Management of bladder tumors depends upon early detection and adequate follow-up. Urine Cytology plays an increasingly important and prominent role in the multidisciplinary approach to this problem. Herein we review our experience with urine cytology in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer at Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University from 1981 to 1985. 1. A total of 478 cytologic evaluations were performed in the 198 patients. 2. The overall incidence of positive cytology was 49.2%. 3. The incidence of positive cytology in the presence of biopsy proven bladder tumor was 71.1%. 4.The incidence of positive cytology after TUR followed by adriamycin instillation was 72.2% at diagnosis, 41.7% after 3 months, 31.0% after 6 months, 33.3% after 9 months and 36.8% after 12 months. 5. The Number of cases with negative cytology after TUR and adriamycin instillation was 11 cases after 3 months, 7 cases after 6 months, 2 cases after 9 months and 1 case after 12 months. 6. Of the 5 patients having recurred tumor, there was 4 patients who constantly class IV, and 1 patient who had conversion from class I or II to class IV.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Doxorubicin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urology

BACKGROUND: Better effect of antiemetic drugs can be obtained by combination of multiple antiemetic drugs that have different mechanisms of action. However, if the combined drugs have similar mechanisms of action, the incidence of side effects may be increase. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of using combination therapy consisting of metoclopramide and dexamethasone in control of postoperative nausea and vomiting. METHODS: Sixty adult female patients undergoing major gynecological operation under the general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups according to administered drugs. The patients received a single IV dose of metoclopramide (10 mg, Group I) or metoclopramide plus dexamethasone (10 mg 8 mg, Group II) when as operator sutured the skin wound. The incidences of nausea and vomiting were assessed during the first 12, 24, and 48 hours after recovery from anesthesia. RESULTS: There were no prominent incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting between two groups within postoperative 12 hours. But there were significantly increased incidences of nausea and vomiting in Group I (26.7%, 13.3%) compared to Group II ( 8.0%, 3.2%) during postoperative 24 hours and 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy of metoclopramide with dexamethasone seemes to have no synergic effect in control of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Antiemetics ; Dexamethasone* ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Incidence ; Metoclopramide* ; Nausea ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Skin ; Vomiting ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital*

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cricetinae ; Cytoplasm ; Epigenomics ; Epithelium ; Islands ; Mineral Oil ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Mucous Membrane ; Prognosis ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factors

As the use computed tomographic (CT) scanning spread, the diagnosis of blowout fractures of the medial orbital wall increased. Now, the diagnosis of blowout fracture in the medial wall are not uncommon. Conventionally, the surgery of blowout fractures in medial orbital wall was performed by the various approach with external incision. The conventional method had seveal possible disadvantages, including an external scar, incomplete reduction, increased mobidity rate and general anesthesia. Recently, endoscopic reconstruction of the medial orbital wall has provided good functional and cosmetic results. We performed endoscopic transnasal reduction surgery without external incision in 12 cases of medial blowout fracture under local anesthesia. The fractured bony fragments were removed after the intranasal ethmoidectomy and the entrapped medial rectus was released. And then a sheet of silicone late or uncinate process were placed on the fracture site. For the maintain of the position of fractured wall, Merocel packing or urinary ballon catheter were used in orbital fracture site for 1-3 weeks. There were no specific complications related to this procedure. Result of the surgery in all cases were satisfactory. In this article, we discussed the surgical procedure, the benifit of the transnasal endoscopic approach, the indications for surgery, and possible comlications.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Catheters ; Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures ; Silicones

In the East, Probably one of the most commonly performed esthetic operation is the piercing of the earlobes for earring. the complication of this procedure includes infection, the formation of the hypertrophic scar or keloid, and tearing. Keloid formation is one of the disaterous common complications of the ear piercing. the patients regard the keloid as a cosmetic blemish and they complain that they cannot wear earrings. We have experienced 5 patients of earlobe keloid complicated from piercing of the earlobes. We used intralestional steroid njection, in conjunction with surgical excision and pressure therapy for treatment of the keloid. Among various techniques for reconstructing a piercing, we chose modified Pardue's method for artificial earlobe cleft after wide excision of the keloid. the result was good and satisfactory without any complication after 4 to 24 months of follow-up. the purpose of this paper is to present a simple method of treatment of the earlobe keloid with preservation of the perforation for an earring.
Body Piercing ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Ear* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keloid*

The determination of proliferative activity in the colorectal mucosa has been used for different purposes as the estimation of cancer risk and the assessment of disease activity in ulcerative colitis. But the prognostic significance of proliferative activity in colorectal carcinomas remains controversial. To investigate the prognostic significance of proliferative activity in colorectal carcinomas, the author estimated the proliferative activity immunohisto chemically using the monoclonal antibody PCNA and compared with clinicopathological data in 62 colorectal carcinomas. The results were as follows: 1) The reactivity of PCNA was more pronounced at the infiltrative margins of the tumors and tumor cells within the vascular or lymphatic channels. 2) The mean PCNA index of colorectal carcinomas was 40.5?0.4%. PCNA indices had positive correlations with lymph node invasion(p<0.05), liver, metastasis(p<0.05), Dukes' stage(p<0.01) and TNM classification(p<0.01), and didn't correlated with location of tumor, size of tumor, histological type and lymphtic or vascular invasion. 3) The patients with high PCNA index(more than 45%) represented higher recurrence or metastasis rate(37.5%) than those with low PCNA index (less than 45%)(19.3%) in Dukes B or C colorectal carcinomas during the follow-up periods, but not significant statistically. These results suggested that the reactivity of PCNA may be a useful prognostic factors in colorectal carcinomas.
Neoplasm Metastasis

A 25-year-old woman transferred to pain clinic complaining of severe throbbing eye ball pain, eyelid edema and severe tearing in her left eye under the diagnosis of herpes zoster ophthalmicus that was developed 3months ago. In addtion to conventional medication, she had been taken stellate ganglion block, supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve block to contol of pain, but the response was poor. So we tried to administer ketamine subcutaneously, because not only ketamine, NMDA receptor antagonist, played a significant role to reduce neuropathic pain and pain caused by nerve injury, but also she wanted to work in her office during the treatment. We used subcutaneous ketamine 3 mg/hr (0.06 mg/kg/hr) in patient with postherpetic neuralgia of the ophthalmic nerve, and accomplished almost complete pain relief without any sign of side effect.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Eyelids ; Female ; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ; Humans ; Infusions, Subcutaneous* ; Ketamine* ; N-Methylaspartate ; Nerve Block ; Neuralgia ; Neuralgia, Postherpetic* ; Ophthalmic Nerve* ; Pain Clinics ; Pain Management* ; Stellate Ganglion

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Use of ESWL has made many changes in the treatment of urinary trat stones. However, the treatment of the stone below the iliac crest was not possible owing to the arrangement of the apparatus and the location of the stone within the bony pelvis. For solving the problem, we selected 5 patients having mid ureteral stone. They were placed in prone position and administered shockwave from 500 times to 2600 times. The result was 3 patients had no residual stone and 2 patients showed decreased size of stones in follow-up examinations. All the patients showed no specific complication. The ESWL is able to disintegrate mid ureteral stone by using the change of patient`s position and avoiding the shield of bone around the stone.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pelvis ; Prone Position ; Ureter*