Objective To evaluate the imaging methods,characteristics,diagnostic value of multi- slice CT urography(MSCTU)in congenital abnormities of urinary system.Methods To collect 33 urinary congenital abnormities cases in three years and to analyses these MSCTU images.All examinations were performed with a multi-slice spiral CT scanner.The patients were intravenously injected with 90 ml of Iohexol 300 with a power injector at the rate of 3 ml/s.Nephrographic-phase images were obtained at 75 s after initiation of the injection of contrast material,the appropriate delay time is according to Kidney's enhancement extent and nephrohydrosis degree.Excretory-phase images were obtained through the abdomen and pelvis from 10 min.to 23 h after initiation of the injection of contrast material without abdominal compression.Excretory-phase images were transferred to the workstation and performed maximun intensity projection(MIP),multiplanar reconstruction(MPR),volume rendering(VR),and virtual cystoscopy (VC).Results The urinary congenital abnormities diagnosed by MSCTU in 33 cases,including 1 ectopic kidney,1 horseshoe kidney,1 renal malrotaion,2 supernumerary kidneys,2 ureteral valves,2 retrocaval ureters,4 congenital megaureters,6 ureteropelvic junction stenosis,9 pelviureteric duplication malformations and 5 bladder diverticula.The displaying rate of ureter was 91%(61/66).The scanning time of excretory-phase was less than 20 seconds in All cases.The average CT value of contrast media in displayed ureter lumens was 520 HU.The postprocessing images had clear,dimensional feature and It was satisfy the diagnosis.Conclusion MSCTU has clear,dimensional feature and has strong ability of displaying total anatomy shape and tiny pathology change of congenital abnormities in the urinary system.It is a very useful method for detecting the congenital abnormities in the urinary system.

Objective To assess the accuracy of puncture guided by intelligent positioning (IP) system using magnetic navigation.Methods Five prepared targeted models at three certain depth (<50 mm, samll depth;50-100 mm,medium depth;>100 mm,large depth) underwent puncture guided by intelligent positioning system using IP and conventional ultrasound (US),respectively.Puncture errors,the number of attempt and spent time were recorded and compared .Results For the targets at small,medium and large depth,the errors of IP was (1.88 ±1.18),(1.56 ±0.56) and (3.99 ±1.10) cm,and the errors of conventional US was (4.52 ±2.23),(4.49 ±1.73) and (3.93 ±2.19) cm respectively.The errors of IP were significantly less than those of conventional US at small(t=-2.345,P=0.047) and medium(t=-3.608,P=0.007) depth,but there was no statistically significant difference at large depth (t=0.058,P=0.955). In the IP group,there were statistically significant differences for puncture errors between the small and large depth,as well as between medium and large depth ( F =8.923,P =0.010).There was no statistically significant difference for the errors of IP between the small and medium depth (t=-1.927,P=0.501).For the targets at small,medium and large depth,each puncture was performed in single attempt when guided by IP and in 2,1 and 2 attempt when guided by conventional US .At small and large depth,the numbers of attempt of IP were significantly less than those of conventional US (U=-2.372,P=0.018;U=-2.39, P=0.032).Whereas at medium depth,there was no significant difference (U=-1.000,P=0.690).For the targets at small,medium and large depth,each puncture spent (21.20 ±2.39)s, (27.00 ±4.00)s and (31.80 ±3.83)s when guided by IP,and(45.20 ±9.68),(26.80 ±4.21) and (54.60 ±13.48)s when guided by conventional US.The spent time of IP was less than that with conventional US for small and large depth targets(t =-5.383, P =0.001;t =-3.637, P =0.007).Whereas no statistically significant difference was found for the medium depth target (t=0.077,P=0.916).Conclusion In comparison with conventional US,IP system guided puncture is more accurate and the number of attempt and spent time is less .

Objective To investigate the imaging features of active Crohn′s disease on conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Methods The imaging features of 20 patients with an established diagnosis of Crohn′s disease on transabdominal high-frequency ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital from August 2011 to December 2012 were studied retrospectively. Contrast-specific imaging modes were performed and the ultrasound contrast agent was SonoVue. The thickness of inner, outer and all layers of intestinal walls in the lesion area were observed;the ratio between inner and outer bowel wall thickness was calculated;Limberg classiifcation was determined by Power-Doppler results. Likewise, contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to evaluate the degree and area of bowel wall enhancement, as well as the changes over time. Variance analysis was applied to compare intestinal wall thickness, arrive time of contrast agent, time to peak and washing time of patients with Crohn′s disease from different Limberg groups, and further comparison between groups were anlysed with LSD-t test. Results The intestinal wall thickness of all 20 patients was larger than 4 mm, while the mean thickness of intestinal walls was (8.8±0.4) mm (range 5.5-12.0 mm);the ratio between inner and outer wall thickness was greater than 1.0. Limberg classiifcation wasⅡin 2 patients,Ⅲin 8 patients andⅣin 10 patients. There were two enhancement patterns shown on contrast-enhanced ultrasound:Pattern 1 in 13 (13/20, 65.0%) patients showing simultaneous enhancement in both inner and outer intestinal walls at the same time. Pattern 2 in 7 (7/20, 35.0%) patients showing outward enhancement from inner to outer wall with a predominance of inner wall. The wall thicknesses of patients with Crohn′s disease from Limberg Ⅱgroup, Limberg Ⅲgroup and Limberg Ⅳgroup were (6.6±0.1), (7.5±0.4) and (10.2±0.4) mm respectively. The thicknesses of inner bowel walls were (3.6±0.6), (5.0±0.2) and (7.3±0.3) mm respectively. CEUS time to peak was (30.5±2.1), (26.9±2.4) and (21.0±1.6) s respectively. The wash-in time of the contrast agent was (18.0±5.7), (10.6±1.0) and (8.7±1.2) s respectively. As the Limberg level increased, the thickness of the entire and inner bowel wall both increased, while CEUS time to peak and wash-in time of the contrast agent became longer. These difference was statistically significant. In addition, the ratio between inner and outter wall thickness also increased as the Limberg level increased, however, the difference was statistically insigniifcant. Likewise, the outer bowel wall thickness and the arrival time of the contrast agent in patients with Crohn′s diseases from different Limberg level groups showed no statistical significance. Conclusions The patients with active Crohn′s disease always showed thickened bowel walls, higher Limberg level and complete or partial enhancement of bowel wall on CEUS. There were some correlations between the above-mentioned ifndings.

Purpose: This study investigated the value of synchronous tele-ultrasonography (TUS) for naive operators in thyroid ultrasonography (US) examinations. Methods: Ninety-seven patients were included in this prospective, parallel-controlled trial. Thyroid scanning and diagnosis were completed by resident A independently, resident B with guidance from a US expert through synchronous TUS, and an on-site US expert. The on-site expert’s findings constituted the reference standard. Two other off-site US experts analyzed all data in a blind manner. Inter-operator consistency between the two residents and the on-site US expert for thyroid size measurements, nodule measurements, nodule features, American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) categories, and image quality was compared. Two questionnaires were completed to evaluate the clinical benefit. Results: Resident B detected more nodules consistent with the on-site expert than resident A did (89.4% vs. 56.5%, P<0.001). Resident B achieved excellent consistency with the on-site expert in terms of ACR TI-RADS categories, nodule composition, shape, echogenic foci, and vascularity (all intra-class correlation coefficients [ICCs] >0.75), while resident A achieved lower consistency in ACR TI-RADS categories, composition, echogenicity, margin, echogenic foci, and vascularity (all ICCs 0.40-0.75). Residents A and B had excellent consistency in target nodule measurements (all ICCs >0.75). Resident B achieved better performance than resident A for gray values, time gain compensation, depth, color Doppler adjustment, and the visibility of key information (all P<0.05). Furthermore, 61.9% (60/97) of patients accepted synchronous TUS, and 59.8% (58/97) patients were willing to pay for it. Conclusion Synchronous TUS can help inexperienced residents achieve comparable thyroid diagnostic capability to a US expert.

Liver disease is one of the major problems affecting human health. Ultrasound plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of diffuse and focal liver diseases. However, conventional ultrasound evaluation is subjective and provides limited information. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may supplement the disadvantages of conventional ultrasound and has been widely used in the field of ultrasound in liver diseases. To date, remarkable progress has been achieved for the use of AI technology in the diagnosis, assessment of therapeutic efficacy and prognosis prediction of liver diseases. This paper reviews the research progress of ultrasound image-based AI technology in the diagnosis and treatment of diffuse and focal liver diseases.