Human papillomavirus type 16(HPV 16)is associated with many tumor carcinogenesis particularly cervical cancer.HPV 16 variants has been found to show different geographic and ethic distributions according to epidemiologicat research.meanwhile,they also play an important role in virus persistent infections and disease progressions.Variants study has been a promising field in the research of HPV and its association with tumor research.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the advances in the genetic susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) and explore the heritable basis of the disease.DATA SOURCES:Related articles in English from January 1990 to June 2006 were searched in Pubmed and EMCC databases with the terms "gene, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction". Meanwhile, the CMCC database was searched for the relevant articles published between January 2000 and June 2006 in Chinese.STUDY SELECTrON: After the preliminary selection,relevant literatures on genetics of CAD and myocardial infarction(MI)were selected, and those with obvious indifferent contents or with less correlation were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Data of 49 articles were mainly extracted from the selected literatures providing solid evidence to elucidate the genetic susceptibility to CAD or MI.DATA SYNTHESIS: The involved 49 articles showed that CAD is a complex multifactorial disorder which is believed to result from the interplay between a person's genetic makeup and various environmental factors. The heritable basis is increasingly recognized as a crucial component in the development of CAD. Recent work in the field of genetics has lead to determining key genes associated with the susceptibility for CAD and MI through genome-wide linkage scans and large-scale gene-association studies as core human genetics approaches These susceptibility genes involve diverse functions, including dyslipidemia, vascular homeostasis, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and immunity.CONCLUSION: The identification of genes that predispose to or directly cause CAD provides new insights into the pathogenesis of this disorder. However, the precise role of genetic factor in the CAD or MI events and the personalized gene-specific therapy await further investigation.

BACKGROUND: Liver stem cells can be induced and differentiated into mature hepatocytes. Transplanted liver stem cells would be good to recovery of damaged hepatic tissues and compensate some hepatic functions. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the research status quo of liver stem cell induced and differentiated into mature hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro RETRIEVAL STRATEGY: We searched in Pubmed for the literatures published from January 2000 to October 2007 with the of "liver stem cell,differentiation"in English. We also searched in Wanfang database for relevant articles published from January 2000 to October 2007 in Chinese. Inclusive criterion:The articles related to the induction and differentiation of liver stem cells were collected. Exclusive criteria:Repetitive investigation or Meta analysis articles were excluded. LITERATURE EVALUATION: From over 100 pieces we chosen 38 pieces of articles which focus on the induction and differentiation of liver stem cells,and those published in the more authorized journals within recent years were superiority. Of the total,5 pieces were related on isolating culture and proliferation of cells,22 pieces on induction and differentiation in vitro,and 11 pieces on induction and differentiation in vivo. From over 30 pieces of articles,we summed up and arranged those about differentiation into mature hepatocytes. Of them,28 were used as reference for review. DATA SYNTHESIS: According to origin, liver stem cells can be divided into liver-derived liver stem cells and non-liver-derived liver stem cells. The former include oval cells,differentiated liver cells,fetal liver cells and bile duct endothelial cells. The latter include embryonic stem cells,bone marrow haemopoietic stem cells,pancreas glandular epithelium cells and enterocytes. All are characterized by pleiotropia variation. Induction and differentiation of liver stem cells:①in vitro:Cell induction culture systems can be different cytokines or chemical agents or patho-microenvironment,and these systems induce liver stem cells into hepatocytes. ② in vivo:Liver stem cells transplanted in body through various kinds of methods would improve liver function and structure. CONCLUSION: The study of liver stem cells is in the period of theory and experiment study. We must strengthen the study of mechanism of its induction and differentiation,prevent stem cells differentiate into tumor cells,and promote it differentiate into mature hepatocytes,so that we can propel liver stem cells in clinical application.

Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis has become a difficult problem in clinical medicine due to its extended pathological process,high occurrence of complication and recurrence of disease.The major pathogenesis mechanism is Gram-negative bacteria infection,such as staphylococci.LPS is an important substance found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and administration of LPS to skeleton relevant cells in vitro could simulate the pathological characteristics of osteomyelitis patients.The results of quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot showed that CHI3L1 was up-regulated obviously in the infected bone tissues of osteomyelitis patients and LPS-stimulated osteoblasts.Analysis of the luciferase activity of NF-?B reporter gene vector revealed that LPS could activate NF-?B.Bay11-7082,an inhibitor of NF-?B activation,suppressed the elevation of CHI3L1 expression induced by LPS.Pre-incubation of osteoblasts with anti-TNF-? antibody or silencing TNF-? receptor expression by siRNA inhibited the induction effect of LPS on CHI3L1.Inhibition of NF-?B activation also prevented up-regulation of TNF-? induced by LPS.In conclusion,LPS stimulated TNF-? expression through activating NF-?B,then TNF-? induced CHI3L1 expression.It was demonstrated for the first time that CHI3L1 expression is promoted in osteomyelitis and LPS-treated osteoblasts and investigates the molecular mechanism of LPS-induced CHI3L1 expression in osteoblasts.

Objective To explore the experience of surgical treatment for appendiceal carcinoid.MethodsThe clinical data of 12 appendiceal carcinoid cases received surgery were retrospectively studied.ResultsPreoperatively,all the 12 cases were considered as appendicitis.The definite diagnosis was verified by pathologic study postoperatively.Among the 12 cases, tumors less than 1 cm 9 cases, between 1 cm to 2cm 2cases, but without serosal involvment or lymph node metastasis(2 cases) recieved simple appendectomy.One case with a tumor larger than 2cm and serosal involvment underwent fight hemicolectomy.ConclusionOwing to its lack of specific symptoms,the diagnosis of appendiceal carcinoid was usually reached after operation.The choice of surgical procedures should based on the size and depth of invasion of the tumor and lymph node metastasis status.

This article consults the literature on acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for the non-spastic stage of cerebral stroke published from 2001 to 2014, makes a summary and analysis from meridians, point selection, acupuncture reinforcing-reducing techniques and electoacupuncture application and points out some problems such as valuing acupuncture and neglecting moxibustion, valuing acupuncture and neglecting medicine, and neglecting point selection based on syndrome differentiation in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for the non-spastic stage of cerebral stroke. The article also objectively assesses the position of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment, puts forward relevant solving ideas and emphasizes the importance of acupuncture manipulation and the necessity for combining Chinese herbal medicine to treat the non-spastic stage of cerebral stroke.

Objective To investigate the injury effects and mechanisms of circulating histones on the hepatocytes in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV )-related liver failure (HBV-LF) .Methods Serum samples from patients with HBV-LF were collected . The levels of serum histone H3 , histone H4 , prothrombin activity (PTA ) ,total bilirubin (TBil) ,creatinine (Cr) and international normalized ratio (INR) of the patients were measured .Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated in the patients .The serum levels of histones were compared between patients and the healthy volunteers . The correlation of histones with the MELD score and PTA was analyzed .The human liver cell line L-02 cells were cultured and treated with the serum of patients or L-02 cellular lysate supernatant preincubated with or without anti-histone H3 and H4 antibodies .The cellular morphology and rate of apoptosis were observed .Intracellular calcium ion concentration and Caspase-3 activity were detected in the cultured L-02 cells treated with histones .Mean of two independent samples was compared using t tests .Relationship between histones and the MELD score or PTA was conducted using Spearman correlation analysis .Results The levels of serum histones in the patients with HBV-LF were much higher than those in the healthy volunteers (H3 :[5 390 .3 ± 1 032 .0] μg/mL vs [42 .7 ± 12 .8] μg/mL , t = 32 .76 , P < 0 .01 ; H4 :[4 205 .1 ± 662 .3] μg/mL vs [40 .3 ± 14 .6] μg/mL ,t = 39 .74 , P< 0 .01) .In addition ,serum histones (H3/H4) levels in patients were negatively correlated with serum PTA (r= - 0 .325 ,P= 0 .038 and r =- 0 .572 ,P= 0 .028 ,respectively) ,but positively correlated with the MELD score (r= 0 .359 ,P= 0 .021 and r = 0 .568 , P = 0 .007 , respectively ) . Both serum of patients with HBV-LF and L-02 lysate supernatant were toxic to cultured L-02 cells .The injury effect was inhibited by anti-histone antibodies ([9 .3 ± 1 .5]% vs [14 .3 ± 0 .6]% , t = 4 .259 , P= 0 .02) .L-02 cells treated with calf thymus histone were cultured for 4 h . Cellular toxicity of histones resulted in Caspase-3 activation . The effect was inhibited by anti-histone antibodies ([3 .5 ± 0 .5]% vs [5 .2 ± 0 .6]% ,t= 4 .243 ,P= 0 .02) .Conclusion The elevated circulating histones in the patients with HBV-LF may aggravate the liver damage .

Co-occurrence network of major MeSH terms and all MeSH terms was constructed respectively with MEDLINE-covered pharmacological literature as its example.The degree, closeness and betweenness of centrality in different nodes of the two co-occurrence networks were analyzed , the distribution of scale-free properties in the two co-occurrence networks was tested, the small-world effect of the two co-occurrence networks was identified by comparing their overall properties ( average distance and clustering coefficient ) , which showed the scale-free properties and small-world effect of the two co-occurrence networks.The co-occurrence network of all MeSh terms could thus be used in analysis of network properties while that of major MeSH terms could thus be used in analysis of subject contents.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of salivary gland scintigraphy for primary Sj?gren’s syndrome (pSS). Methods:This study took 50 pSS patients and 50 healthy women as the control group. All of them were performed salivary gland scintigraphy. We observed the imaging of salivary gland scintigraphy for two groups, and evaluated their salivary gland function. Results: In 50 patients with pSS, eight patients (16.0%) of bilateral parotid and submandibular glands were functioned well. While the function of bilateral parotid function and/or bilateral submandibular gland were observed reduction in other patients with pSS. The uptaking function decreased obviously in the typical patients with pSS, who are with bilateral parotid and submandibular glands. The uptake of 99TcmO4-was decreased in salivary glands, and the uptake of the oral cavity was lessened. After taken vitamin C tablets, there was no obvious concentration of 99TcmO4-. The time-radioactive type curve has continued to rise. The UR, S/T, SR and V of pSS patients were significantly lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Salivary gland scintigraphy is a non-invasive diagnosis with high-value for primary Sj?gren’s syndrome patients.