Background The aspheric intraocular lenses(IOLs)can reduce ocular spherical aberration to some degree.However,the clinical effect depends more on the IOL proper alignment.It becomes more important to study the IOL position in eye,Objective This study was to analyze the position alteration of IOL after phacoemulsification combined with implantation of one-piece soft IOLs.Methods In this prospective control study,80 eyes of 40 patients with age-related cataract were enrolled.The phacoemulsification with IOL implantation was performed in all the eyes.Decentration and tilt of IOL in the nasal superior,superior temporal,inferior temporal and nasal inferior quadrants(the intersection point of the system optical axis and the IOL maximum cross plane were regarded as the ordinate origin)were measured by rotating Scheimpflug camera(Pentacam Oculus)in 3 months postoperatively under the mydriasis condition.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to this trial.Results In the right eye group,the IOL decentered toward temporal in 26 eyes(65％)and infratemporal in 16 eyes(40％).IOLs tilted temporally in the horizontal plane in 37 eyes(92.5％)and tilted inferiorly in the vertical plane in 34 eyes(85.0％).In the left eye group,IOLs decentered temporally 33 eyes(82.5％)and 20 IOLs (50％)infratemporally,IOLs tilted temporally in the horizontal plane in 37 eye(92.5％)and 36 IOLs(90％)tilted inferiorly in the vertical plane.There was no statistical difference for the intercomparsion of horizontal/vertical decentration in various quadrant in the right eye(F =0.221,0.792,P＞0.05).The obvious elevated horizontal decentration was found in the supertemporal and infratemporal quadrants compared with supernasal quadrant in the left eyes but there was no significant difference in the vertical decentration among 3 quadrants(F=0.576,P＞0.05).Decentrations were positively correlated with the tilt in both horizontal and vertical plane(right eye horizontal plane:r=0.374,P=0.002;right eye vertical plane:r=0.402,P=0.001 ;left eye horizontal plane:r=0.377,P=0.002；left eye vertical plane:r=0.347,P=0.002).Conclusions The one-piece soft IOLs(Adapt AO)decenter toward temporal mostly in 3 months after surgery,especially infratemporally in the eye.And the optical axis of the IOL tilt toward infratemperol mostly in both right and left eyes.The decentration and tilt are consisted in the corresponding direction between the right and left eyes.The position of the IOLs showed mirror symmetry between right and left eyes.The IOLs decentration show the positively correlation to tilt whatever in horizontal and vertical plane.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of cosmetic suture technique applied in organs of facial emergency surgery. Methods There were 25 patients who were admitted in our hospital from August 2009 to December 2013. After anatomical reduction and functional restoration, they were given surgery with cosmetic suture technique on the base of debridement. Results All of the patients a-chieved good surgical result, the satisfaction is 100%. After the first stage of operation, 23 patients of them were of no obvious scar and good function recovery. The other 2 patiens also got good effects after secondary surgery. Conclusion Cosmetic suture technique pay attaintion to anatomical and functional restoration. It is of equisite technique, slight injury, less scar after operation and it can maximumly get close to the normal tissue structures and achieve the objective of beauty.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of curcumin (CMN) on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in rats and explore the potential mechanisms focusing on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression.

METHODSMale SD rats (n = 24) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 each): control group (group A), diatrizoate group (DTZ, group B), DTZ + CMN group (group C), DTZ + CMN + zinc protoporphyrin IX group (group D). All rats were fed with normal chow for 1 week, right kidney was excised under anesthesia and rats were fed with normal chow for another 4 weeks. Afterwards, rats in group A was fed with normal chow, and rats in group B to D were fed with low-salt diet. All rats were injected furosemide 2 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) for 7 days intramuscularly. At the beginning of the 7(th) day, rats in group C were injected intramuscularly with CMN 20 mg/kg, rats in group D were injected with CMN (20 mg/kg) + zinc protoporphyrin IX (7.5 mg/kg) while rats in group A and B were injected with equal volume of physiological saline. At the end of the 7(th) day, indometacin (10 mg/kg) was injected into tail vein of all rats. One hour later, 60% DTZ (8 ml/kg) was injected to rats in the group B, C and D while equal volume saline was injected to rats in group A through common carotid artery. After 48 hours, blood was drawn from the hearts of deeply anesthetized rats and kidney tissue was obtained for histology, HO-1, Bax, Bcl-2 expression and the apoptotic index measurements.

RESULTSThe serum creatinine of group B, C and D [(83.67 ± 4.50) µmol/L, (63.67 ± 4.76) µmol/L, (104.17 ± 4.58) µmol/L] was significantly higher than that of group A [(41.50 ± 5.58) µmol/L, all P < 0.05], the serum creatinine was significantly higher in group B than in group C and lower than in group D (all P < 0.05). HO-1 expression of group B, C and D was significantly higher than that of group A (all P < 0.05), significantly higher in group C than in group B and D (all P < 0.05). HO-1 activity of group A, B and C was significantly higher than that of group D(all P < 0.05), HO-1 activity was significantly higher in group B than in group A and significantly lower in group B than in group C (all P < 0.05). Bax, Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis index of group B, C and D were significantly higher than that of group A (all P < 0.05), while Bcl-2/Bax of group B, C and D were significantly lower than that of group A (all P < 0.05). Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax were significantly higher while apoptosis index was significantly lower in group C than in group B (all P < 0.05). Bax and apoptosis index were significantly higher and Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax were significantly lower in group D than in group B (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCMN could protect against contrast-induced nephropathy through reducing renal cell apoptosis via upregulating HO-1 expression and activating HO-1 activity in rats.

Animals ; Contrast Media ; administration & dosage ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; metabolism ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIM: To determine whether hydroxyapatite modified titanium promotes superior adhension and proliferation of rabbit corneal fibroblast in comparison with pure titanium.METHODS: We used bioactive hydroxyapatite to modify titanium surfaces. Fourth passage fibroblasts of rabbit cornea were seeded on hydroxyapatite modified titanium surfaces, pure titanium and glass surfaces. Cell adhension, proliferation and morphology were detected at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72hours using a acridine orange stain. Further studies of cell morphology were performed using scanning electron microscopy.RESULT: Ceil counts were significantly greater on hydroxyapatite modified titanium surfaces at each time point(P＜0.05).At 24 hours, cell spreading was greater on hydroxyapatite-coated titanium and glass than on the pure titanium. At 72 hours, compared with pure titanium and glass surfaces, the cells on hydroxyapatite modified titanium surfaces had greater spreading area and longer stress fibers.CONCLUSIONS: Hydroxyapatite modified titanium promotes superior adhension and proliferation of rabbit corneal fibroblast in comparison with pure titanium.

Acetaminophen (APAP, also known as paracetamol)-induced liver injury is the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury in the world. Wuzhi Tablet (WZ, an ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera) is widely used in clinical practice to protect liver function. Our previous studies have shown that pretreatment with WZ for 3 days can significantly protect against APAP-induced liver injury; however, the effect of different intervals between APAP and WZ treatment on APAP-induced liver injury remains unclear. In this study, the change in liver injury indexes, APAP metabolites, and the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes after treatment with WZ and APAP at different intervals were determined. The animal experiment was reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen University. The results show that 0 h, 0.5 h, and 2 h pretreatment with WZ significantly protected against APAP-induced liver injury in mice, as evidenced by a significant decrease in biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malonaldehyde (MDA). WZ inhibited the metabolic activation of APAP mediated by CYP450 enzymes and reduced the formation of APAP metabolites. This study further demonstrates that pretreatment with WZ at different intervals (0 h, 0.5 h, and 2 h before APAP dosing) exerts a significant hepatoprotective effect against APAP-induced liver injury, and a single-dose of WZ inhibits the activity of CYP450 enzymes related to APAP metabolic activation, thereby protecting against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of intraperitoneal transplantation of microencapsulated HepG2 cells in rats with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD).

METHODSHLD was induced by copper-overloaded diet with forage containing 1 g/kg copper sulfate and water with 0.185% copper sulfate for 12 weeks in rats. One hundred and twenty three-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly intraperitoneal injected with normal saline (NS), microencapsulated HepG2 cells or non-microencapsulated HepG2 cells 9 weeks after copper-overloaded diet. Blood or liver samples were obtained at five time points: 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplantation (n=8). The other 8 rats receiving normal diet were used as the control group. Serum levels of ALT, AST, albumin and Cu and liver Cu contents were measured.

RESULTSSerum ALT, AST and Cu levels and liver Cu contents in the NS-treated HLD, microencapsulated HepG2 cells and non-microencapsulated HepG2 cells transplantation groups increased significantly at all time points, in contrast, serum albumin levels decreased significantly in the NS-treated HLD and non-microencapsulated HepG2 cells transplantation groups compared with those in the control group at all time points (P<0.05), but serum albumin levels in the microencapsulated HepG2 cells transplantation restored to the level of the control group 28 days after transplantation. Serum ALT, AST and Cu levels and liver Cu contents in the microencapsulated HepG2 cells and non-microencapsulated HepG2 cells transplantation groups were significantly lower, in contrast, albumin levels were higher than those in the NS-treated HLD group on almost time points (P<0.05). Serum levels of ALT, AST and Cu and liver Cu contents in the microencapsulated HepG2 cells transplantation group decreased 7 or 14 days after transplantation, while serum albumin levels increased significantly 14 days after transplantation compared with those in the non-microencapsulated HepG2 cells transplantation group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIntraperitoneal transplantation of microencapsulated HepG2 cells can relieve hepatic damage, reduce serum and liver Cu levels, and improve copper metabolism, therefore it is promising for the treatment of HLD.

Animals ; Copper ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; Liver ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in cerebral oxygenation responses between the infants born preterm and full-term infants and to evaluate the early cognitive ability of infants born preterm.

METHODSCerebral oxygenation after light stimulation was detected by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in preterm infants at 3 or 6 months corrected gestational age (GA). The results were compared with those of age-matched infants born at term.

RESULTSThe start and peak response time of cerebral oxygenation occurring after light stimulation in preterm infants at 3 months corrected GA was 17.2 +/- 5.2 and 38.4 +/- 9.6 seconds respectively, which were significantly longer than in age-matched term infants (13.1 +/- 2.7 and 28.9 +/- 5.0 seconds respectively) (P < 0.05). The maximum response value of hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin and regional oxygen saturation of the preterm infants at 3 months corrected GA was (1.2 +/- 0.5)%, (1.5 +/- 0.6)%, and (1.3 +/- 0.4)% respectively , which were significantly lower than that of the term infants [(2.3 +/- 0.3)%, (2.8 +/- 0.3)% and (2.4 +/- 0.5)% respectively] (P < 0.05). Cerebral oxygenation responses to light stimulation in preterm infants examined at 6 months corrected GA were not significantly different from age-matched term infants.

CONCLUSIONSCerebral oxygenation responses to light stimulation in infants born preterm at 3 months corrected GA are not as good as age-matched term infants, but were close to the level of age-matched term infants at 6 months corrected GA. This suggests that the early cognitive ability of preterm infants before 3 months corrected GA might fall behind age-matched term infants.

Brain ; metabolism ; Cognition ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Photic Stimulation ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of congenital choledochal cysts (CCC). Methods: This retrospective study recruited 52 cases who were antenatally diagnosed with CCC and underwent surgical treatment after birth in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from January 2013 to August 2018, with complete clinical data. According to the enlargement of cysts during pregnancy, they were divided into two groups: progressive group (≥15 mm, 22) and stable group (<15 mm, 30). Antenatal and postpartum ultrasound and MRI features of the two groups were analyzed. Clinical manifestations and biochemical examination results before and after operation were compared between the two groups. Other data, including amylase level in cyst fluid during operation, cholangiography findings, liver biopsy results, and post-operation follow-up, were also analyzed. Chi-square test, t (t') test, and Pearson correlations tests were performed for data analysis. Results: (1) The average age of the 52 patients at operation was 46(7-822) d. The cysts of all cases were first detected during 19-21 weeks of gestation. The maximum diameter of the cyst in the progressive group was larger than that in the stable group after 34 weeks of pregnancy [31-34 weeks: (31.1±8.4) vs (23.1±6.6) mm, t=3.911; >34 weeks: (36.1±6.8) vs (27.1±7.3) mm, t=4.557; pre-operation: (51.8±18.0) vs (34.0±15.6) mm, t=3.809; all P<0.01]. (2) In the progressive group, the cysts were irregular in shape and enlarged after birth. The common hepatic duct and intrahepatic bile duct were dilated and gradually distended after birth, while the distal end of the common bile duct was narrowed, thus to form a cone-like duct. Deposits could be seen inside the cysts after delivery. Irregular cysts were also presented in the stable group, and five of them had dilatation of common hepatic duct and intrahepatic bile duct after birth. However, no cone-like formation was seen, the distal end of the common bile duct was visible, and deposits in cysts were occasionally found. (3) Twenty-five patients underwent laparotomy, and seven of them showed increased amylase level in cyst fluid including four with 2-5 times above the upper limit of normal value (one in the progressive group and three in the stable group). The other three cases were all in the stable group and their amylase levels in cyst fluid were more than ten times of the upper limit. The level of direct bilirubin in the progressive group was higher than that in the stable group before the operation [18.40(2.50-113.30) vs 8.70(0.00-16.80) μmol/L, u=2.400, P<0.05]. (4) Among the 52 cases, patients with type Ⅰ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ cyst accounted for 71.1% (37/52), 26.9% (14/52) and 2.0% (1/52), respectively. All cases were followed up regularly six months to one year after the operation. Liver function and bilirubin became normal and the growth and development of the babies were similar to those of the same age. (5) Different degrees of liver fibrosis and inflammation were shown in 46(88.5%) cases and more severe in older babies among those who underwent surgery in the progressive group. The time at operation was not associated with the severity of liver fibrosis and inflammation in the stable group. Hepatic fibrosis and inflammation were more serious in the progressive group than in the stable group (fibrosis grading: χ²=14.260, P=0.006; inflammatory activity grading: χ²=9.904, P=0.019). Conclusions Larger diameter (≥30 mm) in the initial prenatal examination or a significant increase in cystic diameter (≥15 mm) during pregnancy are risk factors for early stenosis or occlusion in the distal end of common bile duct requiring close follow-up after birth. When jaundice or abnormal liver function occur and stool color becomes light, early surgical treatment (one to two months after birth, generally within three months) for CCC is recommended to rule out the anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary duct and hepatic disorders, as well as the cystic biliary atresia.

BACKGROUND:The mechanism underlying Wal erian degeneration fol owing peripheral nerve injury is complex. Immune regulation on Wal erian degeneration is beneficial for early repair of perpheral nerve injury.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Tol-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist on Wal erian degeneration and axonal regeneration after early peripheral nerve injury in rats.
METHODS:Fifty male Wistar rats were recruited and randomly divided into treatment group (n=20), model group (n=20) and sham group (n=10). The right sciatic nerves of rats in treatment and model groups were cut and sutured end-to-end, while the sciatic nerves of rats in sham group were only exposed. In the treatment group rats were intravenously injected with 0.15 mg/kg TAK-242 via tail vein 1 hour preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively, and the rats in the other two groups were given intravenous injection of the same volume of normal saline. The sciatic nerves were removed at 24 hours, 3, 4 and 7 days after surgery.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Real-time PCR indicated that the mRNA expressions of interleukin-1βand monocyte chemoattractant-1 were significantly increased in the model group compared with the sham group at 24 hours after surgery (both P<0.001), while the expressions were significantly decreased after TAK-242 injection (both P<0.001). Immunofluorescence showed that compared with the model group, down-regulated expression of CD68+and iba1+cel s appeared in the treatment group at 3 days after surgery (P<0.01, P<0.05). Luxol fast blue staining revealed that demyelination at the sciatic nerve stump appeared in both model and treatment groups at postoperative 7 days, but myelin debris clearance in the treatment group was significantly reduced compared with the model group (P<0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that a lot of inflammatory cel s, Schwann cells and regenerated nerve fibers at the sciatic nerve stump were found in the model group, while there were few inflammatory cells, Schwann cel s and regenerated nerve fibers in the treatment group at 7 days after surgery. Immunohistochemistry found that the expression of growth-associated protein-43 in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the model group at 4 days postoperatively (P<0.05). Besides, compared with the model group, a significantly decreased sciatic functional index was found in the treatment group at 20, 30 and 40 days after surgery (P<0.05). These results show that TLR4 antagonists delay early nerve regeneration in rats after sciatic nerve injury probably by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway.

Objective To optimize the preparation of nanoparticles (NP) encapsulating antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) and investigate the effects on inhibition of C6 glioma cells. Methods ASODN coated in NT were prepared by interfacial polymerization of butyleyanoacrylate (BCA). Inverted microscope was used to observe the viability of C6 cells transfected by free ASODN, ASODN in NP, ASODN-NP (ASODN sticking to NP) and BCA-NP, respectively. Cell cycle of C6 cells was studied by flow cytometry (FCM), and CCK-8 assay was performed to examine the cytotoxicity and proliferation of C6 cells. Results Compared with the control group, all groups, except BCA-NP group, after transfection with NPs appeared cell morphological changes; C6 cells were detached from the matrix, the cell density was reduced and the cell viability was poor; ASODN in NP group was most significant in a time-dependent manner. The cell cycle in ASODN-in-NP group varied obviously compared with the BCA-NP group, and the number of the cells in the GO/GI phase was increased and the cell number in S phase was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results of CCK-8 assay showed that all groups, but BCA-NP group, produced the inhibition of the cell proliferation to different degrees, and the inhibitory effect was increased with the final concentration increment, especially remarkably in ASODN-in-NP group (P<0.05). Conclusion ASODN in NP can inhibit the proliferation and cause cell cycle changes of C6 cells effectively after transfected with ASODN in NP, exerting significantly growth inhibitory effect on C6 glioma cells.