Objective: To establish an ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)method for determination of prot- amine peptide analogul(R15),and investigate the metabolism in biological samples of R15 in vitro by the method. Methods: Chro- matographic separation was performed by pumping the mobile phase into a BioBasic C 18 (2.1 mm×100 mm,5 μm). The mobile phase was composed of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid-water and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid acetonitrile(98:2,V/V),using 10% trifluoroacetic ac- id-acetonitrile-water as precipitant. The stability of R15 in rat whole blood,liver and kidney homogenate was studied. Results: The in- tra-and inter-batch relative standard deviations (RSD)were less than 15%,the relative errors (RE)were in the range of ±15%. The range of calibration curve was 25-1000 μg/ml with a good correlation coefficient. The extraction recoveries of R15 were 99.43-100.43%. R15 was stable under various experimental storage conditions. Half-lives of R15 in rat liver,rat kidneys,rat blood,beagle dog blood and human blood were 27.4 min,9.1 min,15.6 min,11.9 min and 21.0 min,respectively. Compared with the control group without inhibi- tor,the inhibitory rates of EDTA,pepstatin and benzamidine HCl protease inhibitor in the experimental group was 92.7%,41.3% and 33.0%,respectively. Protamine analogue peptide was mainly metabolized by metal carboxyl peptidases. Compared with the control group,AEBSF,leupeptin and trypsin protease inhibitors had significant difference,but the inhibitory rate was low. Conclusion: The method is specific,sensitive,accurate and reliable. The metabolism of R15 in rat kidney is the fastest. The degradation of R15 in whole blood is possibly related to metal carboxypeptidase.

Objective: To investigate the effect ofintestinal trefoil factor (ITF) on the transcriptional activity of ITF promoter and to explore the regulatory mechanismofJanus kinase/signal transducersand activators of transcription(JAK/STAT) on ITF promoter. Methods: The 5' flanking sequence of the ITF gene was cloned from human whole blood genomic DNA by PCR. ITF promoter fragment was cloned and inserted into the pGL3-Basic vector to construct recombinant vector. ITF promoter vector was stimulated with ITF at various concentrations and the luciferase activity was measured. The JAK-STAT3 signal transductionpathway was then blocked by a speciifc inhibitor AG490 to determine the signal pathway involved in ITF promoter activity. Results: Restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed that the recombinant plasmid, containing ITF promoter, was constructed successfully. After transient transfection, the activity of ITF promoter was increased signiifcantly in the presence of ITF (P<0.05). Blockage of the JAK-STAT3 signal transduction pathway with AG490 signiifcantly reduced the ITF promoter activity (P<0.05). Conclusion: ITF increases the transcriptional activity of ITF promoter via the JAK-STAT3 signal transduction pathway.

BACKGROUND: There has been increasing attention in the study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ALS)and bone metabolism, which is accompanied by osteopenia and osteoporosis. Interleukin(IL) -6, a cytokine that strongly promotes bone resorption, participates in the regulation of bone metablism.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between changes of bone mineral density(BMD) and serum IL-6 content in AIS.DESIGN: A controlled non-randomized concurrent study involving patients with AIS and and healthy volunteers.SETTING: The clinic and wards of the department of spinal surgery of a university-affiliated hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six patients with AIS(6 males and 30 females aged 12 to 18 years) were treated in the Department of Spinal Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical College of Nanjing University from July to October 2003, who had a Cobb angle ranging from 34° - 109° and curvature of the thoracic spine. Thirty-six healthy adolescent volunteers(7 males and 29 females within the range of 13 - 18 years old) served as the control group.METHODS: The BMD was measured at L2- L4 and the proximal femur;(including the femoral neck, greater trochanter and Ward' s triangle) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum IL-6 determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① BMD of the lumbar spine and femur ② Comparison of serum IL-6 content of all the subjects.RESULTS: The BMD of AIS patients at L2- L4, femoral neck, greater trochanter and Ward' s triangle was 0.79±0. 12, 0.78±0. 12, 0.65± 0. 10, and 0. 69 ± 0. 13 g/cm2, respectively, all significantly lower than the corresponding measurements of the control group(1.09 ± 0. 11, 0.95 ± 0. 11,0. 78 ± 0. 10, and 0. 88 ± 0. 11 g/cm2, respectively, P ＜ 0. 001), whereas the serum IL-6 content in the patients was significantly higher than that in the control subjects ( P ＜ 0. 005). The changes of BMD at the lumbar spine and the three sites of femur were negatively correlated with serum IL-6 in AIS patients( P ＜ 0. 001 ), but not so in the control group( P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The BMD is decreased and serum IL-6 elevated in patients with AIS, and excessive secretion of IL-6 might be one of the important factors of osteopenia in AIS.

BACKGROUND: It is manifested in epidemiology and clinical observation that lipoprotein (a) is a new risk factor of cerebrovascular disease and is closely related to cerebral ischemic stroke.OBJECTIVE: To discuss the relationship between levels of high serum lipoprotein (a) and stroke.DESIGN: Case controlled analysis.SETTING: Neurological Institute of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.METHODS: Totally 294 patients with stroke were selected from Neurological Department of Xiangya Hospital of Central So, uth University between September 1999 and March 2002. Of them, 159 cases were regarded as cerebral infarction group and other 135 cases as acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group. In cerebral infarction group, 109 patients had atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and 50 patients had lacunar cerebral infarction, and 94patients with contimuous health examination were regarded as health examination group. Serum lipoprotein (a) in each group was assayed with "sandwich enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay". According to whether the value of lipid was normal or not, patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were divided into two groups. Comparisons between the two groups were assayed with single sample t test, and multiple liner regression was used to assay whether sex, hypertension and value of lipid were related to the level of serum lipoprotein (a).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparisons of serum lipoprotein (a)among atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group, lacunar cerebral infarction group, acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group and health examination group. ② Correlated analysis between serum lipoprotein (a) and lipid.RESULTS: Among 294 patients, 94 cases in control group entered the final analysis. ① Comparisons of serum lipoprotein (a) among atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group, lacunar cerebral infarction group, acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group and health examination group: Levels of serum lipoprotein (a) in atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group and cerebral hemorrhage group were higher than those in health control group (P ＜ 0.05), and concentration of lipoprotein (a) in atheroosclerotic cerebral infarction group was increased as compared with that in acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group (P ＜ 0.05). Also, level of lipoprotein (a) in lacunar cerebral infarction group was a little higher than that in control group,but the difference was not significant (P ＞ 0.05). ② Correlated analysis between serum lipoprotein (a) and lipid: Levels of lipoprotein (a) in both normal lipid group and abnormal lipid group were assayed with single sample t test, and the results showed that levels in the two groups were similar (P ＞ 0.05). Multiple liner regression was used to assay whether sex,hypertension and value of lipid were related to level of serum lipoprotein (a).CONCLUSION: Levels of lipoprotein (a) may be an independent risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage and atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.

Objective To explore the relationship between diet intake and diabetes mellitus(DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in adult residents in Guangxi,so as to provide scientific basis for dietary prevention.Methods 2 281 people(1 020 from urban areas and 1 261 from rural areas) aged 18 years and above were selected from 4 cities and 4 countrysides in Guangxi through a multistage stratified random sampling.The investigation included the meal investigation,medical examination and blood assay. Results Total 37 people(26 from urban and 11 from rural) suffered from DM and 26 people(15 from urban and 11 from rural) had IFG,the general prevalence rate of Impaired Glucose Metabolism(IGM) was 2.8%(4.0% for urban and 1.7% for rural);It showed that the prevalence of IGM in city was obviously higher than that in the countryside(P

To study the influence of foreign plasmid DNA on spleen metabolism in immune-stimulated mice via the gastrointestinal tract. Mice were oral administered by pipette with 200?g of plasmid pcDNA3 and spleen were isolated at 4h and 18h after oral administration. Total RNA were extracted from spleen and spleen gene expression profile of Balb/c mice was analyzed by using Affymetrix oligonucleotide genechip after oral plasmid pcDNA3 administration. Functional cluster analysis was conducted by Genmapp and MAPPFinder software. By functional cluster analyzing the genes which were up-regulated more than twofolds, Genmapp results showed that plenty of metabolic pathway were induced in spleen after oral administration of plasmid pcDNA3. These metabolic process included purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, protein synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, Glycolysis, TCA cycle and mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation pathway. The similar results also took place at 18h after oral administration. The result indicated that foreign plasmid DNA can modulate metabolism process in spleen of mice via the gastrointestinal tract, and may help understand the mechanism of action of foreign plasmid DNA uptaked via the gastrointestinal tract.

We used 4 methods,such as ultrasonic crush(UC),ultrasonic rinse(UR),whorl surge(WS)and rubbing(RU),to isolate epiphytic bacteria from red alga Gracilaria lemaneiformis.Then,we counted bacteria numbers,detected bacterial species,observed bacterial configuration and characteristic of cell wall.Compared with these methods and with different treatments in one method,the results were drawn:the UR and RU were inferior in all methods to isolate bacterial numbers and species,the UC and WS were better,especially,the treatment 30W 30s of UC was the best in experiment,which isolated 12 of 16 bacterial species,and got 1.75 10~6 cells per gram wet weight G.lemaneiformis.

To improve the usage rate and quality of emergency equipment in the hospital, the emergency equipment management was studied. The specialized management and common use of emergency equipment in a hospital was analysed with statistical methods. The usage rate, economic effectiveness and management quality of the equipment were evaluated. Based on the practical experience, the superiorities of the specialized management and common use of emergency equipment in hospitals were summarized, and the inferior positions and their improvement approaches were proposed. As a result, the hospital resource allocation was optimized and the equipment management level was improved by using the specialized management and common use of emergency equipment in the hospital.
Emergency Service, Hospital ; organization & administration ; Materials Management, Hospital ; organization & administration

Objective To investigate the expression transforming growth factor?1(TGF-?1),Smad7 and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) in rats with renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the effects of Gypenosides(GPs) treatment on expression of TGF-?,Smad7 and CTGF.Methods Unilateral ureteral Obstruction(UUO) rat animal models were used and the rats were divided into GPs group(Gypenosides 200 mg?Kg~(-1)?d~(-1) by gastric gavage from 3d before the obstruction to 14 days after the induction),model group and sham operated group.The expression of TGF-?1,Smad7 and CTGF in the obstructed kidneys was assessed by RT-PCR,immunohistochemistry and HE staining methods after 3,7,and 14d respectively.The degree of tubulointerstitial damage was scored by Masson staining methods.Results Compared with the sham operated group,the expressions of TGF-?1,CTGF mRNA and protein were markedly increased in UUO group,and the expression of Smad7 mRNA and protein was markedly decreased(all P

Objective To investigate the significance of monitoring P(c-a)CO2 (the gradients between transcutaneous PCO2 and arterial PCO2) in patients with septic shock.Method 31 patients with early septic shock were enrolled as the study group and 20 patients with stable hemodynamics as the control group from Fab.2013 to Sept.2014 in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU).The patients with septic shock were treated guided by early goal directed therapy (EGDT) within 6 hours since hospitalization.The differences of baseline P(c-a) CO2 levels and other index as arterial lactate (LAC) concentration between two groups and the variations of these indexes after EGDT in the study group were compared respectively.Results The baseline levels of P(c-a)CO2 and LAC in patients with septic shock were significantly higher than in patients of control group: (21.2 ± 10.1) mmHg vs.(7.5 ±4.6), P =0.000, and (4.0±2.4) mmol/ Lvs.(1.6 ± 0.5), P =0.000.The areas under receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for baselineP(c-a)CO2 and LAC were 0.918 (95％ CI: 0.843-0.992) and 0.840 (95％ CI: 0.719-0.962) respectively.A threshold of 14.0 mmHg for P(c-a)CO2 and 2.1 mmol/L for LAC discriminated patients with septic shock from without shock with the same sensibility of 83.9％ and the same specificity of 90.0％, respectively.With regard to prognosis (Day 28), AUC for baseline P(c-a)CO2 and LAC were 0.739 (95％ CI: 0.562-0.917) and0.702 (95％ CI: 0.514-0.889) respectively.A threshold of 21.5 mmHg for P(c-a) CO2 and 3.9 mmol/L for LAC discriminated survivors from nonsurvivors with the same sensibility of 71.4％ and the same specificity of 70.6％ respectively.31 patients in the study group completed EGDT within 6 hours after the admission, 16 (51.6％) passed EGDT and 13 (81.3％) survived, 15 (48.4％) failed EGDT and 4 (26.7％) survived, and survival rates were significantly different, F =9.314, P =0.004.After EGDT, P(c-a) CO2 (18.8 ± 9.4) mmHg and LAC (3.3 ± 2.4) mmol/Lreduced significantly compared with the baselines, all P =0.000.AUC then for P(c-a) CO2 and LAC were 0.742 (95％ CI: 0.562-0.921) and 0.769 (95％ CI: 0.593-0.945), respectively.A threshold of 18.3 mmHg for P(c-a)CO2 and 3.1 mmol/L for LAC discriminated survivors from nonsurvivors with the same sensibility of 71.4％ and the specificity of 71.4％ and of 76.5％ respectively.P(c-a) CO2 and LAC of patients passed EGDT reduced significantly compared with those failed EGDT: (14.8 ± 7.5) mmHgvs.(23.6±9.6) mmHg (P=0.012)、 (2.5±1.5) mmol/L vs.(4.3±2.9) mmol/L (P=0.038), and so did with their baseline : (14.8±7.5) mmHgvs.(18.0±8.1) mmHg, (P=0.042)、 (2.5±1.5) mmol/Lvs.(3.2±1.8) mmol/L, P=0.043.In patients failed EGDT, P(c-a)CO2 and LAC changed little after EGDT, from (24.6 ± 9.2) to (23.6 ± 9.6) mmHg (P =0.238) and from (4.8 ± 2.5) mmol/L to (4.3 ± 2.9) mmol/L (P =0.629).When baseline levels were compared between patients passed EGDT with those failed EGDT, P(c-a) CO2 was (18.0 ±8.1) mmHg vs.(24.6 ± 9.2) mmHg (P =0.042), LAC was (3.2 ± 1.8) mmol/L vs.(4.8 ± 2.5) mmol/L (P =0.050).Conclusions P(c-a) CO2 ＞ 14.0 mmHg could play a role in recognizing early septic shock.EGDT was an effective therapy for the disease and P(c-a)CO2 level could reflect the efficacy of EGDT.P(c-a)CO2 ＞ 21.5mmHg before EGDT and P(c-a) CO2 ＞ 19.3 mmHg after EGDT both could predict the prognosis of patients with septic shock.All above correlated well with LAC and represented a new efficient technique to assess tissue microperfusion.