The number, scale, compiling institutes, subject distribution, languages, and application of medical controlled vocabularies covered in Taxonomy warehouse were investigated, the developments of the main medical controlled vocabularies such as LMLS, MeSH and ICD were described, which showed the following tendencies of foreign medical controlled vocabularies,such as ontological transformation,intelligent update and application,coopera-tive compilation,dynamic integration and disintegration, distribution as linked data.

[Summary] A selection of 528 unrelated subjects were enrolled(198 males, 330 females) with the mean age of(52. 23 ± 13. 41) years old. According to body mass index, 253 persons belonged to the normal weight group and 275 persons overweight/ obesity group. A total of 10 SNPs in CIDEB and CIDEC genes were detected. SHEsis online were used to get the haplotypes of these two genes. The relationship between above SNPs and obesity were analyzed under additive inheritance pattern. The main effects and interaction on obesity induced by two genes’ haplotypes were analyzed by logistic regression. rs2144493 in CIDEB gene was associated with obesity, C was a protective alleles, OR (95% CI) equals 0. 722(0. 525-0. 992). CCTT haplotype of CIDEB gene carriers and GCG haplotype of CIDEC gene carriers were more prone to obesity or overweight, there was an interaction between the haplotypes of 2 genes. CIDEB, CIDEC haplotypes may play independent and interactive roles in causing obesity.

BACKGROUND: Hallux valgus is a common orthopedic disease, and its causes are complex and treatment is varied. The mechanical analysis of hallux valgus is an issue of concern. The finite element analysis makes it predictable to treat hallux valgus. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of finite element analysis in biomechanical study of hallux valgus.METHODS: The first author searched CNKI and PubMed databases from January 1980 to March 2017 using the key words of "finite element, hallux valgus" in English and Chinese, respectively. The repetitive, irrelevant and low-quality articles were excluded. Finally 33 eligible articles were included in accordance with the inclusion criteria, and the critical issues of finite element analysis applied in hallux valgus were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There are many researches concerning finite element of hallux valgus, which mostly require physicians to work with engineers. These methods are already very mature, but most of the model and material properties of the data come from foreign researches. (2) The finite element analysis is important and reliable for the etiology of hallux valgus, preoperative planning and prognosis. (3) The finite element model of the hallux valgus is only used on static analysis and gait cycle analysis, the modeling details and definition of material properties still need to be improved.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of integrative medicine (IM) rehabilitation protocolon motor function, activity of daily living, and quality of life (QOL) in hemiplegia patients after stroke.

METHODSTotally 120 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were allocated to four groups using sealed envalope drawing, i.e., the rehabilitation group, the Chinese medical treatment group, the acupuncture group, and the comprehensive rehabilitation group, 30 cases in each group. Based on routine rehabilitative training, patients in the Chinese medical treatment group, the acupuncture group, and the compre-hensive rehabilitation group received standardized treatment based on syndrome typing, Shi's Consciousness-Restoring Resuscitation acupuncture, Chinese herbs + acupuncture comprehensive rehabilitatino protocol, respectively. The treatmet cycle consisted of 4 weeks with 24-week follow-ups. Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale(SS-QQL), and safety assessment were taken as main effect indices before treatment, at week 4 of treatment, at week 12 and 24 of follow-ups, respectively.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in FMA score, MBI score, SS-QOL score among the four groups before treatment (P > 0.05). These scores were significantly improved in the four groups at week 4 of treatment, week 12 and 24 of follow-ups, respectively (P < 0.05). Besides, FMA score and SS-QOL score were significantly improved in the comprehensive rehabilitation group at each corresponding time point, as compared with other treatment groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe comprehensive protocol could significantly improve motor function, activity of daily living in hemiplegia patients after stroke, and further improve their QOL. Its effect was better than other single treatment.

Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Hemiplegia ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Motor Skills ; Quality of Life ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Treatment Outcome

To explore a new method for identification of Mongolian patent medicine (MPM) by PCR amplification of specific alleles. Eight kinds of MPM were used to study the identification of "Digeda" raw materials. The total DNA of Lomatogonium rotatum and Corydalis bungeana samples were extracted through modified CTAB method, psbA-trnH sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced directionally. Specific primer was designed. The DNA of 8 kinds of MPM also was extracted and purified by the commercial DNA purification kits. The rbcL and two pair of specific primers sequences were amplified. The specific amplified products were sequenced in forward directions. All specific sequences were aligned and were analyzed. The results indicated that L rotatum can be identified by specific primers from Digeda-4 Tang, Digeda-8 San, Digeda-4 San, and C. bungeana medicinal materials can be identified by specific primers from Li Dan Ba Wei San, Yi He Ha Ri-12 and A Ga Ri-35. PCR amplification of specific alleles can stably and accurately distinguish raw medicinal materials in MPM.
Alleles ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

This study aims to analyze and compare the effect of cell wall-broken decoction pieces, conventional decoction pieces and conventional powder of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma on the intestinal flora of normal mice. The conventional bacterial culture and PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) were adopted for the mice after the oral administration for 14 days. According to the bacterial culture results, the 1/8 dose cell wall-broken decoction pieces group showed fewer Enterococcus and Escherichia coli bacillus but more Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium than the conventional decoction pieces group and the traditional powder group (P <0.05). Meanwhile, on the basis of the PCR-DGGE results, the 1/8 dose cell wall-broken decoction pieces group revealed the highest Shannon-Wiener index (H) and species richness (S) among the seven groups, with extremely significant differences compared with the normal group (P <0.01), significant differences compared with the conventional decoction pieces group and the conventional powder group (P <0.05) and a high intra-group similarity. In conclusion, the long-term intake of 1/8 dose Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma cell wall-broken decoction pieces showed a certain effect in regulating intestinal tract by promoting the growth of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, the intestinal flora community will become more stable.
Animals ; Bifidobacterium ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; Cell Wall ; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Lactobacillus ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhizome ; Rhodiola

Objective To establish a porcine allogeneic left lung orthotopic transplantation model to closely simu-late human lung transplantation.Methods Twelve Huanjiang mini-pigs were used as donors and 12 Bama mini-pigs as recipients.The left lung orthotopic transplantation was completed by the left fourth intercostal thoracotomy.At 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h after transplantation, the left and right pulmonary artery pressure were measured, the left and right pulmonary vein blood gas was analyzed, and samples of the left and right lung tissues were taken to determine the water content and for pathological examination.Results All animals survived, and the transplanted pulmonary vein blood PaO2/FiO2 and PAP were rised along with the prolonged postoperative time, compared with those of the recipient normal lung showing a signifi-cant difference (P<0.05).With the pass of time, there were increasing edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, RBC ooze, thickening of alveolar wall in the transplanted lung tissue, and some alveolar lumen occlusion and lung tissue consolidation. The water content of the transplanted lung tissue was increased significantly compared with that in the recipient lung tissue ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions The established method in this study provides an ideal animal model for research on lung transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injury and immune rejection mechanism.

COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread around the world till these days, and it is urgent to develop more safe and effective new drugs. Due to the limited P3 biosafety laboratories for directly screening inhibitors of virulent viruses with high infectivity, it is necessary to develop rapid and efficient screening methods for viral proteases and other related targets. The main protease (M^pro), which plays a key role in the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2, is highly conserved and has no homologous proteases in humans, making it an ideal target for drug development. From two different levels, namely, molecular level and cellular level, this paper summarizes the reported screening methods of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors through a variety of representative examples, expecting to provide references for further development of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors.

As a common protease with high similarity among coronavirus species, the main protease (M^pro) of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the catalytic hydrolysis of viral precursor proteins into functional proteins, which is essential for coronavirus replication and is one of the ideal targets for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. This paper reviews the main protease inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, including their molecular structures, potencies and drug-like profiles, binding modes and structure-activity relationships, etc.

OBJECTIVETo summarize clinical experience in the treatment of low rectal cancer with anterior perineal plane for ultra-low anterior resection of the rectum(APPEAR).

METHODSClinical and follow-up data of 26 patients with low rectal cancer undergoing the APPEAR operation in Department of General Surgery at Peking Union Medical College from September 2009 to August 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThe 26 cases consisted of 19 male and 7 female patients with an average age of (63.4 ± 9.5) years. The average tumor distance from the anal verge was (4.6 ± 0.7) cm according to preoperative examinations. Fourteen patients received neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy before the operation. All the 26 patients had successful sphincter-preserving operations. The average operative time was (170 ± 21) min and the average intra-operative blood loss (140 ± 69) ml. Complications included one case of intraoperative injury to the rectal wall and 4 cases of postoperative perineal wound infection. Postoperative pathological examination showed well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas(n=10), moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas with partial mucinous adenocarcinomas (n=7), poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma(n=1), villous adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (n=1), and rectal villous adenoma(n=1). In 6 cases no residual tumor cells were detected in the surgical specimens. All the patients were followed-up for an average period of(11.4 ± 5.6) months. No impaired urinary function or tumor recurrence was observed during the follow-up. Eighteen patients had the transverse colon stoma closure six months after the operation. The average Wexner continence score was 5.5 after colostomy reversal surgery. The anorectal manometry tests showed that maximum squeeze pressure of the anal sphincter was(224.0 ± 59.3) mm Hg. The maximum resting pressure was (42.5 ± 11.8) mm Hg, and the maximum tolerable volume of the rectum was (120.0 ± 27.4) ml. Anorectal reflexes were present in all these patients.

CONCLUSIONThe APPEAR technique can be applied in the sphincter-preserving operations for low rectal cancer patients with satisfactory anal function.

Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perineum ; surgery ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Rectum ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome