AIM To test if "adventitium-derived relaxing factor"(ADRF) possesses species- and tissue-specificity and make preliminary research on proteins separated from the bath solution. METHODS Record the tension of aortic ring with and without periadventitial fat, induced by phenylephrine(Phe) and analyze the proteins extracted from the bath solution with SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. RESULTS ① In Sprague-Dawley rats, the concentration-response curve of Phe to rings without the periadventitial fat shifted to rightward, as compared to the curve of the intact aortic rings, which means periadventitial fat can reduce the contraction induced by Phe. The same phenomena as the above could be found in aortic ring of Wistar rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. ② Moreover, the contraction induced by Phe was obviously reduced by moving adipose tissue from greater omentum into the bath solution. ③ The release of ADRF was strongly reduced by 10 μmol·L-1 genistein (tyrosine kinase inhibitor). But the effect of existed ADRF could not be counterposed by genistein. ④ Five protein bands were separated from the bath solution, with relative molecular mass 74.0, 59.8, 54.4, 28.7 and 13.8 ku. CONCLUSION ① ADRF is a non-species specific factor. ② The entire name of ADRF should change from "adventitium-derived relaxing factor" to "adipocyte-derived relaxing factor". ③ Some proteins which may include ADRF are separated from the bath solution.

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Yunüjian granules. Methods:Rehmannia glutinosa, rhizoma anemar-rhenae and achyranthes in the granules were identified by TLC. The HPLC method was adopted. A SunfireTM C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) was used with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0. 1% acetic acid solution(16∶84) at the column tempera-ture of 30 ℃. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 ,the detection wavelength was 334nm, and the imjection volume was 10 μl. Results:The TLC spots of verbascoside, and sarsasapogenin in rhizoma anemarrhenae and cyasterone in achyranthes were quite clear with good seperation. The linear range of verbascoside was within the range of 0.163-0.612 μg(r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 101. 3%(RSD=2. 7%,n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple, reliable and accurate, and can be applied in the quality control of Ynnüjian granules.

Objective To explore clinical characters of type 1 diabetes mellitus with different serum potassium levels in children and adolescent.Methods One hundred and seventy-five patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were reviewed,they were divided into 3 groups according to the serum potassium level.The patients whose serum potassium

Objective To explore the relationship of estradiol(E_2),monoamine neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),dopamine(DA)and postpartum depression.Methods Totally 342 women within 42 days after childbirth were assessed with Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS),Beck depression inventory(BDI),and general health questionnaire(GHQ).Above or equal to 13 of overall score of EPDS was the diagnosis standard of postpartum depression,and the women tested were divided into depression group and normal group accordingly,using the reagent box of radio immunoassay to test estradiol and 5-HT and DA level in the serum.Results(1)Incidence:the incidence of postpartum depression was 16.7%(57/342).The highest incidence occurred in patients above 35(22.2%);the incidence among women under 23 years old was lowest(12.5%),with a significant difference between them(P0.05). Conclusions Evaluation scales such as EPDS,BDI,and GHQ should be used to screen for postpartum depression.The measurement of estradiol and monoamine neurotransmitter(5-HT,DA)level can be used as biological objective indicators for prevention and treatment of postpartum depression.

To enhance the scientific research participation of the medical postgraduates, and pro-mote core competitiveness of the medical colleges, based on analysis of the necessity of patent application in medical colleges postgraduate, we constructed the teaching teams including the medical professors, patent engineers, graduate teaching manager, and science and technology managers. The problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) as teaching methods were used in practice. The patent courses included the reference search and analysis, basic knowledge of patent law, and patent application training module were constructed; and the teaching effect were evaluated and optimized through the scores of the patent basic theory test, research output, and the training of the patent application. The patent course of the medi-cal postgraduates provides a reference for cultivating the compound talents have scientific research innova-tion and patent application capability.

Objective To study the sensitivity and specificity of a double monoclonal antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DMcAbS-ELISA)for the detection of F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis (Y.pestis).Methods Viscera (viz.liver and spleen)specimens of infected mice with virulent Y.pestis and negative control mice were detected by bacteriological test,DMcAbS-ELISA and reverse indirect hemagglutination assay (RIHA) for the F1 antigen.Results The 225 control specimens were all negative tested by plague bacteriology testing,DMcAbS-ELISA and RIHA.A total of 308 plague-infected mouse organ specimens were tested,and the positive detection rate was 92.21％ (284/308),90.91％(280/308) and 89.61％ (276/308),respectively,with germiculture,DMcAbS-ELISA and RIHA,and the difference was not statistically significant(x2=5.65,P＞0.05).The coincidence rate of DMcAbS-ELISA and bacterial culture was 97.00％[(274+243)/533],Kappa =0.940;RIHA in line with the rate was 99.25％[(276+253)/533],Kappa =0.985.Authenticity comparison of F1 antigen detection in viscera specimens:sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,adjusted agreement and Youden's index was 96.48％(274/284),97.59％(243/249),97.86％ (274/280),96.05 ％(243/253),96.99％[1/4×(274/280+274/284+243/253+243/249)]and 0.9407,respectively,for DMcAbS-ELISA and 96.13％(273/284),98.80％(246/249),98.91％(273/276),95.72％(246/257),97.39％[1/4×(273/276+273/284+246/257±246/249)]and 0.9492,respectively,for RIHA.The detection sensitivity of DMcAbS-ELISA and RIHA was 2.7×104 cfu/ml and 2.2×105 cfu/ml,for Y.pestis,respectively,and was 10 μg/L for F1 antigen.Conclusions DMcAbS-ELISA assay is a sensitive,specific,simple and fast method for detection of the F1 antigen,and it has a potential application value in rapid diagnosis of plague.

Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome ; diagnosis

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of congenital choledochal cysts (CCC). Methods: This retrospective study recruited 52 cases who were antenatally diagnosed with CCC and underwent surgical treatment after birth in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from January 2013 to August 2018, with complete clinical data. According to the enlargement of cysts during pregnancy, they were divided into two groups: progressive group (≥15 mm, 22) and stable group (<15 mm, 30). Antenatal and postpartum ultrasound and MRI features of the two groups were analyzed. Clinical manifestations and biochemical examination results before and after operation were compared between the two groups. Other data, including amylase level in cyst fluid during operation, cholangiography findings, liver biopsy results, and post-operation follow-up, were also analyzed. Chi-square test, t (t') test, and Pearson correlations tests were performed for data analysis. Results: (1) The average age of the 52 patients at operation was 46(7-822) d. The cysts of all cases were first detected during 19-21 weeks of gestation. The maximum diameter of the cyst in the progressive group was larger than that in the stable group after 34 weeks of pregnancy [31-34 weeks: (31.1±8.4) vs (23.1±6.6) mm, t=3.911; >34 weeks: (36.1±6.8) vs (27.1±7.3) mm, t=4.557; pre-operation: (51.8±18.0) vs (34.0±15.6) mm, t=3.809; all P<0.01]. (2) In the progressive group, the cysts were irregular in shape and enlarged after birth. The common hepatic duct and intrahepatic bile duct were dilated and gradually distended after birth, while the distal end of the common bile duct was narrowed, thus to form a cone-like duct. Deposits could be seen inside the cysts after delivery. Irregular cysts were also presented in the stable group, and five of them had dilatation of common hepatic duct and intrahepatic bile duct after birth. However, no cone-like formation was seen, the distal end of the common bile duct was visible, and deposits in cysts were occasionally found. (3) Twenty-five patients underwent laparotomy, and seven of them showed increased amylase level in cyst fluid including four with 2-5 times above the upper limit of normal value (one in the progressive group and three in the stable group). The other three cases were all in the stable group and their amylase levels in cyst fluid were more than ten times of the upper limit. The level of direct bilirubin in the progressive group was higher than that in the stable group before the operation [18.40(2.50-113.30) vs 8.70(0.00-16.80) μmol/L, u=2.400, P<0.05]. (4) Among the 52 cases, patients with type Ⅰ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ cyst accounted for 71.1% (37/52), 26.9% (14/52) and 2.0% (1/52), respectively. All cases were followed up regularly six months to one year after the operation. Liver function and bilirubin became normal and the growth and development of the babies were similar to those of the same age. (5) Different degrees of liver fibrosis and inflammation were shown in 46(88.5%) cases and more severe in older babies among those who underwent surgery in the progressive group. The time at operation was not associated with the severity of liver fibrosis and inflammation in the stable group. Hepatic fibrosis and inflammation were more serious in the progressive group than in the stable group (fibrosis grading: χ²=14.260, P=0.006; inflammatory activity grading: χ²=9.904, P=0.019). Conclusions Larger diameter (≥30 mm) in the initial prenatal examination or a significant increase in cystic diameter (≥15 mm) during pregnancy are risk factors for early stenosis or occlusion in the distal end of common bile duct requiring close follow-up after birth. When jaundice or abnormal liver function occur and stool color becomes light, early surgical treatment (one to two months after birth, generally within three months) for CCC is recommended to rule out the anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary duct and hepatic disorders, as well as the cystic biliary atresia.

Important forensic diagnostic indicators of sudden death in coronary atherosclerotic heart dis-ease,such as acute or chronic myocardial ischemic changes,sometimes make it difficult to locate the ischemic site due to the short death process,the lack of tissue reaction time.In some cases,the de-ceased died of sudden death on the first-episode,resulting in difficulty for medical examiners to make an accurate diagnosis.However,clinical studies on coronary instability plaque revealed the key role of coronary spasm and thrombosis caused by their lesions in sudden coronary death process.This paper mainly summarizes the pathological characteristics of unstable coronary plaque based on clinical medi-cal research,including plaque rupture,plaque erosion and calcified nodules,as well as the influencing factors leading to plaque instability,and briefly describes the research progress and technique of the atherosclerotic plaques,in order to improve the study on the mechanism of sudden coronary death and improve the accuracy of the forensic diagnosis of sudden coronary death by diagnosing different patho-logic states of coronary atherosclerotic plaques.

OBJECTIVETo study erythrocyte oxidative stress status and its association with left to right shunt congenital heart disease (CHD) in children.

METHODSA total of 31 children with left to right shunt CHD were enrolled, including 7 cases of atrial septal defect (ASD), 12 ventricular septal defect (VSD), 4 patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 6 patent foramen ovale (PFO), and 2 complete endocardial cushion defect. Twenty healthy age-matched (1 month to 3 years old) children severed as the control group. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in erythrocytes were determined using ELISA. ESR was measured by Westergen. PaO(2) and PaCO(2) were measured by Blood Gas Analyzer (GEM Premier 3000).

RESULTSThe MDA content in erythrocytes in the CHD group was significantly higher, in contrast, SOD content was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The CHD children with heart failure had more decreased SOD and more increased MDA contents compared with the control group (P<0.01). The SOD level was the highest in the PFO group and was the lowest in the complete endocardial cushion defect group. The SOD level in the PFO group was significantly higher than that in the ASD, VSD and complete endocardial cushion defect groups (P<0.05). The MDA level was the highest in the VSD group and was the lowest in the complete endocardial cushion defect group. There were significant differences in the MDA level among CHD subgroups (P<0.05). The ESR was negatively correlated to the SOD level (r=-0.191, P<0.05), while positively correlated to PaO(2) level in CHD children (r=0.216, P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between SOD and MDA levels (r=-0.312, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOxidative stress exists in children with left to right shunt CHD. The SOD and MDA contents in erythrocytes can be used as markers for the assessment of severity of the disease.

Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Sedimentation ; Child, Preschool ; Erythrocytes ; metabolism ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Oxidative Stress ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood