Two types of elbow arthroplasties are used in current clinial practice:interpositional and implant arthroplasty.Interposition elbow arthroplasty neither completely eliminates pain nor restores full function.It may be indicated for young active patients with severe inflammatory or posttraumatic arthritis,especially those with limited elbow motion.Current implant arthroplasty has come a long way in the past three decades.Elbow implant survival data nearly approach those of knee arthroplasty.The majority of patients have significant improvement in function and marked pain relief after total elbow replacement.However,the complication rate is higher than that for total hip and knee arthroplasty,is likely inherent in the anatomic uniqueness of the elbow itself.Greater caution must be paid to prevention of the complications of total elbow replacement.This article reviews the types,indications,contraindications and results of elbow arthroplasty.

AIM: Respiratory tract cilia are difficult to harvest and observe due to weak transparence, which results from their location in thick mucosa, so people always try to obtain ciliated cells with many methods. This study was designed to apply manual microdissection to isolate ciliated cells from guinea pig's nasal epithelium and offer pure cells to further research. METHODS: The experiment was carried out at the Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery in Chinese PLA General Hospital from March of November in 2007. Twenty healthy white guinea pigs were recruited in this study. The ciliated cells layer was isolated from submucous layer by instruments for microsurgery under the light microscope. The isolated mucosa and untreated mucosa layer were stained with hematoxylin-eosin in order to verify the isolated layer is mucous ciliated cells layer. The protease-treated ciliated cells layer was viewed under low magnification microscope, to count number of single ciliated cells and impure cells, as well as size of ciliated cells group. The morphology of ciliated cells was observed under high magnification microscope. RESULTS: Result of hematoxylin-eosin stain confirmed that the cell layer by manual microdissection was ciliated cells and basal cell layer, which were thin without submucous layer. Under low magnification microscope after manual microdissection, the density of isolated ciliated cells was larger, number of single ciliated cells was more and size of ciliated cells group was smaller. There were about 7 ciliated cells in a cell group, and no other cells were observed. Under high magnification microscope, the isolated ciliated cells by manual microdissection were smooth, good in light refraction, and active for cilia beat. The survival time was prolonged obviously, still 50% cells were alive 24 hours later. Compared with conventional isolation technique, manual microdissection was significantly predominant in the purity and activity of cells (P

Objective To study the toxicity of fosthiazate feeding for 90 days in rats, and to determine the maximal non-effective dose of fosthiazate , in order to provide the reference dose for safety in production and chronic toxicity experiment.Methods A total of 80 SD rats ( half female and half male ) were randomly divided into 4 groups, respectively:0.8 mg/kg· bw· d group, 4.0 mg/kg· bw· d group, 20.0 mg/kg· bw· d group, and normal control group .The rats were sacrificed to determine the indices including serum biochemical parameters , body weight , routine urine test and organ coefficients after the end of the experiment , and the results were statistically analyzed .Results In the high dose group, the body weight gain was slowed in male and female rats .The TG and CHE in the high dose group of male rats and the TP, ALB, CREA, GLU, and CHE in the high dose group of female rats were significantly lower than those of normal control group.The ALP in the high dose group of female rats was higher than that of the normal control group .The positive rates of BIL, SG, and PRO in both male and female rats had significant differences compared with those of normal control group.The organ coefficients of brain , lung, kidney, adrenal, and testis of male rats, and the organ coefficients of brain , lung, and kidney of female rats in the high dose group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group .The ovaries and uterus in the female rats of high dose group were significantly lower than those of normal control group ( P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusions The oral dose of fosthiazate at 4.0 mg/kg· bw· d fed for 90 days and above cause toxic effects on rats , and its maximal non-effect dose of long-term intake of low-dose fosthiazate on rats is 4 mg/kg· bw· d.

[Objective]To explore the clinical characteristic of combined posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) with posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries,and evaluate the technique and outcome of arthroscopic single bundle reconstruction of PCL and reconstruction of PLC with posterior half of biceps femoris tendon.[Method]From Dec. 2001 to Dec. 2004,14 patients (14 knees) with severe posterior and posterolateral rotatory instability were treated surgically in our department,all of them presented III degree positive results of posterior drawer test,positive varus stress test and more than 10 degree of external rotation of the affected knees compared with the intact knees.PCL tear and abnormal opening of posterolateral compartment were seen in all of the 14 knees under arthroscopy.Of them,2 knee were combined with common peroneal nerve injury.All the damaged PCLs were reconstructed with single bundle of autogenous quadrupled hamstring tendons under arthroscopy,and PLCs were reconstructed with the posterior half of biceps femoris tendon tenodesis.[Result]No severe complications occurred in early stage after operation in the 14 patients.All of them were followed up from 12 to 33 months with an average of 21.14?7.26 months.Posterior stabilities were recovered significantly,varus stress test was negative at 30 degree of flexion and full extension,less than 10 degree of external rotation compared with the intact knee in all of the patients.Lysholm score was remarkable improved from 40~60 (mean 47.1?8.25) preoperatively to 70~95 ( mean 86.79?7.23) at follow up(P

[Objective]To evaluate the technique and outcome of arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with preservation of the remnents.[Method]From June 2005 to May 2006, 28 knees with ACL tear in 28 patients were verified with arthroscopy in this department.Of them,8 knee were combined with lateral meniscus tear and 6 combined with medial meniscus tear. All the damaged ACLs were reconstructed with single bundle of autogenous quadrupled hamstring tendons under arthroscopy without remove of the remnants of ACL. Bioabsorbable interference screw was used for direct anatomic fixation of the reconstructed ligament.[Result]No severe complication occurred in early stage after operation in the 28 patients.All of them were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of 18 months. Lysholm score was remarkablely improved from 46～80 (mean 60.75?9.54) preoperatively to 85～100 (mean 95.89?6.24) at the latest follow up (P

[Objective]To observe the curative effect of ectogenic bone inductive factor in treating osteoporotic frature,and provide feasibility pathway and method for clinical treatment.[Method]Sixty cases of osteoporotic fracture from Febuary 2002 to May 2005 were randomly divided into experimental group(30 cases) and control group(30 cases).The experimental group were given 4 ml osteotide a day by intramuscular injection,and 15 days were a course of treatment.The second course of treatment went on after 15 days later when the first course ended.At the same time,no any medicine was given to the control group.The biochemical indicators were detected 2 months later.And after 2,4 and 6 months the union of fracture was observed through radiology.[Result]Four months after operation,radiology examination showed that the rate of union of fracture was 93% and 67% respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups(P

Objective To explore the effects of social isolated environment on the social behavior and the expression level of NMDA receptor related genes in thalamus of SD rats.Methods After weaning(aged 21 days),male SD rats were reared singly or in groups(4 in a cage) for 8 weeks until adulthood.The behavioral tests were performed,including aggressive test and social memory test.Then the expressions of the NMDA related genes,including NR2A,NR2B,PSD-95 and SAP102,were examined by using the Real Time PCR.Results In the isolated feeding rats,7 of 13 rats showed high levels aggressive behavior,however rats in socially reared group did not show obvious aggressive behavior(P

Objective To investigate and analyze the clinical value of minimal invasive surgery with laparoscope for radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for the treatment of cervical and endometrial carcinomas in early stage. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out based on the clinical data of 64 patients with FIGO stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ malignant uterine tumor, among them 34 were operated with the aid of laparoscope and 30 were operated with laparotomy for radical hysterectomy and/or pelvic lymphadenectomy. Comparison was done between the two groups on operative time, blood loss, complications and postoperative recovery. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications and operation time between laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for the treatment of the patients diagnosed with early stage of cervical and endometrial carcinomas compared with those with traditional radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy through laparatomy. Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for the treatment of early stage of cervical and endometrial carcinomas resulted in less blood loss (247.13?127.62ml vs 904.51?428.37ml, P

Objective To explore the application of a system dynamics(SD) model to military medical expenses in PLA hospitals.Methods According to relevant theories of SD, the study has selected some important variables and defined the primary function relations in order to establish a military medical expenses SD model.Results and Conclusion The SD model is suited to modeling the PLA medical expenses and can serve as a theoretical basis for the policy innovation of the PLA medical system.

Objective To investigate freshmen's prevalence of depression disorder and to analyse the in-fluential factors on depression in military colleges. Methods Depression, self-consciousness, coping style, per-sonality feature, birth background and other factors were investigated by MMPI and related questionnaires in 683 freshmen of military colleges. Results The prevalence of depression disorder was 3.66% ; $i, Dy, Ne mean scores of freshmen with depression disorder were significantly higher than without depression disorder(t= 5. 348,3. 879,2. 997 ) (P<0.05, P<0.01)), otherwise, Do, Pc , PEI ones were significantly lower than without depres-sion disorder( t= -2.171, -2.602, -2.62) (P<0.05, P<0.01);D mean score of all subjects was significant-ly related to Si, Dy, Do, Nc, PEI,Pe(r=0.600,0.465, -0.356,0. 240, -0. 353, -0. 146) (P<0.05, P<0.01 ). And also Si,Do,Pc,Nc got into regression quotation. Condusion Freshmen's depression is associated with their personalities,coping style and self-consciousness, however,their personalities, coping style were most important pre-dictors.