supposed to keep secret of the actual diagnosis.This contradiction led to the impediment of communication between patients andf nurses compared with other department(P<0.05). Conclusion The right to know their true diagnosis proved to be important for cancer patients in that it could increase the compliance of patients and promote communications so that patients would accept nursing service and the satisfaction degree with nursing service would improved.