Rifaximin as a representative of the non-absorbable antibiotics,has special effects and wide application prospects in treatments of acute intestinal tract infections,irritable bowel syndrome,inflammatory bowel disease,diverticulosis of colon,hepatic encephalopathy and so on.This paper reviews the advances on clinical efficacy and safety of rifaximin to provide reference for clinical use.

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety between trabeculectomy with collagen matrix versus trabeculectomy with mitomycin C(MMC) for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG).METHODS:In this prospective randomized comparative study from January 2015 to December 2016.Thirty-two eyes presented with POAG were included in this study, 14 eyes treated by trabeculectomy with subconjunctival implant of collagen matrix (study group) and the other 18 eyes treated by trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.Postoperative IOP, the success rate of operation, number of postoperative glaucoma medications and postoperative complications were recorded.Each patient was followed up at least 6mo.RESULTS:The mean postoperative IOP was statistically different between the study group and the control group after 1d (P<0.05), while not statistically different at 1 and 1mo follow-up (P>0.05), and the mean postoperative IOP was statistically different between the two groups (P<0.05) at 3 and 6mo after surgery.There was no significant difference in the success rate of operation between the two groups at 6mo after operation (P>0.05).The IOP decreased at 1d after openations compared with before, kept stable at 1wk to 6mo.IOP of study group was lowen than control.IOP was controlled by glaucoma medications in the study group by 28% compared to control group by 33% at 6mo after operation, but there was no significant difference.There was no significant difference between the study group and the control group in complications (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy with collagen matrix implant is comparable to the use of MMC with a similar success rate in open-angle glaucoma and the range in reducing intraocular pressure was significantly higher than that of MMC and it can significantly avoid the occurrence of low IOP postoperatively, transient anterior chamber, conjunctival wound leakage complications has no advantages compared with the use of MMC.

Objective To explore the relationship between restoring Gissane angle and prognosis in calcaneal fracture surgery. Methods Forty patients with single side calcaneal fracture (SandersⅡ-Ⅲ), Gissane angle changed more than 15°and having performed open reduction and internal fixation with steel plate were enrolled. In them, 25 patients (experimental group) recovered Gissane angle in surgery referencing the healthy side with X-rays. Another 15 patients (control group) didn't recover Gissane angle. The ratio of calcaneum height and length was measured at 1 week after surgery. At 6 and 12 months after surgery, the function were valued by Maryland score. Results The ratio of calcaneum height and length in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group:0.60± 0.04 vs. 0.55±0.05, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). All the patients were followed up. At 6 and 12 months after surgery, the Maryland score in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group:(88.9± 5.7) scores vs. (80.5±7.3) scores and (89.5 ±5.5) scores vs. (82.5 ±6.4) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions Restoring Gissane angle is benefitial for prognosis. So in calcaneal fracture surgery, the Gissane angle should be recovered as much as possible referencing the healthy side.

Objective To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Notch signaling pathway in injured podocytes induced by adriamycin (ADR) in vitro.Methods Podocytes cultured in vitro were randomly divided into normal group,model group,ATRA treatment control group,12-hour ATRA intervention group and 24-hour ATRA intervention group.Morphological changes were observed by using light microscope.The expressions of TGF-β1,podocin,Notch 1,Jagged 1 mRNA were evaluated through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the corresponding proteins were detected by using Western blot.Results (1) No obvious changes between normal group and ATRA treatment control group were revealed as the plump podocytes and distinct outline were found in light microscope,while podocytes in model group showed disordered arrangement,fuzzy boundary,atrophy,hypertrophy and increased cellular debris.Of note,the podocytes in 12-hour ATRA intervention group and 24-hour ATRA intervention group almost returned to normal.(2) In contrast with those in model group,the amounts of TGF-β1,Notchl,Jaggedl mRNA levels decreased in 12-hour ATRA intervention group (1.34 ±0.43 vs.4.16 ±0.31,1.67 ±0.2 vs.4.21 ±0.92,2.08 ±0.27 vs.5.14 ±0.63,q =23.83,11.45,19.67,all P ＜0.05) and 24-hour ATRA intervention group (1.22 ± 0.16 vs.4.16 ± 0.31,1.73 ± 0.53 vs.4.21 ± 0.92,2.08 ± 0.29 vs.5.14 ± 0.63,q =24.85,11.18,19.67,all P ＜ 0.05),and the differences were significant;similar trend was detected in the protein levels (1.04 ± 0.03 vs.4.31 ± 0.10,1.06 ± 0.04 vs.4.47 ± 0.24,1.07 ± 0.04 vs.4.20 ± 0.16,1.06 ±0.03 vs.4.31 ±0.10,1.07 ±0.03 vs.4.47 ±0.24,1.09 ±0.03 vs.4.20 ±0.16,q =163.50,69.61,90.36,162.50,69.40,89.78,all P ＜ 0.05),and the differences were significant;whereas the level of podocin mRNA (1.13 ±0.05 vs.0.40 ± 0.06,1.16 ± 0.03 vs.0.40 ± 0.06,q =36.50,38.00,all P ＜ 0.05) and protein (1.01 ± 0.01 vs.0.44 ±0.01,1.02 ±0.01 vs.0.44 ±0.01,q =180.25,183.41,all P ＜0.05) increased,and the differences were sig nificant.(3) The expressions of Notch1,Jagged1 mRNA were positively correlated with TGF-β1 mRNA (r =0.84,1.00,all P ＜ 0.05),but negatively correlated with podocin mRNA (r =-0.95,-0.94,all P ＜ 0.05) in model group.Conclusions ATRA might alleviate podocyte injury through cutting the expressions of TGF-β1,Notch1,Jagged1 and raising the expression of podocin in injured podocytes induced by ADR.

Objective: To explore the effect of case introduction and assessment approach of the team in strengthening the skills training of school nursing students. Methods:Selected 289 undergraduate nursing students from grade 2010 as experimental group, 281 students from grade 2010 as control group, the experimental group adopted case introduction and assessment approach of the team, the latter used the traditional assessment method, after the end of the training, two groups of students were operating examination and questionnaire survey. Results:The nursing students in the experimental group of operating examination results was better than the control group(P<0.05).The application of case introduction and assessment approach of the team can develop good teamwork spirit(86.30%), communication skills(71.85%), consciousness of active learning(81.11%), clinical decision-making(75.93%), and clinical adaptive-ability(87.04%). Conclusion:The model of case introduction and assessment approach of the team can improve the clinical comprehensive ability partly.

Objective:Breast cancer metastasis is a major cause of death. Lymphatic metastasis is one of the two main metastatic ways that is crucial to the metastasis process of breast cancer. To treat breast cancer metastasis, we prepared micelle-based drug carrier for lymphatic delivery. Methods:We used in vivo bioluminescence imaging for real-time dynamic monitoring of the inhibitory effect of polyethylene glycol phospholipid micelle encapsulating vinorelbine on breast cancer metastasis. Results: Compared with the free vinorelbine, vinorelbine-encapsulated micelles (NanoVin) showed a significantly enhanced anti-tumor activity both in primary and met-astatic tumors. Conclusion:Intravenous administration of NanoVin markedly prevented the metastasis of tumor cells through both he-matogenous and lymphatic systems. This study provides a new approach for treatment of metastatic tumors. Bioluminescence imaging is a powerful tool to dynamically monitor tumor metastasis and clinical therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs.

Objective To investigate the incidence and occurrence time of PICC-related upper extremity asymptomatic and symptomatic venous thrombosis in cancer patients;to explore the risk of asymptomatic venous thrombosis' developing into symptomatic venous thrombosis.Methods A total of 246 cancer patients who were scheduled to receive PICC between April and October 2014 were prospectively studied and divided into 2 groups by random digits table method.The time-phased follow-up observation on PICC cathertering cancer patients was conducted by Doppler ultrasound.The follow-up visiting inspection on the cathering upper limb vein by Doppler ultrasound at the 2nd,7th,14th,21st,28th,35th,42nd day were arranged after insertion of the catheter in experimental group (127 cases) to understand the incidence and occurrence time of asymptomatic venous thrombosis,while the control group (119 cases) were investigated for inspecting whether there were venous thrombosis through clinical symptoms or not.Once the clinical symptoms occurred,the incidence and time of occurrence of symptomatic venous thrombosis would be diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound and recorded.Results The incidence rate of asymptomatic thrombosis in the experimental group was 48.82％(62/127),the median time was 3 days,and there was no symptomatic thrombosis.Among them,85.48％(53/62) of the asymptomatic thrombosis occurred within 1 week,11.29％ (7/62) occurred in 2-3 weeks,and 3.23％ (2/62) occurred in 4-6 weeks after catheter insertion.Meanwhile,the incidence and median time of symptomatic thrombosis was 23.53％(28/119) and 12 days respectively in the control group.And 32.14％ (9/28) of these cases occurred within 1 week,50.00％ (14/28) occurred in 2-3 weeks,and 17.86％ (5/28) occurred in 4-6 weeks after catheter insertion.Conclusions The incidence of PICC-related upper extremity venous thrombosis in cancer patients is relatively high,and most cases have no symptoms and occur in an early time.Cancer patients are high-risk patients of venous thrombus.We should take early preventive intervention and treatment to reduce the incidence of venous thrombosis after catheter insertion.

Objective To study the effects of valsartan and triptergium glycosides on the abnormal expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) in rats with diabetic nephropathy. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,diabetic nephropathy group(DN group),diabetic nephropathy treated with valsartan group(VAL group) and diabetic nephropathy treated with triptergium glycosides group(TG group).Diabetic nephropathy model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ) in DN group,VAL group and TG group.The rats were sacrificed after 2,4,8 and 12 weeks.The body weight,blood glucose,renal function and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) were measured,and the expression of CTGFmRNA in kidney was detected by RT-PCR. Results Compared with control group,the levels of blood glucose,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine and UAER were significantly increased in DN group(P

Objective To explore the clinical nursing of hip developmental dislocation in infants with Ferguson operation.Method The nursing strategy was performed including observation of the surgical incision,skin care,care of cast and instructions to their parents. Result No pressure sores occurred in all the 34 cases of hip developmental dislocation.1 case had delayed allergy reaction because of use of contrast media during operation,1 cast syndrome,and 19 edema of perineum of different degrees including 6 severe edemata,which were cured using wet compress with Adlerika.Conclusion It is of great importance for the reduced incurrence of operation complications and promising operative effect to observe the conditions and treat timely problems in postoperative nursing.