ⅡB. Our investigation also showed that the activity of PAS, LDH and PFK was stronger in type Ⅱ fibers than in type Ⅰ. It was concluded that each type fibers in the rat plantaris exhibit significant differences in metabolic and functional activity. The type ⅡA fibers present both high activity of glycolytie enzyme and oxidase, and reflect that these enzymes may play very important role in energy metabolism. Further study remains to bedertaken.

Objective To study the correlation of whole brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with neurological impairment,homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and oxygen free radical generation in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods The patients diagnosed as AD in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from March 2014 to December 2017 were selected as AD group and healthy persons as control group.The ADC of whole brain was calculated after magnetic resonance scanning.The degree of neurological impairment was evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (MoCA).The levels of Hcy metabolic index and oxygen free radical production were measured after collecting serum.Results ADC values of AD group in parietal lobe,frontal lobe,temporal lobe and occipital lobe were not significantly different from those of control group (P ＞ 0.05).The ADC value of hippocampus as well as serum Hcy,malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents were significantly higher than those of control group,while MoCA score as well as folic acid (FA),vitamin B12 (VitB12),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) contents in serum were significantly lower than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05);ADC value of hippocampus in AD patients was negatively correlated with MoCA score as well as serum FA,VitB12,SOD and GSH contents,and positively correlated with serum Hcy,MDA and NO contents.Conclusions The increased ADC value of hippocampus in AD patients was related to the cognitive function injury,Hcy metabolism disorder and excessive generation of oxygen free radicals.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of tandospirone combined with venlafaxine in the treatment of comorbid anxiety and depression and its effects on neurotransmitters and related factors.Methods:A total of 92 patients with comorbid anxiety and depression who received treatment in the Second People's Hospital of Lishui between June 2019 and June 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group ( n = 46/group). The control group was treated with venlafaxine, while the observation group was treated with tandospirone and venlafaxine. Before and after treatment, the scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:At 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, HAMA scores in the observation group were (11.39 ± 3.11) points and (8.26 ± 2.18) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than (14.72 ± 3.57) points and (10.46 ± 2.37) points in the control group ( t = 4.77, 4.63, both P < 0.05). At 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, HAMD scores in the observation group were (15.95 ± 2.90) points and (9.33 ± 1.54) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than (17.43 ± 2.87) points and (13.28 ± 2.65) points in the control group ( t = 2.46, 8.74, both P < 0.05). After treatment, 5-hydroxytryptamine, nerve growth factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the observation group were (154.59 ± 45.26) μg/L, (13.62 ± 1.16) ng/L, (28.54 ± 2.33) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than (129.99 ± 48.31) μg/L, (11.98 ± 1.04) ng/L, and (25.69 ± 2.51) ng/L in the control group ( t = 2.52, 7.14, 5.64, all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.81, P = 0.369). Conclusion:The adjuvant treatment with tandospirone can markedly improve anxiety and depression and protect neurological function of patients with comorbid anxiety and depression, and is highly safe.

Objective　To explore the characteristics of polysomnography in patients with Huntington’s disease（HD） accompanied by sleep disorders，so as to improve clinicians attention to sleep disorders in HD patients. Methods　Analyze the polysomnography of one patient with HD，and retrieve related literature. Results　The patient’s two polysomnography showed sleep fragmentation and a significant increase in the number of nightly awakenings. From the perspective of sleep structure，the patient’s stage 1 sleep（N1 stage） increased，while the percentage of the deep sleep stage（N3 stage） and rapid eye movement during sleep（R stage） was significantly reduced，and during the two sleep monitoring，abnormal behaviors and muscle dysfunction during REM sleep were not recorded. Conclusion　Sleep disorders have an effect on the symptoms of HD patients and are an ideal direction for further research on potential interventions.

Objective: To detect the diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and evaluate the inner link of DKI parameters with cognitive function and serum nerve injury index. Methods: 78 patients who were first diagnosed with AD in our hospital between December 2015 and January 2018 were enrolled in AD group, and 50 healthy volunteers who had physical examination in our hospital during the same period were enrolled in normal control group. The corpus callosum DKI parameters [mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK) and radial kurtosis (RK)] values, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score as well as serum nerve damage indexes [β amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-422), S100B protein (S100B) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] were compared between the two groups of subjects. Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation of DKI parameters with MMSE score as well as serum nerve injury index in patients with AD. Results: MK, AK and RK levels in AD group were lower than those in normal control group; MMSE score was lower than that of normal control group; serum Aβ1-42 and S100B contents were higher than those of normal control group while BDNF content was lower than that of normal control group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the MK, AK and RK values in AD patients were directly correlated with the MMSE score as well as Aβ1-42, S100B and BDNF levels (P<0.05). Conclusions The corpus callosum DKI parameter levels decrease in AD patients, and the specific levels are closely related to the severity of cognitive function and nerve injury, which may be one of the effective methods for early assessment of AD condition.