Objective To determine 1 hour plasma glucose cutoff value during OGTT to screen diabetes and IGR and its relationship with islet β cell function and insulin sensitivity. Methods 4731 subjects were recruited to perform an OGTT.The cutoff value of 1h-plasma glucose during OGTT was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).And according to the two cutoff values,we classified all the subjects to three groups,and compared HOMA-IR,HOMA-β,insulinogenic index and shape index among groups,then analyzed its correlation with each parameter. Results According to ROC results, to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus,the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose during OGTT was 12.935mmol/L,with sensitivity of 81.52%,specificity of 86.94%. To diagnose impaired glucose regulation(IGR),the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose was 9.815mmol/L,with sensitivity of 74.96% and specificity of 77.86%. We classified all the subjects to three groups, and among the three groups the insulinogenic index, shape index, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β showed statistically significant difference (all P＜0.01). There was a negative correlation of OGTT-1hPG with insulinogenic index and HOMA-β(all P＜0.01) and a positive correlation of OGTT-1h PG with shape index and HOMA-IR (all P＜0.01). Conclusions To diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus,the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose during OGTT is 12.935mmol/L.To diagnose impaired glucose regulation(IGR),the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose is 9.815mmol/L.And 1h PG can reflect the islet β-cell function and insulin resistance.

Objective To analyze prognostic factors in children with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods Retrospective analyze the relationship between many factors of the diagnosed children with AML and their 3-years event-free survival(EFS).Statistics was analyzed with ?2 test.Results The 3-years EFS was 47.5%.According to the analysis of statistics,EFS of some children groups had statistical differences with their controls (P

Objective To explore the immunophenotype of children with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) and its clinical significance.Methods Statistics was used to analyze the relationship between the immunophenotype of AML and their French-American-Britain(FAB) classification,complete remission (CR) in one month and 3-years event-free survival(EFS).Results CR rate was 71.6% and 3-years EFS rate was 50.8%. HLA-DR and CD34 absent mainly in M3, associated with higher CR and EFS rate. So did CD33 negative cases, especially in M2. CD13 positive was significantly predictive factor for achieving CR.Co-expression of lymphoid antigens and NK cell antigens(CD56) with M2 which correlated with lower CR and EFS rate.Conclusions The negative of HLA-DR, CD34, CD33,as well as CD13 positive, have relationship with good prognosis. Lymphoid antigens and CD56 are poor prognostic factors.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of microsurgical vasoepididymostomy and/or vasovasostomy in the treatment of obstructive azoospermia.

METHODSThis study included 76 patients with obstructive azoospermia, 53 treated by bilateral vasoepididymostomy (8 involving the epididymal head, 18 involving the epididymal body, 5 involving the epididymal tail, and 22 involving the epididymal head, body and tail), 14 by unilateral vasoepididymostomy, and the other 9 by unilateral vasoepididymostomy + unilateral vasovasostomy (including cross anastomosis). We followed up the patients for 2 to 16 months for the patency rate, routine semen parameters, and pregnancy outcomes.

RESULTSThe success rate of bilateral vasoepididymostomy, unilateral vasoepididymostomy, and unilateral vasoepididymostomy + unilateral vasovasostomy (including cross anastomosis) were 62.26% (33/53), 35.71% (5/14), and 77.78% (7/9), respectively. The average sperm concentrations in the three groups of patients were (27.9 +/- 5.74), (11.8 +/- 8.33), and (19.9 +/- 7.53) x 10(6)/ml, the average total sperm counts were (65.6 +/- 13.71), (28.0 +/- 15.86), and (69.2 +/- 28.59) x 10(6), and the mean rates of progressively motile sperm were (22.3 +/- 3.18), (11.0 +/- 9.77), and (15.8 +/- 5.05)%, respectively. The success rates of bilateral vasoepididymostomy that involved the epididymal head, body, tail, and all the three parts were 62.5, 72.22, 60, and 54.55%, respectively. Natural pregnancy was achieved in 8 (10.53%) of the total number of cases.

CONCLUSIONMicrosurgery is effective for the treatment obstructive azoospermia. Unilateral vasoepididymostomy + unilateral vasovasostomy is superior to the other procedures, followed by bilateral vasoepididymostomy. Bilateral vasoepididymostomy involving the epididymal body may achieve a slightly better effect than that involving the other epididymal parts.

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Azoospermia ; etiology ; surgery ; Epididymis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; surgery ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Sperm Count ; Treatment Outcome ; Vas Deferens ; surgery ; Vasovasostomy ; methods

Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Callicarpa nudiflora extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The chemical constituents in Callicarpa nudiflora extract were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Callicarpa nudiflora extract (0.15 and 0.3 g/kg) was orally administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 42 d. The effects of Callicarpa nudiflora extract on body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C were investigated, and its effect on liver and pancreatic pathology was assessed by histopathological analysis. Moreover, the expression levels of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), phospho-AMPK/AMPK, and p-acetyl-coA carboxylase (P-ACC)/ACC in the skeletal muscles and liver were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Results: A total of 34 compounds, including 8 iridoids, 14 phenylpropanoids, and 12 flavonoids, were identified from Callicarpa nudiflora extract. Callicarpa nudiflora extract significantly reduced blood glucose and significantly restored all other biochemical parameters to near normal levels, including serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Callicarpa nudiflora extract improved insulin resistance and reversed the damage in the liver and pancreas caused by diabetes. Furthermore, Callicarpa nudiflora extract increased the expression levels of phospho-AMPK, GLUT4, P-ACC, and insulin receptor substrate-1 and decreased the expression level of PPAR毭 in diabetic rats.Conclusions: Callicarpa nudiflora extract improved oral glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and reversed the diabetes-related damage in the liver and pancreas by activating the AMPK-ACC pathway.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hTERT antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) on the oncogenicity and the inductive apoptosis of HL-60 cells.

METHODSApoptosis of HL-60 cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and agarose gel electrophoresis. Both treated and untreated HL-60 cells were collected and transplanted into 5 BALB/c nude mice respectively, the formation of transplanted neoplasm and its morphologic change were observed. After the transplanted neoplasms were uniform with the ameliorated method in another 10 BALB/c nude mice, they were divided into 2 groups and injected ASODN and PBS into the neoplasm respectively. Seven days later, the tumor were measured, its morphology were observed, and the apoptotic cells were detected with a TUNEL kit.

RESULTSAfter 72 h treatment there were DNA ladders and early apoptosis peak in hTERT ASODN treated HL-60 cells but was none in SODN treated and blank control cells. In tumor formation experiment, neoplasms were formed in ASODN treated group at 16-17 d and untreated group at 12-13 d. Neoplasm was formed in 2 of 5 ASODN treated mice and 4 of 5 untreated mice respectively. In untreated mice tumor tissues were rich in blood vasa and stromal tissue compared with that in ASODN treated mice. In tumor therapy experiment, before treatment, there was no difference in the average neoplasm physical volume between ASODN treated group [(100.9 +/- 24.6) mm3] and PBS treated group [(98.4 +/- 23.1) mm3] (P > 0.05). After treatment, the neoplasm volume in ASODN treated group [(422.7 +/- 326.4) mm3] was smaller than that in PBS treated group [(786.4 +/- 357.6) mm3] (P < 0.05). Histologically, there were many apoptosis cells in ASODN treated group, but was seldom seen in PBS treated group. The TUNEL positive cells in ASODN treated group were much more than that in PBS treated group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe hTERT ASODN induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells in vitro, reduces the tumor formation in BALB/c nude mice and inhibits the growth of the transplanted neoplasm.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Telomerase ; genetics ; Transfection ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

BACKGROUNDOne effect of solid tumors is severe hypoxia of local tissues. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is highly expressed in a variety of human tumor tissues; its induction and activity are closely related to growth of solid tumors. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that regulates hypoxia signal transduction and plays a central role in tumor hypoxia regulation. However, whether and how changes in HO-1 activity affect HIF-1 gene expression has not been reported previously.

METHODSHypoxia-inducible models were established using gastric cancer cell lines (SGC-7901) in a hypoxia incubator. Cells were placed in four groups: Group A, transfected by plasmid harboring HO-1 shRNA; Group B, transfected with scrambled shRNA vector; Group C, treated with hemin; and Group D, exposed to hypoxia only. Expressions of HO-1 and HIF-1 mRNAs were quantified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Expressions of HO-1 and HIF-1 proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.

RESULTSmRNA and protein levels of HO-1 and HIF-1 in the control group were significantly higher than in Group A (P < 0.01), but lower than in Group C (P < 0.01). Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that HIF-1 was identified as the direct HO-1 target gene.

CONCLUSIONWhile affected by HIF-1, HO-1 up-regulation promotes the expression of HIF-1 and the down-regulation of HO-1 suppresses the expression of HIF-1 gene.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Hypoxia ; genetics ; physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background One effect of solid tumors is severe hypoxia of local tissues.Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is highly expressed in a variety of human tumor tissues; its induction and activity are closely related to growth of solid tumors.Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that regulates hypoxia signal transduction and plays a central role in tumor hypoxia regulation.However,whether and how changes in HO-1 activity affect -HlF-1 gene expression has not been reported previously.@@Methods Hypoxia-inducible models were established using gastric cancer cell lines (SGC-7901) in a hypoxia incubator.Cells were placed in four groups:Group A,transfected by plasmid harboring HO-1 shRNA; Group B,transfected with scrambled shRNA vector; Group C,treated with hemin; and Group D,exposed to hypoxia only.Expressions of HO-1 and HIF-1 mRNAs were quantified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Expressions of HO-1 and HIF-1 proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.@@Results mRNA and protein levels of HO-1 and HIF-1 in the control group were significantly higher than in Group A (P <0.01),but lower than in Group C (P <0.01).Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that HlF-1 was identified as the direct HO-1 target gene.@@Conclusion While affected by HIF-1,HO-1 up-regulation promotes the expression of HlF-1 and the down-regulation of HO-1 suppresses the expression of HlF-1 gene.

OBJECTIVETo screen effective sequences of small interfering RNA targeting MDR1 gene in human gastric cancer SGC7901/VCR cells.

METHODSFour siRNAs (MDR1si326, MDR1si1513, MDR1si2631 and MDR1si3071) targeting MDR1 gene were designed and synthesized by in vitro transcription. The siRNA duplexes were used to transfect into the human gastric cancer SGC7901/VCR cells. The expression level of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The accumulation of intracellular adriamycin (ADR) was examined by flow cytometry and the cell sensitivity to ADR was demonstrated by MTT.

RESULTSThe SGC7901/VCR cells treated with 4 siRNAs led to reversal effect on multidrug resistance to different extents. Among the SGC7901/VCR cells treated by siRNAs for 48 h, the expression level of MDR1 mRNA in cells of MDR1si326 or MDR1si2631 group (0.42 +/- 0.07 or 0.49 +/- 0.02) was more decreased than that in cells of MDR1si1513 or MDR1si3071 group (P < 0.05). The accumulation of ADR in cells of MDR1si326 group was the most; in cells of MDR1si2631 group, more; in cells of MDR1si3071 group, lower and in cells of MDR1si1513 group, the lowest (P < 0.05). The relative reversal efficiency of cells of MDR1si2631 group to ADR was the highest and in cells of MDR1si326 group, higher (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the relative reversal efficiency between the cells of MDR1si1513 and MDR1si3071 groups (P > 0.05). The expression level of P-gp in cells of MDR1si326 group was the lowest among the SGC7901/VCR cells treated by siRNAs for 72 h.

CONCLUSIONThe MDR1si326 with most, MDR1si2631 with more, MDR1si3071 with less and MDR1si1513 with least reversal effects on MDR1 gene mediated multidrug resistance were found in the human gastric cancer SGC7901/VCR cells.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Genes, MDR ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection ; Vincristine ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical performance of careHPV16/18/45 DNA testing of cervical specimens as a triage testing for women with positive findings during the cervical cancer screening.

METHODSEligible women aged 25-65 years were enrolled from two high-risk communities in Yangcheng County,Shanxi Province.After providing written informed consent on a voluntary base,women underwent questionnaire-based interview,gynecological examination,and sample collection.Hybrid capture 2 technology(HC2),careHPV,Avantage HPV E6 test,and visual inspection with acetic acid(VIA)were conducted as the primary screening tests at the enrollment visit.Women with any positive finding were invited to receive a second VIA and colposcopy.careHPV16/18/45 was performed as a triage testing.Any visible lesion under colposcopy was directly biopsied.Women with pathology confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and worse(CIN2+)were treated with standard procedures.

RESULTSFor the self-collected and doctor-collected samples,the application of careHPV16/18/45 as a triage testing decreased the colposcopy referral to 3.2% and 3.1%,respectively.Meanwhile,the sensitivity,specificity,and positive predictive value(PPV)for CIN2+were 50.0%,97.6%,and 26.7% for women with positive self-sampling careHPV results and 63.0%,97.9%,and 34.0% for women with positive doctor-sampling careHPV results.

CONCLUSIONcareHPV16/18/45 is promising as a triage testing among women with positive screening findings in low-resource settings.

Adult ; Aged ; Colposcopy ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; virology ; Vaginal Smears