Chikungunya virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; China ; Genome, Viral ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is an important endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). P2X7R is an ATP-gated cation channel. ATP-P2X7R plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of many diseases because P2X7R is distributed on various immune cells. ATP-P2X7R signal transduction pathway has been implicated to participate in the body's im-mune defense against pathogens. This paper reviews the recent progress regarding ATP-P2X7R and its effects on parasitic diseas-es.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of the human telomeruse gene (hTERC)in the cytologic specimens of cervix for early cervical lesion screening.Methods Cytologic samples of cervix including 120 normal persons,86 CIN patients and 14 SCC patients were analyzed for aberrations of 3q26 using a commercially available two-color FISH probe.Results Positive expression rates of hTERC gene in normal,CIN Ⅰ ,CIN Ⅱ,CIN Ⅲ and SCC samples were 1.7%(2/120),2.6%(1/38),55.6%(10/118),87.5%(14/16),100.0%(14/14),100.0%(14/14),respectively.Compared with CIN Ⅰ/CIN Ⅱ group,hTERC gene positive expressions in SCC/CIN Ⅲ group were higher significantly(P=0.01),and them were also difference between CIN Ⅰ-CIN Ⅲ group and normal controls(X~2=113.52,P ＜0.01).With progression from CIN to carcinoma,polyploidization resulting in aneuploidy and high TERC gene copy numbers in SCC group ascended significantly.Among the total abnormal cells,the number of the cells percentage which hTERC amplification signals was more than 3:3 in CIN Ⅰ ,CIN Ⅱ,CIN Ⅲ and SCC groups were 6.12%,7.98%,28.07% and 33.97%,respectively.Condusion The hTERC gene is increasingly gained with progression of CIN and may appear to be another screening testmarker for early cervical cancer screening and accessory diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the content of mineral elements and the principal components in Gastrodia elata.

METHODMineral elements were determined by ICP and the data was analyzed by SPSS.

RESULTK element has the highest content-and the average content was 15.31 g x kg(-1). The average content of N element was 8.99 g x kg(-1), followed by K element. The coefficient of variation of K and N was small, but the Mn was the biggest with 51.39%. The highly significant positive correlation was found among N, P and K . Three principal components were selected by principal components analysis to evaluate the quality of G. elata. P, B, N, K, Cu, Mn, Fe and Mg were the characteristic elements of G. elata.

CONCLUSIONThe content of K and N elements was higher and relatively stable. The variation of Mn content was biggest. The quality of G. elata in Guizhou and Yunnan was better from the perspective of mineral elements.

Objective:To study the frequencies of allele and genotype distribution of miR-146a C>G(rs2910164) and miR-149 T>C( rs2292832) gene, and to analyze the statistical differences between different racial and nationalities.Methods:The Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Base Extension ( PCR-SBE) technique and DNA sequencing methods were used for the determination of the SNP in miR-146a C>G and miR-149 T>C gene,and compared with the European, African, Japanese and People in Beijing from the Human Genome Project (HapMap).Results:There were no statistical differences of allele and genotype distribution in miR-146a C>G,miR-149 T>C between female and male group (P>0.05).There were significant difference frequencies of allele and genotype distribution of miR-146a C>G and miR-149 T>C gene by compared with the European, African and People in Beijing( P<0.05).Conclusion:There were gene Polymorphisms of miR-146a C>G and miR-149 T>C in Guangxi populations, and there were significant differences by compared with other ethnic populations, which may play an important role in the human inherited disease research.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of renal pelvic carcinoma associated with renal stone.Methods A total of 13 patients,aged from 49 to 73 years old and averaged 59years old.The history of renal stone was 16 years.13 patients accepted B ultrasound check and 1 was found soft tissue occupying.8 patients accepted IVU check and none was found soft tissue occupying.7 patients accepted CT scan and 4 were found soft tissue occupying.The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) examination was done for 2 patients and both were positive.6 patients were found lesions at renal pelvis mucous membrane during the operation of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy,4 accepted radical operations of renal pelvic carcinoma and 2 patients accepted radical nephrectomy according to the biopsy pathology.4 were found soft tissue occupying before operation and accepted radical operation of renal pelvic carcinoma ultimately.1 patient suffered gross hematuria and renal insufficiency accepted the renal pelvic carcinoma vaporization under the ureteroscope.Results The pathology showed that 7 cases were transitional cell carcinoma,4 were transitional cell carcinoma combined squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) metaplasia and 2 were squamous cell carcinoma.6 of 8 patients' stone chemical composition were infection stone and 2 were calcic blended stone.3 patients were followed up 1 to 2 years and survival with no tumor recurrence.The tumor recurred 10 months of the patient accepted the operation of renal pelvic carcinoma vaporization and accepted vaporization again.1 patient bsuffered SCC and local lymph node metastasis.He died 13 months post-operation.Conclusions For the patient who had long history of stone,combining infection with symptoms of severe hematuria and postoperation hematuria,the possibility of renal pelvic carcinoma should be considered.CT scan and urine FISH may help for diagnosis.The biopsy should routinely perform for the doubtful mucosa lesion during the cavity stone operation.Early and timely diagnosis and operation is the key for the patients with pelvic carcinoma associated with renal stone.

Objective To review the safety and efficacy of upper-pole access percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods From May 2008 to May 2010,237 cases ( 135 males and 102 females with mean age of 42 yrs) of renal or proximal ureteral calculi treated with upper-pole access PCNL were reviewed.The indications included calculus larger than 1.5 cm or impacted proximal ureteral calculi in 94 cases,calculus≥2 cm or impacted renal pelvic calculi in 26 cases,staghorn or multiple calculi in 68 cases,complex lower calyx calculi in 13 cases,upper calyx calculi not amenable to ESWL or URS in 12 cases,calculi within upper calyx diverticulum in 3 cases,combined UPJ obstruction or upper ureteral stenosis in 8 cases,morbidly obese patients in 3 cases,calculi within horseshoe kidneys in 6 cases,calculi within transplanted kidneys or ureters in 4 cases.Of the 237 cases,175 tracts (73.8％) were above the 12th rib,46were above the 11th rib,12 were below the 12th rib,4 were in the lower abdomen for renal transplant patients. Results The overall stone clearance rate with upper-pole access PCNL monotherapy was 74.3％.Additional punctures were required in 55 cases and combined ESWL in 6 cases.Total stone clearance rate at 3 months after operation was 88.2％.16 patients (6.8％) had a pleural injury.Thoracentesis was required in 8 patients,closed thoracic drainage in 5 patients,conservative treatment in 3 patients.After nephrostomy tube removed,pleural irritation symptom appeared in 12 cases (5.1％) who required symptomatic treatment.No patient had injury to the lung or other viscera.Significant bleeding requiring blood transfusion was olserved in 5 patients,while selective renal arterial embolization was required in 2 cases. Conclusions Upper-pole access offers optimal visibility,convenience for the movement of rigid nephroscope and high stone-free rate.It should be attempted in selected cages of upper ureteral calculi and complex renal calculi.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bladder hydrodistention for the treatment of ketamine-associated bladder dysfunction.Methods Six patients were required to withdraw the ketamine and treated with bladder hydrodistention therapy and sodium hyaluronate irrigation,and medicine to pretect liver and kidney was also used.Results The biopsies of 6 cases demonstrated the cystitis through biopsy.Lower urinary tract symptoms such as urgency,thamuria and odynuria were significantly relieved after bladder installation within 30 days.The O'Leary-Sant ICSI scores and the ICPI scores reduced to 3.5 ± 1.6,2.8 ± 1.5 respectively.The functional bladder capacities increased to an anverage of (180 ± 28)ml,.2-3 times of nocturia,Qmax (14.4 ± 4.3) ml/s.All cases were followed up for 4 to 18 months.Symptoms disappeared or were significantly relieved in all patients.Conclusion Contracture of bladder might be the main presentation of ketamine-associated bladder dysfunction.Intravesical hydrodistention therapy and sodium hyaluronate irrigation could be the safe and effective therapy in the treatment of katamine-associated dysfunction.

Objective To preliminarily screen the neoplastic stem cell (NSC) related surface markers combination and to under-stand the NSC distribution in hepatoblastoma(HB) .Methods The children cases of HB undergone the surgical therapy in the Jian-gxi Provincial Children′s Hospital were selected .The immunohistochemical method was adopted for observing the expression and distribution of NSC-related markers CD34 ,Thy-1 ,c-kit ,CD56 and stem cell factor(SCF) in the HB tissue and the normal hepatic tissue away from the edge of tumor tissue 3cm outside .Results Thy-1 and c-kit were sporadically distributed in the HB tissue and mainly focued on the portal area ,but did not exressed in the normal liver tissue ;the expression of CD34 and SCF in HB was signifi-cantly higher than that in the normal liver tissue(P<0 .05) ,in which CD34 was mainly distributed in the endothelial system and SCF was mainly expressed in the portal area ;CD56 was expressed in the tissue of the clustered nerve fibers ,the expression differ-ence between them had no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The different NSC related surface markers are distributed in the HB tissue and focus on the specific areas .The positive cells of Thy-1/c-kit expression may play a role in the HB occurrence .

Objective To sequence and analyze the envelope (E) gene of type Ⅰ dengue virus isolated from Guangzhou in 2009 for tracing the infection source. Methods The serum samples were collected from patients diagnosed with dengue fever in Guangzhou area during 2009. Dengue virus was isolated and cultured in C6/36 cells.The whole length of E gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and then sequenced. The phylogenetic tree was drawn by neighbor-joining method. The bioinformatics analysis was performed by combining the phylogenetic information and the epidemiology data. Results Four strains of type Ⅰ dengue virus were isolated from 19 samples. E gene of these strains was amplified and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 09/GZ/9104 strain and 09/GZ/9236 strain had identical nucleotide sequence and fell within the American/African group, 09/GZ/11534 stain and 09/GZ/11562 strain had similar sequence homology and fell within the Asian group. Conclusion The typeⅠdengue viruses in Guangzhou area in 2009 are imported, which belong to two genotypes and may come from two independent origins respectively.