Objective To explore the clinical features and evaluate the diagnostic methods for adrenal tumors and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) before surgical operation.Methods Clinical data of 45 cases with adrenal tumor and BAH were analyzed.Results Of 45 cases,15 were with aldosterone producing adenoma (APA),3 with of BAH,8 pheochromocytoma,4 adrenal tumor with hypercortisolism and 15 adrenal incidentaloma.Conclusions Before operation,endocrine function examinations of adrenal tumors are necessary for preventing preoperational complications.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, epidemiological studies have found that the saturation of transferring or the increased level of serum ferritin are associated with the attacks of cancer, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson disease, liver disease and the diseases of immune system. Therefore, it is suggested that the intake of excessive iron may cause adverse influence on the healthy of human body.OBJECTIVE: To establish high-iron model in mice by using full-rate diet pellets by adding regular quantitative intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran, and observe the iron levels in vivo and the changes of organ coefficients.DESIGN: A comparative observation.SETTING: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Southern Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Southern Medical University in May 2006. Forty Kunming mice of SPF grade, 20 males and 20 females, weighing 18-22 g, were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Southern Medical University. The mice were randomly divided into control group (n =10) and high-iron model group (n =30) by introperitoneal injection of saline and iron dextran respectively, and the latter group was subdivided into low, middle and high-dosage groups (6.25, 12.5 and 25 g/L) respectively, 10 mice in each group. Full-rate diet pellets (iron content was 370 mg/kg)were purchased from the Animal Experimental Center of Southern Medical University. Iron dextran reagent (norm: 2 mL containing 50 mg iron) was the product of Zhejiang Ruian Pharmaceutical Factory (certification number: H33021758).The kits of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and maldondialdehyde (MDA) were provided by the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute.METHODS: Mice in each group were raised in plastic stainless steel cages respectively at (23±3) ℃, and they were free to the access of food and deionized water. Mice in the low, middle and high-dosage group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran once every other day, 0.8 mL for each time, whereas iron dextran was replaced by saline in the control group, all the mice were treated for 6 weeks, and their nutritionol conditions were observed. All the mice were killed at the end of the 6th week. The iron contents in organs of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, and serum were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer and automatic biochemical analyzer respectively; Pathohistological examination of organs were performed; The organ coefficients of liver and spleen were calculated; MDA content and SOD activity in serum were determined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: General conditions of mice in each group; Iron contents in organs and iron concentration in serum; Organ coefficients of liver and spleen; MDA content and SOD activity in serum; Pathological changes.RESULTS: In the high-iron model group, the body figures of the mice were changed, body masses were obviously decreased. The iron contents in organs and serum of mice in the high-iron model group were all obviously increased as compared with those in the control group (t =5.841, P ＜ 0.01), the organ coefficients of liver and spleen were also markedly increased (t =5.841, P ＜ 0.01), which were all in a dosage-dependent manner. The MDA content in serum was obviously increased (t =5.841, P ＜ 0.01) whereas the SOD activity was obviously decreased (t =12.924, P ＜ 0.01) as compared with those in the control group. The pathohistological examination under light microscope showed that there were pathological damages of different degree occurred in the tissue and cells and cell degeneration was observed,which affected the normal physiological function of cells.CONCLUSION: High-iron mice models can be successfully established by the intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran.The storage of excessive iron in vivo will result in the organic damages.

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the highest incidence nutritional-deficiency diseases all over the world; especially infants and children are the main group. IDA presently becomes one of the most important nutritional problems to be solved.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of chocolate carrier and orange juice on recovery of IDA model rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Laboratory of Nutrient and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Nutri ent and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health And Tropiacal Medicine, Southern Medical University from March to June 2006. A total of 60 healthy SD rats of clean grade were provided by Animal Center of Southern Medical University (certification: 2002-009 2005A047). METHODS: ① Establishment of IDA models: Among them, 20 rats of half genders were randomly selected toregard as control group, and other 40 were regarded as model group. Rats in control group were fed with rou tinefeed and drank freely. Rats in model group were fed with AOAC-modi fied low-dosage iron feeds to establish IDA models by blooding at caudal vein. Three weeks later, average concentration of ferrohemoglobin in model group was decreased to about 90 g/L, and this suggested that model estab lishment was successful. Ten rats of half genders in each group were ran domly sacrificed. Pre-experiment and 3 weeks of post-experiment, rats were weighed to measure concentration of ferrohemoglobin with hemoglobin cyanide (HiCN) technique, red blood cell count (RBC, direct method), serum iron (microparticle chemiluminescent immunoassa y and related kit) and concentration of serum transferrin receptor (STFR, ELISA method and related kit). ② Recovery test: Other 10 rats in control group were regarded as normal control group, and they were fed with routine feed and drank freely. The rest 30 rats of half genders in model group were randomly di vided into 3 subgroups: model control group, FeSO4 group and chocolate & orange juice group with 10 in each group. Rats in model control group were perfused with distilled water everyday; rats in FeSO4 group were per fused with FeSO4, and rats in chocolate & orange juice group were per fused with chocolate carrier and orange juice. The iron volume in the last two groups was 6 mg/(kg·d). At 40 days after intervention, the experiment was stopped. Concentration of ferrohemoglobin, RBC, serum iron, concentration of STFR and activity of plasma-protein aconitase were measured with atom-trapping atomic-absorption spectrophotometry; meanwhile, biological utilization rate of chocolate carrier & orange juice was calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Contents of herrohemoglobin, RBC,serum iron and STFR before experiment and after modeling; ② contents of ferrohemoglobin, RBC, serum iron, STFR and activity of plasma-protein aconitase before recovery test and at 40 days after experiment; ③ Related biological utilization rate.RESULTS: All 60 rats were involved in the final analysis without any loss. ① Comparison of blood index after modelling: Content of ferrohemoglobin, RBC and content of serum iron were lower in model group than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01), but content of STFR was higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.01). ② Comparison of blood index and activity of plasma-protein aconitase in liver before recovery test and at 40 days after experiment: At 40 days after intervention, concentration of ferrohemoglobin,RBC and content of serum iron were higher in FeSO4 group and chocolate & orange juice group than those in model control group (P＜ 0.01); however, content of STFR was lower than that in model control group (P ＜ 0.01).At 40 days after intervention, activity of plasma-protein aconitase in FeSO4 group and chocolate & orange juice group was higher than those before recovery test (P ＜ 0.01). ③ Related biological utilization rate of chocolate carrier plus orange juice: Biological utilization rate of FeSO4 was regarded as 100%, and biological utilization rate of chocolate carrier plus orange juice was increased remarkably (106.7%).CONCLUSION: Chocolate carrier plus orange juice can improve IDA function and wildly use on treating IDA because of its good absorption. It is characterized by well biological utilization rate and good taste; therefore,it is a hot topic for trophology and foods produce presently.

Objective To verify the effectiveness of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with multi-layer electrodes in gastric emptying measurement by simulation experiments using EIT with three-layer electrodes.Methods Firstly,EIT system with three-layer electrodes and gastric emptying measurement simulation equipment was designed and constructed to simulate gastric emptying process and obtain EIT reconstruction images.Secondly,the region where the electrical characteristic of gastric changes was selected as region of interest.Finally,the relative impedance change rate in region of interest for every image obtained from all three layers was consecutively recorded,then the gastric emptying curve was formed and gastric emptying time was calculated.Results There are obvious differences among the sharp of impedance change curves of interested region for three layers,and the gastric emptying time and process of each layer is also different from one another.It is suggested that the passing path and emptying manner of food in gastric emptying process reflected by EIT images varied from layer to layer.Therefore,the necessity and feasibility of using EIT with three-layer electrodes in gastric emptying measurement study is verified.Conclusions EIT with three-layer electrodes can provide more abundant information of gastric motility function associated with gastric emptying pathology and physiology state.It is likely to be a noninvasive,convenient and effective imaging method for the detection and evaluation research on gastric emptying and gastric motility.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of 5-fluorouracil in human plasma METHODS:The plasma samples were extracted with ethyl acetate-isopropanol(85∶15,V/V)following precipitation of plasma proteins with ammonium sulfate The solvent was evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen The dry extract was dissolved in mobile phase and then injected into the Diamonsil C18 column(150mm?4 6mm,5?m)and 0 01mol/L KH2 PO4(pH5 5) was taken as mobile phase The flow rate was 1 5ml/min,UV detection wavelength was 267nm The internal standard was 5-bromouracil RESULTS:The minimal detectable drug concentration in plasma was 0 025?g/ml The calibration curve was linear over a range from 0 3?g/ml to 10?g/ml The intra-day RSD≤5 0%(n=5) and the inter-day RSD≤11 5%(n=5) CONCLUSION:The method can be used for studying the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of 5-fluorouracil

Objective Practical electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system with certain measurement resolution (MR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) differs a lot from ideal simulation conditions in EIT methodology research. The aim of this paper was to study the impact of practical system with different MR and SNR on EIT. Methods Based on the ideal simulation boundary voltages of adjacent excitation and adjacent measurement pattern, practical systems whose MR were 0.1 mV and 0.01 mV, SNR ranged from 40-80 dB and no noises were simulated, simulation study for three imaging models A, B and C with different positions in the to-be imaged field under practical system conditions above was carried out using the combined Tikhonov-NOSER regularization algorithm, and error of reconstruction (ER) function and structure similarity (SSIM) function were adopted for quantitative evaluation of image effect. Results There are differences between images obtained under different MR and SNR for different image models. In order to obtain images for three models, SNR of system should be at least 40-50 dB when MR was 0.01 mV. For the goal to obtain high quality images of A, B and C, SNR should be 80, 70 and 60 dB respectively. When MR was 0.1 mV, SNR for obtaining images of A, B, C were 60, 50 and 40 dB. Moreover, the improvement of images with increasing SNR under MR of 0.1 mV was not as obvious as that of MR at 0.01 mV. Conclusions Blind pursuit of single high SNR is of no help to improve system performance and image reconstruction effect except increasing the difficulties in hardware design. The extremity SNR is 50-60 dB for system with MR of 0.01 mV and 60-70 dB for system with MR of 0.1 mV.

12E7 Antigen ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Ewing ; metabolism ; pathology ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Spinal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective Analyse the change of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal and radial strain in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) and discuss the relationship between the 2D strain parameter and the filling and ejection of LV. Methods Thirty healthy controls and 45 patients with AR (24 patients with moderate AR and 21 with severe AR) were enrolled in this study, LV systolic global peak radial strain(GRS), systolic global peak longitudinal strain(GLS) and systolic peak longitudinal strain(S), systolic peak longitudinal strain rate(SRs), early diastolic peak longitudinal strain rate(SRe) of every segment were measured or calculated using 2D-STE, early and late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E, A) were recorded by pulsed Doppler echocardiography and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Ea) were assessed by tissue Doppler imaging,the E/A and E/Ea ratio were calculated. Discuss the relationship of GLS and LV ejection fraction (LVEF), GLS and E/Ea using the Pearson correlation analysis. Results The GLS were (-20.09±1.47)%, (-18.68±1.52)%, (-12.56±3.25)%and the GRS were (46.71±7.65)%, (43.01±5.95)%, (28.52±6.13)% in control group, patients with moderate and severe AR (MAR group and SAR group) respectively. There were significant differences among the groups (F =82.08,47.69, both P < 0.01) as following:SAR group with control group and MAR group [ q=17.56,13.60 (GLS), q=13.44, 10.20 (GRS), all P<0.01),MAR group and control group [ q=3.42 (GLS), P<0.01]. The SRs of the apical segment were (-1.24±0.22)s-1, (-1.19±0.25)s-1, (-1.04±0.28)s-1 in control group,MAR group and SAR group respectively. There were significant differences among the groups (F=4.47, P < 0.05) as following:SAR group with control group and MAR group ( q=4.02,3.28, both P<0.01). The S, SRe of apical segment and the S,SRs,SRe of basal and midventricular in MAR group were all lower than the control group ( q=4.42, 5.01, 3.48, 3.24, 4.78, 4.12, 3.61, 6.72, all P < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed the GLS had a relationship with LVEF and E/Ea ( r=-0.73, 0.64, both P<0.01). Conclusion The reduced longitudinal strain and strain rate could detect LV dysfunction in patients with AR in early stage and the GLS had the ability to reflect the diastolic filling and systolic ejecting of the LV.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Yifuning soft capsules on postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized female rats.

METHOD60 female sprague-dawley rats in 3-month were used, 50 of them were ovariectomized and randomly divided into 5 groups: ovariectomy (OVX), OVX with diethylstilbestrol tables (DT), OVX with YFN (high dose, middle dose and low dose), the others were sham-operated group. Began to give the rats drugs in the fifth week after the operation. After 12 weeks killed the rats. The blood,the uterus and bones were collected to inspect. The content of estrogen (E2) in serum was detected by radioimmunoassay method. The contents of Ca, P, ALP in serum were detected using the automic biochemistry-analyse device. The uterus were weight and the length, width, dry weight and net weight of the shoulder bone were measured. The contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn in the bone were measured using the automic absorption spectrophotometer. The right femer and the third lumbar vertebra were detected for BMD using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner and compression test using electronic testing device.

RESULTAfter using the drugs,the content of E2, Ca in serum, the weight of uterus, the contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn in the bone and the BMD of right femer increased significantly, the content of P, ALP in serum decreased significantly.

CONCLUSIONYifuning soft capsules has a good effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis, which provides evidence for clinical use.

Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Capsules ; Curcuma ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Osteoporosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rana temporaria ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To understand the changes of allergic rhinitis from immunology,pathophysiology and morphology method were applied.Methods Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate was dissolved with florence oil to final concentration 10%,this solution was dropped into the nasal vestibules of animals to induce sensitization process.8 guinea pigs were prepared as allergic rhinitis with 10% Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate,and other 8 animals were used as blank controh.After model successfully established,the blood were obtained to determine RBC-C3b receptor rosette rate and RBC-imuuunocomplex rosette rate.The nasal mucosas were obtained from 2 groups,distribution and changes of substance P in nasal mucosa were observed with the application of immunohistochemical staining.The content of blood histamine was determined with ELASA method.The pathological changes of nasal mucosas were observed with the application of light microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results The behavior scores of the modeling animals were significantly higher than that of controls(P＜0.01).The value of RBC-C3b reeeptor rosette rate and RBC-imuuunoeomplex rosette rate of the modeling animals were significantly decreased than that of the controls(P＜0.05).Substance P presented in the normal nasal mucosal epithelial cells,epithelium cells of blood vessels,glandular cells and its duets,the staining density and the positive staining cells in the same aero in modeling group significantly increased,compared with controls.The counts of substance P-positive cells of control group were less than those of modeling group(P＜0.05).The content of blood histamine of the modeling animals were significantly increased compared with the controls(P＜0.01).The structure of false multiple coat cilium columnar epithelial cells in nasal mucosa of control group were successive,intact,and distinct.There were normal mucosal epithelium,lamina propria and submucosa.But modeling group showed that mucosal epithalamiums were damaged and shed,goblet cell proliferated,squamous metaphase,and epithelial necrosis happened,serous glands in lamina propria vigorously proliferated,blood vessels expanded,tissue edema formed,plenty of inflammatory cell such as eosinophil and mast cells were more in number and infiltrated.The structure of epithelial eells,cilia and mierotubule of nasal mucosa of control group were regular and distinct,there were abundant cellular organs in cytoplasm.Eosinophil cells were intact.But iu model group,mucosal epithalamium,cilia and its microtubule,mierovillus,goblet cell were damaged,the cell bulk and nucleus changed,mast cells and eosinophil cells changed,blood vessels expanded,serous glands vigorously proliferated.This morphological change was roughly identical to clinical manifestation of allergic rhinitis.Conclusion Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate can be used to establish allergic rhinitis model in guinea pigs,and some ehanges of the allergic rhinitis in model guinea pig were similar with clinic observation.