Objective To observe the CT findings of hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen. Methods CT findings of cochlear nerve foramen were observed in 50 volunteers (100 ears)and in 9 cases with hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen.The width of the bony canal for the cochlear nerve were measured in both groups.Results The fissure in the cribriform area were seen in every volunteers.The width of the bony canal for the cochlear nerve was (2.32?0.25)mm in normal group.The stenosis of cochlear nerve foramen were shown in 9 cases (10 ears),the lacking of fissure in the cribriform area were seen in 8 ears, while the fissure were shown in 2 cases.The stenosis of internal auditory canal was shown in 4 cases. Abnormality of vestibule and horizontal semicircular canal was shown in one case.The maximum value of the width of the bony canal for the cochlear nerve was 1.5mm,the minimum value was 0.9 mm.Conclusions The typical CT findings of hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen were stenosis of cochlear nerve foramen,the lacking of fissure in the cribriform area and cochlear nerve foramen without helix shape.The hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen may be a subtype of cochlear dysplasia.

Objective This report was to discuss the efficacy and complications of non-surgical therapy for patients with early lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.Methods A total of 412 patients were treated with thrombolysis or anticoagulation in our department during January 2000 and December 2006.Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results All patients were followed up for 12 to 83 months (mean,41 months).After treatment,42 patients(10.2%)were completely recovered,331 patients (80.3%)experienced large improvement,32 patients(7.8%)had mild improvement and 7 patients (1.7%)were failed,resulting in total effective rate of 98.3%.In comparison with long clinical course group(>7 days),the recovery rate and improvement rate of short clinical course group(≤7 days)was significantly increased(11.0% vs 5.4%,χ2=4.17,P<0.05;8.7%vs 1.8%,χ2=4.96,P<0.05).Complications included bleeding(2.2%),pulmonary embolism(1.9%),cerebral accident(0.7%),post-thrombotic syndrome(84.0%)and recurrence(6.1%).Bleeding rate in patients≥60 years was significantly higher(4.3%vs 0.8%,χ2=6.82,P<0.01).Incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome was significantly increased in long clinical course group(98.2% vs 81.7%,χ2=3.67,P<0.05).Condusions Non-surgical therapy,including thrombolysis and anticoagulation,might be safe and effective for patients with early lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.Early identification and management would be helpful to improve outcomes and reduce post-thrombotic syndrome.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) in elderly patients.Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The clinical data of 3 203 patients with inguinal hernias (3 847 sides) who were adnitted to the Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between January 2001 and December 2013 were collected.Of 3 203 patients,979 (1 107 sides) with age ＜ 60 years and 2 224 (2 740 sides) with age ≥ 60 years were respectively allocated into the under 60 years group and 60 years or older group.The surgical procedures including transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach,total extraperitoneal (TEP) approach and intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) approach were selected and performed by doctors in the same team.There were light-weight and heavy-weight patches.Observation indicators included (1) overall operation situations,(2) surgical comparison between the 2 groups,(3)comparison of postoperative indicators between the 2 groups,(4) follow-up.Follow-up using telephone interview and outpatient examination was performed to detect the recovery time of non-restricted activity,recurrence of hernia and complications.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as ~ ± s and comparison between groups was done by the t test.Comparisons of count data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Ranked data were compared by the nonparametric rank sum test.Results (1) Overall operation situations:3 203 patients with inguinal hernias (3 847 sides) underwent LIHR,including 1 475 (1 677 sides) using TAPP approach,1 718 (2 154 sides) using TEP approach and 10 (16 sides) using IPOM approach (6 using TAPP and IOPM approaches in each side).The light-weight patch was used in 2 206 sides and heavy-weight patch was used in 1 641 sides.Operation time was (31 ± 12) minutes in all 3 203 patients,(27 ±9)minutes in 2 559 patients with unilateral hernia and (44 ± 12)minutes in 644 patients with bilateral hernia,respectively.Duration of postoperative hospital stay was (1.5 ± 1.2) days.(2) Surgical comparison between the 2 groups:TAPP approach,TEP approach,IPOM approach,light-weight patch and heavy-weight patch were performed to 567,538,2,751,356 sides in the under 60 years group and 1 110,1 616,14,1 455,1 285 sides in the 60 years or older group,respectively,with statistically significant differences in above indicators between the 2 groups (X2 =37.976,70.022,P ＜ 0.05).Operation time in unilateral hernia and bilateral hernia and total operation time were (27 ± 9)minutes,(42 ± 10)minutes,(29 ± 10)minutes in the under 60 years group and (27 ± 10)minutes,(44 ± 12)minutes,(3 1 ± 13)minutes in the 60 years or older group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (t =-0.106,-1.768,-4.445,P ＞ 0.05).(3) Comparison of postoperative indicators between the 2 groups:the pain score at postoperative day 1 and duration of postoperative hospital stay were 2.4 ± 1.1,(1.5 ± 1.1) days in the under 60 years group and 2.3 ± 1.0,(1.5 ± 1.3) days in the 60 years or older group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (t =1.419,-0.126,P ＞0.05).(4) Follow-up:all the patients were followed up for 23-60 months,with a median time of 43 months.Cases with non-restricted activity recovery at postoperative week 2 and 4 were 973,978 in the under 60 years group and 2 208,2 222 in the 60 years or older group,respectively,showing no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (X2=0.113,P ＞0.05).The recurrence of hernia,severe complications,serum tumescence,paresthesia and enteroparalysis were detected in 1,0,49,5,1 sides in the under 60 years group and 11,3,132,16,2 sides in the 60 years or older group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=1.556,0.269,0.254,P ＞ 0.05).The urinary retention in the under 60 years group and 60 years or older group was respectively detected in 6 and 44 sides,showing a statistically significant difference between 2 groups (x2=6.956,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LIHR is safe and effective in elderly patients,and it can achieve good clinical efficacy under selecting reasonable operation procedures and patches.

Five new megastigmanes (1-5) were isolated from a decoction of Uncaria rhynchophylla by separation techniques of column chromatography using a combination of multiple stationary phases, including macroporous adsorbent resin, MCI resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and Toyopearl HW-40F, and reversed phase HPLC. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic data analysis of HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and CD, in combination with Mosher's mothed as well as ECD and NMR calculations. The new compounds were named uncarphyllonone A (1), uncarphyllonols A (2) and B (3), and uncarphabscisic acids A (4) and B (5). Although the structures of 3 and 4 were previously reported, the reported NMR spectroscopic data were incorrect or do not support the assigned structures in literatures. This is also the first report of discovery of new megastigmane natural products from the Uncaria genus.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility, safety and short-term efficacy of stent-assisted angioplasty and/or drug therapy for elderly patients with symptomatic vertebrobasilar insufficiency.

METHODSElderly patients (> or = 60 years old) with symptomatic vertebrobasilar stenosis (> or = 50%) demonstrated by cerebral angiography were treated with drug therapy and some with endovascular stenting further from April 2001 to June 2006. The clinical, imaging, intervention and follow-up data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSEighty-one elderly patients were chosen for study, including 68 males and 13 females. The mean age is 70 years (60 - 87 years); stroke rate of 4.9% (4/81) and stroke-related mortality rate of 2.5% (2/81) were found in this group during hospitalization and follow-up (mean 28.1 months), and symptoms resolved or improved clinically in 66 (81.5%). Fifty-two balloon expandable stents were placed in 48 (59.3%) patients of this group with a technical success rate of 98.1% and the mean degree of stenosis was reduced from (82.4 +/- 13.1)% to (6.4 +/- 3.2)% (t = 22.4, P = 0.00).

CONCLUSIONSAppropriate management including endovascular stenting and/or drug therapy may improve short-term outcomes of elderly patients with symptomatic vertebrobasilar insufficiency; meanwhile, stent-assisted angioplasty is technically feasible and relatively safe.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ; drug therapy ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible role of inflammation factors in the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with concurrent obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in pregnant women.

METHODSTwenty-five pregnant women with IGT and concurrent OSAHS and 35 pregnant women with IGT but not OSAHS were monitored for all night polysomnography (PSG), and the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and the lowest pulse oxygen saturation (LSpO2) were recorded. The body mass index, glycated serum protein (GSP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in these women.

RESULTSIL-6 and TNF-α levels increased significantly in women with IGT and OSAHS as compared with those in women without OSAHS. AHI showed significant positive correlations to GSP, IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas LSpO2 was inversely correlated to GSP, IL-6 and TNF-α. IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly correlated to GSP, with correlation coefficients of 0.510 and 0.476, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe inflammatory factors may play important roles in IGT complicated by OSAHS in pregnant women, and as a potential risk factor, OSAHS may contribute to the occurrence of progression of IGT.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Oximetry ; Oxygen ; blood ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; blood ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; blood ; physiopathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular epidemiological characteristics of hantavirus seen during 2000-2003 in Qingdao region of Shandong province.

METHODSSera were collected from 64 patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and viral RNA was extracted from the sera. HTN and SEO universal primers were designed as outer primers and HTN and SEO specific primers as inner primers. G1 gene region of M segment from hantavirus was amplified by using RT-nest-PCR for sequencing. The data of nucleotide sequences were analyzed by DNA star software.

RESULTSSix cases were positive by HTN specific primer of total cases (9%); 25 of 64 cases by SEO specific primer (39%); total positive rate was 48%. In general, SEO type was a prevalent type of hantavirus in Qingdao region. The variation of the nucleotide sequences among SEO viruses (nucleotide sequence divergence ranged from 0.3% approximately 8.9%) was lower than that among HTN type (nucleotide sequence divergence ranged from 2.6% approximately 11.2% ).

CONCLUSIONMajority of hantavirus found in Qingdao region belonged to SEO type and still a few strains belonged to HTN type. Most of the HTN viruses were detected in Jiaonan county.

China ; Genotype ; Hantavirus ; genetics ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; blood ; virology ; Humans ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the DNA methylation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter in ameloblastoma (AB) and investigate its clinical biological significance.

METHODSDNA methylation of hTERT promoter in 12 cases of AB and 11 cases of normal oral mucosa were detected by methylation-specific PCR.

RESULTSThe positive cases of unmethylated hTERT promoter region in AB and normal oral mucosa were 4 (4/12) and 6 (6/11), respectively (P < 0.001). The positive cases of methylated hTERT promoter region in AB and normal oral mucosa were 11 (11/12) and 3 (3/11), respectively. Four cases of AB and 1 case of normal oral mucosa showed both DNA methylation and unmethylation of hTERT promoter region in the same time.

CONCLUSIONSDNA methylation of of hTERT promoter region in AB was more common than that in normal oral mucosa. The DNA methylation in hTERT promoter maybe regulate hTERT gene expression.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ameloblastoma ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Jaw Neoplasms ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Telomerase ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) on phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in the dorsal horn of spinal cord induced by plantar inflammation in the rat.

METHODSAll the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group, simple electroacupuncture group, formalin group, formalin plus ipsilateral electroacupuncture group and formalin plus contralateral electroacupuncture group. The acute inflammation animal model was made by injection of 100 microL of 4% formalin into the right posterior foot pad. Electroacupuncture was given at "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 30 min, with sparse-dense waves, frequency 2-15 Hz, and intensity 2-3 mA. One and a half hours latter, the rats were killed under anesthesia, and pERK1/2 expression in the lumbar dorsal horn were investigated with immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThe positive cells were rarely seen (6.45 +/- 1.05) in the superficial spinal cord in the control group; a few cells (14.07 +/- 3.19) in ipsilateral superficial spinal cord were found in the electroacupuncture group. The number of pERK1/2-positive neurons (26.57 +/- 4.93) in lamina I - II0 of the ipsilateral dorsal horn in the formalin group increased significantly. After electroacupuncture at ipsilateral Zusanli (ST 36), the number of positive cells (20.79 +/- 5.21) had a tendency to decrease, but with no statistically significant difference. However, after electroacupuncture at contralateral Zusanli (ST 36), the number of positive cells (14.75 +/- 3.03) significantly decreased as compared with the non-acupuncture group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the spinal cord dorsal horn by electroacupuncture is possibly involved in acupuncture analgesic effect.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Male ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Posterior Horn Cells ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Chilling-sensitive rice varieties acquire chilling tolerance when their roots are exposed to water stress for short time. Caffeine-sensitive calcium signal was involved in this procedure. By using total RNA differential display, a chilling induced cDNA(ICT: induction of chilling treatment) was isolated from roots of chilling-sensitive rice variety. It was determined that it is a novel cDNA by homology searching. The transcript level of ict mRNA is up-regulated under chilling stress, it is decreased to low level when the samples were transferred to standard culture conditions. Pre-treated with mannitol for two hours is beneficial to inducing ICT level of expression. This chilling induction was inhibited by caffeine, suggesting that it may play a putative role in signal transduction of caffeine-sensitive calcium.
Cold Temperature ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; drug effects ; Mannitol ; pharmacology ; Oryza ; drug effects ; genetics ; Plant Roots ; drug effects ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism