OBJECTIVE To estimate the current situation about nosocomial infections(NI),and find possible reasons to improve measures.METHODS A point-prevalence survey of NI in all inpatients was made on June 11,2007.RESULTS Of the 755 patients investigated,the prevalence rate of NI was 4.77%(36 cases).In all of the NI occurred,the common sites of NI were respiratory tract(69.30%),superficial surgical incision(13.80%),and skin soft tissue(8.33%).The usage rate of antibiotics was 57.40%,The single usage rate of antibiotics was 60.70%,double antibiotics usage 38.30%,and triple antibiotics usage 0.90%.CONCLUSIONS The departments of nephrology and neurosurgery are with high NI rate.Strengthening the management of severe patient and rational using antibiotics can help to reduce prevalence rate of NI.

OBJECTIVETo explore the surgical method and its effects of adjacent spinal segment degeneration after anterior cervical fusion.

METHODSFrom March 2000 to March 2011, 27 patients with spinal segment degeneration who had accepted the operation of anterior cervical fusion were treated with surgical treatment. There were 16 males and 11 females with an average age of 55.3 years (ranged from 48 to 72 years). JOA scores and image examination were used to evaluate the clinical effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 1.8 to 7.2 years with an average of 3.6 years. All pathological segments obtained fully decompression with good spinal bombe, no internal fixation loosening and cervical spine instability were found. Nerve root pain had disappeared and nerve function had significantly improved. Before operation, 3 days after operation and at last follow-up, JOA scores were 9.15 +/- 3.46, 13.96 +/- 2.79 and 13.52 +/- 2.91, respectively, and there was significant difference between preoperation and postoperation (P < 0.05). Intervertebral height and physiological curvature improved obviously than preoperation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn order to relief spinal compression and rebuild spinal stability, a surgical treatment will be recommend to adjacent spinal segment degeneration combining spinal nerve symptoms and physical sign as soon as possible. Selecting an appropriate surgery to treat different compressed segment would receive satisfactory results.

Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of the expanding forming under the plate through cervical spatium intermusculare approach to treat multi-segmental myelopathic cervical spondylosis.

METHODSFrom July 2005 to June 2013, 25 patients with multi-segmental myelopathic cervical spondylosis were treated by the expanding forming under the plate through cervical spatium intermusculare approach including 16 males and 9 females with an average age of 56.5 years old ranging from 35 to 78 years old. Among them, 10 cases were onset without causes slowly, 7 cases were onset without causes suddenly, 8 cases were onset after mild trauma or tired. JOA scoring, incidence of postoperative axial symptoms and imaging studies were used to evaluate the effect.

RESULTSTwenty-five cases were followed up for 6 months to 7 years and 6 months with an average of 2 years and 9 months. There were no infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage after the operation, and complications such as nerve damage were occurred. The operation time was 120 to 150 min, the bleeding was 300 to 500 ml. Imaging examination showed vertebral canal sagittal diameter increased, the vertebral canal increased significantly in the cross sectional area of the spinal cord, cervical curvature was straighten in 4 cases (2 cases of them became normal sequence). There were no more cases of cervical protruding and segmental instability increased. Postoperative walking ability enhanced, the finger activity of majority of patients improved on flexibility, grip strength, and accuracy of using chopsticks improved, numbness and chest waist band feeling had different degree of reduce, preoperative urine impairment were improved to varying degrees. Preoperative JOA scores were 3 to 13 points with an average of (8.86 ± 4.25) points; Postoperative 12 months' JOA scores were 7 to 17 points with an average of (13.76 ± 3.56) points, period was 60.19% in average, JOA score had statistically difference between before and after operation (P < 0.05). The result were excellent in 14 cases, good in 6 cases, and fair in 4 cases and poor in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONApplication of the expanding forming under the plate through cervical spatium intermusculare approach to treat multi-segmental myelopathic cervical spondylosis, through muscular clearance, can retain complete cervical back muscle, maintain stability of cervical spine, and vertebral canal can get effective decompression at the same time.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Spondylosis ; surgery

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Omeprazole on the intragastric pH and the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients undergoing brain surgery. Twenty patients who received brain surgery were randomly divided into two groups. 72 hour intragastric pH monitoring was carried out in all these patients beginning 4 hours before the operation. After the operation, 10 patients in the control group received therapy, the other 10 patients in Omeprazole group received Omeprazole 40 mg intravenously once daily in addition to routine therapy. In brain surgery patients, the intragastric pH increased during the operation ( P

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational allocation of earth quake medical rescue drugs. METHODS:The number and types of drugs used by Chinese government medical detachment in Nepal earthquake in 2015 were analyzed statistical-ly. RESULTS:Top three kinds of drugs were antipyretic analgesics,Chinese patent medicine for activating meridians to stop pain and antihypertensive drugs;among which,Yunnan baiyao capsule,Ibuprofer sustained release tablet,Nifedipine sustained release tablet were more used;main dosage form was oral preparation,followed by external application and topical preparation. CONCLU-SIONS:Foreign aid relief teams can foresee the quantity and type of rescue drugs depending on station sanitary conditions,medica-tion habits,the characteristics of patients to guarantee the medical detachment work and avoid medical resources waste.

Bilingual education is developing in the our country. Bilingual teaching faculty will directly determine the quality of bilingual education. To understand the needs of bilingual teachers,a survey was executed. Bilingual teaching team was established by teachers of school of public health of Peking University. The team investigated on related teaching faculty based on domestic development needs of bilingual education thus to provide training for bilingual teachers. Based on practice of teach-er training ,this paper aimed to explore the effective methods for improving teacher's quality and bilingual teaching ability from the training methods and contents.

Objective To investigate a wide range of uterine cervical cancer after hysterectomy for lower urinary tract urinary dynamics characteristics.Methods Cervical cancer Ib Ⅱ a via ablominal extensive hysterectomy in 25 cases were analyzed retrospectively,which had the type of operation in 7 cases,type Ⅲ Procedures for 18 cases,respectively,at 1 month after operation and 1 urethral urodynamic studies.Results The patients showed varying degrees of voiding dysfunction and urine storage dysfunction,maximum urinary flow rate decreased significantly (10.01 ml/min),the average decrease in urinary flow rate(6.44ml/min),voiding time 77.63s,residual urine volume 103.16ml,maximum bladder capacity 288.68ml,postoperative beard had the aid of abdominal pressure urination.Conclusion Extensive hysterectomy can occur after different degree of voiding dysfunction and urine storage dysfunction,and duration is longer,the main manifestation of impaired detrusor function,bladder sensory dysfunction,urethral dynamics can contribute to early diagnosis,early treatment,to prevent serious complications of the urinary system.

In this study, a closed-loop controller for chest compression which adjusts chest compression depth according to the coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was proposed. An effective and personalized chest compression method for automatic mechanical compression devices was provided, and the traditional and uniform chest compression standard neglecting individual difference was improved. This study rebuilds Charles F. Babbs human circulation model with CPP simulation module and proposes a closed-loop controller based on a fuzzy control algorithm. The performance of the fuzzy controller was evaluated and compared to that of a traditional PID controller in computer simulation studies. The simulation results demonstrated that the fuzzy closed-loop controller produced shorter regulation time, fewer oscillations and smaller overshoot than those of the traditional PID controller and outperforms the traditional PID controller in CPP regulation and maintenance.
Algorithms ; Arterial Pressure ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; instrumentation ; Computer Simulation ; Coronary Vessels ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Perfusion ; Thorax

Objective:To optimize the formula of evodiamine liposomes. Methods:Using phospholipids, cholesterol and vitamin E as the materials, the liposomes were prepared by a film dispersion method. The binomial model of mass ratio of phospholipid to drug, mass ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol and the concentration of phospholipid were fitted by design-response surface methodology using encapsulation efficiency as the index. The formula was optimized by three-dimensional response surface and contour plot. The predic-tive data was validated, and the morphology, particle size and pH were observed. Results:The optimized formula was as follows:the mass ratio of phospholipid to drug was 30. 58∶1, that of phospholipid to cholesterol was 15. 22∶1 and the concentration of phospholipid was 42. 26 mg·ml-1 . The average encapsulation efficiency of evodiamine liposomes was 92. 89%. The appearance was milky white and translucent with round or oval pellets, the particle size was 126 nm and the pH was 6. 94 ± 0. 17. Conclusion: The formula and preparation process of evodiamine liposomes are stable and feasible.

Aim To investigate the effect of TRPV4 on hepatic fibrosis of rats . Methods Liver fibrosis model of rats was induced by 50% CCl4 twice a week for 12 weeks. HE and Masson staining were used to evaluate the degree of hepatic fibrosis, and the levels of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and TRPV4 were detec-ted in fibrotic liver tissue by Western blot. HSC-T6 cells were activated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1),and the protein levels of α-SMA, TRPV4 were detected by Western blot. After using Ru and transfected with TRPV4-siRNA, HSC-T6 was stimula-ted with TGF-β1, the levels of α-SMA, TRPV4 and phosphorylation level of Akt were determined by West-ern blot. Results TRPV4 was highly expressed in model liver tissues and in activated HSC-T6 induced by TGF-β1 . The levels of α-SMA and phosphorylation of Akt decreased in TGF-β1-induced HSC, used with Ru or transfected with TRPV4-siRNA. Conclusions The expression of TRPV4 increases in fibrotic livers and ac-tivated hepatic stellate cells. Knockdown of TRPV4 can suppress the activation of hepatic stellate cells in-duced by TGF-β1 , and decrease the phosphorylation levels of Akt.