Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.

Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.

Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.

Abstract: - （ ） ， Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are common occupational diseases in construction workers which have a high prevalence rate and involve a large number of construction workers. WMSDs affect daily work and quality of life of ， patients leading to absenteeism and burden. The main body parts of construction workers suffering from WMSDs are lower back/ ， ， ， ， ， waist neck shoulder knee elbow and hand/wrist and most of the patients are complicated in multiple sites. The prevalence ， of WMSDs varies by site with the lower back/waist being the most common sites. The influencing factors of WMSDs in （ ， ， ， ， ， construction workers mainly include individual factors age years of work gender smoking status sleep habits physical ， ）， （ ， ， ， fitness and physical exercise etc. occupational factors work load job type working posture work organization and ， ） management working environment and social psychological factors. The incidence of WMSDs is the result of multiple factors. ， ， Therefore tertiary prevention is the key to the prevention and control of WMSDs especially the etiological prevention. Chinese ， construction industry is in the period of rapid development and the demand of construction workers is large. It is urgent to carry out epidemiological and intervention studies on WMSDs for construction workers to guide the formulation of relevant guidelines and measures for prevention and control of WMSDs.

Identification accuracy of traditional Chinese medicine is crucial for the traditional Chinese medicine research, production and application. DNA barcoding based on the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), are more and more used for identification of traditional Chinese medicine. Using universal barcoding primers to sequence, we discussed the feasibility of DNA barcoding method for identification commonly-used medicinal snakes (a total of 109 samples belonging to 19 species 15 genera 6 families). The phylogenetic trees using Neighbor-joining were constructed. The results indicated that the mean content of G + C(46.5%) was lower than that of A + T (53.5%). As calculated by Kimera-2-parameter model, the mean intraspecies genetic distance of Trimeresurus albolabris, Ptyas dhumnades and Lycodon rufozonatus was greater than 2%. Further phylogenetic relationship results suggested that identification of one sample of T. albolabris was erroneous. The identification of some samples of P. dhumnades was also not correct, namely originally P. korros was identified as P. dhumnades. Factors influence on intraspecific genetic distance difference of L. rufozonatus need to be studied further. Therefore, DNA barcoding for identification of medicinal snakes is feasible, and greatly complements the morphological classification method. It is necessary to further study in identification of traditional Chinese medicine.
Animals ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Reptilian Proteins ; genetics ; Snakes ; classification ; genetics

This study was aimed to investigate the correlation between HLA gene distribution and allele frequency of the patients with leukemia. PCR-SSP technique was used to detect the HLA genotype of 2994 umbilical cord blood units from healthy newborns (as control), the detecting result of which was compared with HLA genotypes of 1246 patients with leukemia searched in our cord blood bank. The differences between two groups were compared and analyzed. The results indicated that as compared with the control group, the allele frequencies of HLA-B*56 (0.56%), B*70 (0.24%) obviously increased (RR = 2.2546, 6.2598, χ(2) = 5, 5.98, P < 0.05), while the allele frequencies of HLA-A*03 (3.45%), A*30 (4.86%), B*13 (8.75%), B44* (3.25%), B61* (5.70%), DRB1*07 (8.23%), DRB1*15 (14.21%) obviously decreased in patients with leukemia (RR = 0.5889, 0.7187, 0.7359, 0.5713, 0.7127, 0.6242, 0.7976, χ(2) = 19.23, 9.82, 14.33, 20.48, 11.99, 33.21, 11.56, P < 0.01). It is concluded that HLA-B*56, B*70 alleles seem to be characterized by the genetic susceptibility to leukemia and may be served as risk markers for leukemia occurrence, while the HLA-A*03, A*30, B*13, B*44, B*61, DRB1*07, DRB1*15 can be considered as genetic indicators for resistance of leukemia.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; HLA-A Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the presence of abnormal metabolism in the thalamus and hypothalamus in patients with first-episode depression.

METHODSThirty drug-naive patients with first-episode depression and 30 age-matched controls were scanned with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) for Naa, Cho, Cr and mI.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the patients showed significantly reduced mI and mI/Cr of the hypothalamus, reduced mI/Cr of the left thalamus, and lowered Cho, ml, and ml/Cr of the right thalamus (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPatients with first-episode depression may have myo-inositol and phosphoric acid metabolism disorder in the thalamus and hypothalamus with malfunction of cellular osmotic pressure adjustment mechanism. Abnormal mI/Cr in the thalamus and hypothalamus may represent an important biochemical change in advanced patients with depression.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Choline ; metabolism ; Creatine ; metabolism ; Depression ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Inositol ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protons ; Thalamus ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEDietary factors that could potentially be related to the risk of birth defects are still unknown in Shanxi province, a region with high prevalence of neural tube defects(NTDs) in China. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between NTDs and local dietary factors.

METHODSA population-based case-control study was conducted during 2003-2005 in four selected counties of Shanxi province with 363 NTDs cases ascertained and 523 control babies without any external birth defects.

RESULTSBy multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found the NTDs risk was significantly associated with low consumption of meat and legume, high consumption of pickled vegetables, noncentralized supply of drinking water and drinking tea after adjusting for maternal education level and birth defects history. A significant dose response trend was found between the NTDs risk and the lower frequencies of meat and legume consumption and higher frequency of pickled vegetable consumption, with population attributable risks (PAR) of 69.4%, 22.0% and 18.5%, respectively. Mothers who got their drinking water from river or pond during periconceptional period were more likely to have a NTD-affected pregnancy [OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.44-8.09, population attributable risk (PAR) = 4.7%] compared with those who utilized tap or well water. Those who drank tea everyday had an elevated risk of having a NTD-affected pregnancy compared with those who didn't (OR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.41-15.36, PAR = 2.6%).

CONCLUSIONHigher intake of meat and legume protects a woman from having a NTD-affected pregnancy, and consumption of pickled vegetables, drinking water from river or pond and drinking tea everyday increase the risk of having such a pregnancy in the study population.

Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Meat ; Neural Tube Defects ; epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Vegetables ; Water Supply

BACKGROUNDTo understand the antigenic and genetic characteristics of Victoria like strain of influenza B virus isolated recently and to provide a scientific evidence for influenza surveillance and monitoring of influenza epidemic in future.

METHODSViruses were passed in embryonated hen eggs and virion RNA was extracted from allantoic fluid and reverse transcribed to synthesize cDNA. cDNA was amplified by PCR and the PCR product was purified with a purification kit. Afterwards RNA sequence analysis was performed by dideoxynucleotide chain termination and a cloning method. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of the sequencing data was performed with MegAlign.

RESULTSB/Sichuan/63/2001 and B/Zhejiang/2/2001 viruses were antigenically different from B/Shandong/7/97 strain. The substitution of nucleotide sequences of HA1genes of them compared with those of B/Shandong/7/97strain resulted in the change of amino acid sequences in antigenic determinants on HA1 protein domain. The phylogenetic analysis also indicated that strains isolated recently were genetically different from B/Shandong/7/97/strain. However, there was neither differences on the antigenicity nor genetic partern between these two isotates.

CONCLUSIONSThe antigenic drift of Victoria-like strain of influenza B virus isolated recently in China has further occurred.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigenic Variation ; China ; Epitopes ; Genetic Variation ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Influenza B virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

BACKGROUNDTo clarify the features of gene variation among epidemic strains of human rotavirus NSP4 in China.

METHODSSP4 genes from 27 epidemic strains of human rotavirus isolated in different area of China in recent years were amplified with RT-PCR, the resulted cDNAs were cloned and sequenced. The sequences of full length cDNAs were compared with 10 rotavirus NSP4 sequences available in the GenBank using the Clustal x 1.8 TreeView32 and DNA Star softwares. The G serotype of VP7 was analysed by PCR.

RESULTSThe homology of the amino acid among the 27 rotavirus strains isolated in China was 81.7%-99.4%. Based on the variation of amino acid sequence, the virus strains can be divided into two groups, represented by Wa and KUN with the homology of 92.0%-99.4% and 92.0%-98.9% within each group, respectively. The diversity between the two groups were 16.6%-21.0%. The Wa group could further be separated into three subgroups, according to the diversity between those strains and the characterization in the highly variable domain. The association between VP7 serotype and NSP4 genotype was not strong.

CONCLUSIONSThe NSP4 gene of human rotavirus epidemic strains in China can be divided into Wa and KUN two groups, Wa group is the main group and contains three subgroups possessing characteristic amino acid sites. Samples isolated in the same year but not in the same area shared higher homology.

Antigens, Viral ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; analysis ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Diarrhea ; virology ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Toxins, Biological ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics