Endocrine therapy is one of the important treatments of adjuvant therapy among patients with positive hormone receptor breast cancer.In the endocrine therapy setting,5 years of tamoxifen therapy has been the standard treatment regimen for premenopausal patients.In recent years,this standard has been challenged.The results of many large randomized clinical trials have made a new choice for adjuvant endocrine therapy in premenopausal patients.In this paper,we review the present situation of endocrine therapy in premenopausal patients with positive hormone receptor breast cancer.

Objective:To clone and sequence of 16S~23S r RNA intergenic spacer region of Proteus mirabilis and Acinetobacter lowffii for further identification of these two bacteria by means of molecular probe.Methods: The PCR universal clinical common pathogenic bacteria primers for 16S and 23S rRNA's conserved sequences were designed.Then the genomes of these two bacteria were amplified,T Vector clones were constructed with PMD-18 T Vector ad PCR products.The vectors were sequenced and the sequence was submitted to Genbank.Results: T Vector clones were constructed with products amplified by using universal primers;according to Blast analyses,the results of sequencing were determined as ISR sequences of the two kinds of bacteria.And the reports to Genbank were accepted.Conclusion: Genbank accepted the cloning and sequencing results of Proteus mirabilis and Acinetobacter lwoffii as new sequences.And these sequences can be used to identify the two bacteria by universal primers.

Innovations of English class teaching methods are considered crucial in the improvement of English class effectiveness.Many approaches have been practiced towards that goal.The essay mainly discusses the issue from the new RICH perspective, intending to spark new thinking about innovations of English teaching methods.

Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion can cause delayed neuronal death in rodents,such as Mongolian gerbils and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRSP),which are used as an experimental stroke model.The protective effects of antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin E,green tea extract,ginkgo biloba extract,resveratrol,niacin and isoflavones in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion brain injury were reviewed.

Objective : To revise the general self-efficacy scale. Methods : 3094 subjects from 7 different cities in China finished the general self-efficacy scale. Results : The result of Item Analysis showed that 19 of the scale met psychometric criteria. The scale's internal consistency was 0.81, split reliability 0.81. It had acceptable discriminant validity: subjects with higher scale scores also had significantly higher scores in every items than those with lower scale scores, and this scale could effectively differentiate the high and low level managers, it also could effectively differentiate the managers groug and workers group. Exploratory factor analyses indicated that the scale had one dominant factor. Conclusion : The general self-efficacy scale has sound psychometric properties for further research.

Objective To compare tension-free repair and traditional hernia repair of inguinal hernia in the elderly patients. Methods During the period from 2000 to 2001,84 aged patients of scheduled for repair of inguinal hernia were randomized to tension-free repair or traditional hernia repair. The patients were followed up for two years. Results Tension-free repair of inguinal hernia was a simple procedure causing less trauma and operative time, fewer complications and recurrence. Conclusion Tension-free repair of inguinal hernia is superior to traditional hernia repair in the elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of antisense oligonucleotide against miRNA-155 (AS-miRNA-155) on proliferation,apoptosis and invasion and migration abilities of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431. Methods AS-miRNA-155 was transfected into human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells by using LipofectamineTM 2000. Blank control without transfection and transfected with non-sense sequence were used as non-sense sequence control. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of miRNA-155 in A431 cells. Cell proliferation was analyzed using dimethyl thiazolyldiphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were studied by flow cytometry (FCM). Invasion and migration were measured by Transwell chamber assays. Results The relative expression of miRNA-155 mRNA was lower in the transfection group than that in the blank control group and the negative control group (F=634.57, P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the blank control group and the negative control group. After 72 h transfection, the survival rate was significantly lower in the transfection group than that of the blank control group and the negative control group, and the transfection rate decreased significantly by 120 h (P<0.05). Cells of G0/G1 phase increased, Cells of S phase reduced, the overall PI value decreased in transfection group, and the apoptosis rate of A431 cells, migration and invasion of cells increased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in G2/M cycle between transfection group, blank control group and negative control group. There were no significant differences in A431 cell apoptosis rate, cell migration and invasive ability between blank control group and negative control group. Conclusion Antisense oligonucleotide against miRNA-155 can inhibit the expression of miRNA-155, the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells, which indicates that miRNA-155 may become a new target for the regulation of gene expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

With the emergence of new endocrine drugs and the development of research in resistance mechanisms,significant progress has been achieved in the endocrine treatment of breast cancer in recent years. Fulvestrant,the combination of endocrine drugs and the combination of targeted therapy with endocrine therapy will be effective treatments for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive in advanced breast cancer.

Despite solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is a common medical problem in the clinic,the managements can be quite complex.The aetiological agent is largely unknown.Making a definitive diagnosis for SPNs before the operation has been a clinical challenge.A major problem for clinicians and radiologists were to identify the nature of benign and malignant SPNs at an early stage,and let the patients receive therapies timely and effectively.At present,many clinical features and detect methods of SPNs have been applied for differentiating the nodules,but these are not fully to distinguish it.Recently,some progressions had brought qualitative improvements to the diagnosis and treatment of SPNs.Therefore,in this paper,the research status and progresses of SPNs were reviewed.

Aim To establish a gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell line, and observe its pharmacological properties. Methods HCC827 cells were treated with hepatocyte growth factor( HGF) and increasing concen-tration of gefitinib to induce cell resistance. MTT assay was used to test cell viability and chemosensitivity. Clone formation and Edu staining were used to verify the inhibitory effect of gefitinib on cell growth. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to assay the expres-sion of c-Met. Results The use of HGF greatly short-ened the induction time of HCC827GR resistant cells. gefitinib could significantly suppress cell viability, col-ony formation and cell proliferation of HCC827 , but had a weaker inhibitory effect on HCC827GR cells. HCC827GR overexpressed c-Met protein, and was highly sensitive to c-Met inhibitors. Conclusion The gefitinib-resistant HCC827 GR cells were induced suc-cessfully and efficiently. The growth of HCC827GR is dependent on the activity of c-Met protein, and it can be used as a phenotypic screening model of c-Met in-hibitors.