This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lecithin, mono-glyceride and mono-diglyceride on apparent total tract and ileal nutrient digestibilities in nursery pigs. Twenty [(Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc] barrows were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet: soy oil), 2) LO (lecithin 0.5%), 3) MO (mono-glyceride 0.5%), 4) MG (mono-glyceride 1.0%) and 5) MDG (mono-diglyceride 1.0%). In apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) digestibilities of MDG treatments were higher than LO and MG treatments (p<0.05). In nitrogen (N) digestibility, LO treatment showed the lowest compared to others (p<0.05). The digestibility of crude fat was higher in MDG treatment than CON and LO treatments (p<0.05). In apparent ileal nutrient digestibility, DM digestibility was higher in MDG treatment than LO and MG treatments (p<0.05). GE digestibility was higher in MDG treatment than LO, MO and MG treatments (p<0.05). N digestibility of MDG treatment was greater than LO treatment (p<0.05). Also, the digestibility of crude fat was higher in MDG treatment than CON and LO treatments (p<0.05). In conclusion, mono-diglyceride can increase apparent total tract nutrient and apparent ileal nutrient digestibilities of DM, GE, N and crude fat.
Lecithins ; Nitrogen ; Nurseries ; Swine

It is a gel type high functional toothpaste containing vitamin C, E, propolis extract and the rest of herb with a nanoemulsion state. Vitamin C, E is known as the material with an eminent anti-oxidation effect. Propolis is known as the material with an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect. We have been succeeding in making nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis through the high pressure homogenizer using stable oil and lecithin and the gel type high functional tooth paste were made from nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis. We observed the process of wound protecting effect and cure effect for a wound of soft tissue, gingival tissue and mucous membrane showing ulcer and inflammation in oral cavity after applying a gel type high functional toothpaste to patient. As a result, the wound were healed very fast and any side effects were not shown. We confirmed that a gel type high functional toothpaste with nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis extract has good effect not only for wound healing but also for treatment of ulcer-like lesion in oral cavity. So we report our cases with review of literatures.
Ascorbic Acid ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lecithins ; Mouth ; Mucous Membrane ; Propolis ; Tooth* ; Toothpastes ; Ulcer ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (pLCAT) and erythrocyte membrane Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase ase (emNaKATPs) activity have a correlation in breast cancer. This study compared these parameters at time points before and after treatment with radiotherapy. METHODS: The levels of pLCAT and emNaKATPs were assessed in 30 patients with breast carcinoma and 20 control subjects. While emNaKATPs was measured with spectrophotometric method, pLCAT levels was measured using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: pLCAT levels, both before and after radiotherapy, were found to be decreased in breast cancer patients than in the controls groups (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Also, pLCAT levels after radiotherapy were found to be decreased in breast cancer patients than the pLCAT levels before radiotherapy (p<0.001). The emNaKATPs activity were higher in the control group than in the breast cancer patients before/after radiotherapy (RT) (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). At the same time, emNaKATPs activity before RT was higher in the breast cancer patients than emNaKATPs activity after RT (p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between pLCAT and emNaKATPs activity in breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy (r=0.63, p<0.001), but no correlation between in breast cancer patients before RT and control group (r=0.023, p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study demonstrated that decreased pLCAT and emNaKATPs activity levels in breast cancer patients after/before RT than control group. In addition, decreased emNaKATPs activity in breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy may be due to decreased pLCAT concentrations and RT beam. In our opinion, altered activities of pLCAT and emNaKATPs are linked to the treatment effect of radiotherapy. These data may clarify the development of cell membrane dysfunction and lipid metabolism in breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Membrane ; Cholesterol ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; Humans ; Lecithins ; Lipid Metabolism ; Plasma ; Sterol O-Acyltransferase

This study sought to clarify the molecular location and the interaction between mitoxantrone and mitoxantrone transforsomes. The anthraquinone of mitoxantrone, a heterocyclic ring that intercalates in the lipid of bilayer, was determined by UV-spectrophotometry and electron probes scan microscopy. Two aminoethylamino side-chains of the drugs fit to the phosphates of lecithin were determined by 8-value, thus the interaction with lecithin was substantiated. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that mitoxantrone has remarkable stabilizing effect on the mitoxantrone transforsomes membrane. The mitoxantrone binds tightly to lecithin. So a high degree of encapsulation efficiency and the sustained-release character of mitoxantrone transforsomes are verified.
Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Lecithins ; chemistry ; Mitoxantrone ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy and safety of Guihuang Formula (GHF) in treating patients with type III prostatitis and Chinese medicine syndrome of dampness-heat and blood stasis. METHODS: Sixty-six patients diagnosed with type III prostatitis with dampness-heat and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into the treatment group (GHF) and the control group (tamsulosin) using a random number table, with 33 cases each group. The treatment group received GHF twice a day, and the control group received tamsulosin 0.2 mg once daily before bedtime. Patients in both groups received treatment for 6 weeks and was followed up for 2 weeks. The outcomes included the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score, Chinese Medicine Symptoms Score (CMSS), expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: After treatment, the NIH-CPSI total score and domain scores of pain discomfort, urination and quality of life decreased significantly from the baseline in both groups (P<0.05). The CMSS score decreased in both groups (P<0.05). The WBC count decreased and lecithin body count increased in both groups (P<0.05). GHF showed a more obvious advantage in reducing the pain discomfort and quality of life domain scores of NIH-CPSI, reducing the CMSS score, increasing the improvement rate of the WBC and lecithin body counts, compared with the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in decreasing urination domain score of NIH-CPSI between two groups (P>0.05). In addition, no serious AEs were observed. CONCLUSION GHF is effective in treating type III prostatitis patients with dampness-heat and blood stasis syndrome without serious AEs. (Registration No. ChiCTR1900026966).
Chronic Disease ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Lecithins ; Male ; Pain ; Prostatitis/drug therapy* ; Quality of Life ; Tamsulosin

Epidemiological data clearly show the existence of a strong inverse correlation between plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and the incidence of coronary heart disease. This relation is explained by a number of atheroprotective properties of HDL, first of all the ability to promote macrophage cholesterol transport. HDL are highly heterogeneous and are continuously remodeled in plasma thanks to the action of a number of proteins and enzymes. Among them, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) plays a crucial role, being the only enzyme able to esterify cholesterol within lipoproteins. LCAT is synthetized by the liver and it has been thought to play a major role in reverse cholesterol transport and in atheroprotection. However, data from animal studies, as well as human studies, have shown contradictory results. Increased LCAT concentrations are associated with increased HDL-C levels but not necessarily with atheroprotection. On the other side, decreased LCAT concentration and activity are associated with decreased HDL-C levels but not with increased atherosclerosis. These contradictory results confirm that HDL-C levels per se do not represent the functionality of the HDL system.
Animals ; Atherosclerosis* ; Cholesterol* ; Coronary Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lecithins* ; Lipoproteins* ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Liver ; Macrophages ; Plasma ; Sterol O-Acyltransferase*

BACKGROUND: The dimorphic yeast, Candida albicans, is considered as a dangerous opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. Several phospholipases of C. albicans are known to be secreted into the culture medium. Phospholipases have been proposed as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Candida infections. OBJECTIVE: In order to investigate enzyme production, we examined culture condition of secreted phospholipase production from C. albicans. METHODS: C. albicans ATCC 10231 was cultivated in various media at 37 degrees C for 3 days. Phospholipase activity was measured by fatty acid soap precipitation in plate containing 0.04% lecithin, 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.2 and 1.5% noble agar. RESULTS: Phospholipase was highly induced when C. albicans was cultivated in broth medium (containing glucose 2%, albumin 0.2% and Fe++ ion 0.01%) and Saboulaud's dextrose agar supplemented with 0.01% sodium deoxycholate. CONCLUSION: Highly induction of secreted phospholipase by albumin from C albicans may be play an important role in tissue invasion in the pathogenesis of C. albicans.
Agar ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Citric Acid ; Deoxycholic Acid ; Glucose ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunocompromised Host ; Lecithins ; Phospholipases* ; Soaps ; Virulence ; Yeasts

BACKGROUND: Glutaraldehyde is used most commonly as a high-level disinfectant for semicritical patient-care equipments. However, its potential toxicity to healthcare workers and a long exposure time needed to kill mycobacteria can be problematic. Recently, Perasafe(R) (Antec International, UK) has been introduced in the market as a safe and very effective disinfectant. This study was to evaluate the efficacy of Perasafe(R) against not only bacteria and yeast but also mycobacteria and bacterial spores and compare it with glutaraldehyde. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Bacillus subtilis were used for the test. Perasafe(R) and Cidex(R) were used at the final concentration of 1.62% and 2.25%, respectively; the disinfectants were neutralized by Tween 80 (0.5%) in the mycobacterial test and by lecithin (0.75%) in all other tests. Bacterial suspensions were made in phosphate buffer with or without fetal bovine serum (1%) to simulate dirty or clean conditions, respectively. The disinfectants were tested at 0, 24 and 48 hr of preparation to check stability. An effective disinfectant activity was defined as a 5 log10 reduction in viable counts. RESULTS: E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C albicans were effectively disinfected in less than 5 min by both Perasafe(R) and Cidex(R) and the both disinfectants remained equally effective under the dirty conditions or at 48 hr of preparation. Perasafe(R) was effective in 1 min against B. subtilis spores compared to Cidex(R) which took 30 min for the same activity. M. tuberculosis was effectively disinfected in 10 min by Perasafe(R) and 20 min by Cidex(R). CONCLUSIONS: Perasafe(R) showed greater tuberculocidal and sporicidal activities than Cidex(R), although both disinfectants were equally effective against common bacterial and yeast pathogens. Perasafe(R) may be an outstanding high-level disinfectant for endoscopes and other semicritical medical equipment.
Bacillus subtilis ; Bacteria* ; Candida albicans ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disinfectants ; Endoscopes ; Escherichia coli ; Glutaral ; Lecithins ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Polysorbates ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Spores ; Spores, Bacterial* ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Suspensions ; Tuberculosis ; Yeasts*

PURPOSE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the factors regulating angiogenesis. For angiogenesis, the local concentration of VEGF has to be maintained. Because of its short half-life, VEGF has been conjugated with nanoparticles. Some nanoparticles, such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)) or polyethylenimine (PEI) are commonly used in this field, but have weak points such as faster release than expected and cell toxicity. We investigated the effect of core/shell nanoparticles including lecithin lipid cores in the ischemic hindlimb model. METHODS: Mice were anesthetized and a region of the common femoral artery and vein was ligated and excised. Hindlimb ischemic mice (n=28) were divided randomly into four groups: Control group (normal saline, n=7), mouse VEGF group (mVEGF, n=7), nanoparticle including mVEGF group (N-mVEGF, n=7), and nanoparticle/hydrogel mouse VEGF group (NH-mVEGF, n=7). The drug was injected postoperatively into the thigh muscle of the ischemic limb. Perfusion, capillary number and H&E stain were assessed 28 d after treatment. RESULTS: The capillary number increased in N-mVEGF and mVEGF group (P=0.026). Improvements of ischemic limb perfusion were inferior in N-mVEGF, NH-mVEGF groups (P=0.006) compared to other groups. Mice received N-mVEGF, NH-mVEGF treatment showed significant inflammation in the H&E staining. CONCLUSION: Sustained VEGF delivery via core/shell nanoparticle with lecithin core did not show improved perfusion rate despite an increase in capillary number. Furthermore, vacuolization and induction of inflammation requiring a different composition of nanoparticle should be tested.
Animals ; Capillaries ; Extremities ; Femoral Artery ; Half-Life ; Hindlimb ; Inflammation ; Lecithins ; Mice ; Muscles ; Nanoparticles ; Perfusion ; Polyethyleneimine ; Thigh ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Veins

OBJECTIVETo prepare tanshinone transfersome (TTs) and evaluate its deformability.

METHODSThe transfersomes were prepared by film dispersion method followed by sonication, and their physical properties, morphology, content, entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity, and Zeta potential were investigated. The stability and deformability of TTs were studied. Liposomes with different molar ratios of cholate and lecithin were compared for their permeability under external pressure.

RESULTSThe prepared TF were spherical vesicles with content of 1.0192+/-0.075 mg/ml, entrapment efficiency of (62.3+/-0.08)%, particle size of 110 nm, polydispersity of 0.19 and Zate potential of -15.0 mV. The TTs remained stable during light-proof preservation for 3 months at 4 degrees C, and sodium cholate contributed to the flexibility of the lecithin vesicles.

CONCLUSIONTTs prepared by film dispersion method has good entrapment efficiency and stability. The vesicles possess high deformability in relation to the molar ratio of sodium cholate to lecithin and the external pressure.

Diterpenes, Abietane ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Lecithins ; chemistry ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Particle Size ; Phenanthrenes ; chemistry ; Sodium Cholate ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Temperature