ELISA technique was used to detect Gnathostoma spinigerum in human. Antigene sample was prepared from G.spinigerum. 9 cases were determined as G.spinigerum infection. Antibody titres were found to range from 1/400 to 1/3.200. Results showed the efficacy of ELISA technique in the diagnosis of Gnathostoma infection
Freeze Drying ; standards

The survey was performed on 144 patients with hypertension in Dong Thap Medical-postal Center between 2003 and 2004. Results: The patients' awareness of their hypertension had much limits, 62.5% of patients unknown the disease, 61.81% detected their-self disease by chance, so 95.83% had not blood pressure monitored, 90.97% were not treated regularly and 7.64% were not treated. Health education and treatment record had good results. The percentage of patients had blood pressure monitored increased by 61.8% (compared with 4.17%), regular treatment 46.53% (compared with 1.39%).
Hypertension ; Health Education

Background:Asthma is a chronic infectious disease of respiratory which affect to health, study, labor and social activities. It can be occur at all age, the rate of incidence of this disease and mortality is increasing. Objectives:This study aims to learn about the clinical features and treatment results in children with asthma admitted into pediatric department, Thai nguyen Central Hospital. Subjects and method: A retrospective study was carried out on 65 asthma children who admitted to Asthma children of Department of Pediatrics, Thai Nguyen Central hospital in order to find the frequency, risks factor, clinical and management ofasthma from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2006. Results:The asthma rate was 0.81 % among total inpatients and 2.87% among total patients admitted into the Respiratory Department. 30.8% of patients aged from 3 to 6 years old without sex predominance. The children were admitted more often in April, May, September, October and November. Personal and family history of asthma was seen in 70.77% and 35.38%, respectively. The common signs were: cough in 93.9%, coryza in 89.2%, intercostal retraction in 87.7%, wheezing in 80.0%, dyspnea in 66.2%. 4. Management: Bronchodilatator in 100%, antibiotics in 95.4%, corticoid in 76.9%. Improvement was seen in 98.5% and death in 54%. Conclusion: Drugs to lessen cough, phlegm and infusion were not encourage in asthma treatment.
Asthma/ pathology ; therapy ; Child

Background: Morphological structure of dental enamel-cement border of the 7th tooth is of great interest to many dentists with various different meanings. Study of the border of the 7th tooth allows the visual description of the morphological structure of this region. Objectives: To highlight the structure of dental enamel-cement border as well as its application in the endodontic treatment. Subjects and methods: The team used screening electronic microscopy to investigate the morphology and structure of twenty, second molar of adults who are between 18 and 35 year old. These teeth were extracted due to dental correction or caries (on chewing face). The study was conducted on both non-demineralized and demineralized teeth. Results: There are 3 kinds of connection in the enamel-cement border area of second molar: cement covering enamel, enamel-mineralized peridental ligament there is a gap between enamel and cement without exposing dentine. The kind of cement covering enamel connection is characteristic for dental interior face. The kind of enamel-mineralized peridental ligament is characteristic for the proximal, distal and middle dental face, the kind of enamel and cement without exposing dentine is characteristic for external face. Conclusion: Research conducted on only a small amount of tooth No. 7, further studies should be carried out on other teeth to have a more accurate description. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Morphological structure ; dental ; enamel -cement border of 7th tooth

Background: Deltoid contracture can be a congenital or acquired condition. There were not any reports on deltoid contracture in English literature until 1960. In 2005 there were 170 children presented at the Viet Nam Pediatric Institute with deltoid contracture. These children came from different provinces, nationwide. The numbers of children who have this condition is increasing, but there were few studies on this problem in Viet Nam. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of deltoid contracture in Viet Nam in 2006-2007. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional study was done in 8 provinces representing for 3 geographic regions of Viet Nam., included Ha Noi, Ha Tay, Thanh Hoa and Lang son in Northern, Ha Tinh and Da Nang in Central and Tien Giang and Can Tho in the Southern region. 29,696 people aged from 1 to 60 years old at the baseline were involved in the study. The subjects were examined to identify the deltoid contracture based on defined criteria. Results: The prevalence of disease was 0.65% (0.83% in men and 0.51% in women). The rate was highest in the group of 6-10 years of age (1.81%). The prevalence was 0.82% in rural and 0.31% in urban area. Cases were found in all but 4 provinces (Da Nang, Tien Giang, Can Tho and Ha Noi) Conclusion: The prevalence of Deltoid contracture in Viet Nam was 0.65% in 2006-2007. It was more likely to occur in men than in women, in age group of 6 \u2013 10 than in other groups and in rural than in urban area.
Deltoid contracture

Background: Deltoid contracture can be congenital or acquired. A cross-sectional study has been done in 8 provinces representing three regions in Vietnam. These are Ha Noi, HaTay, Thanh Hoa and Lang Son in the North, Ha Tinh and Da Nang provinces in the central, Tien Giang and Can Tho provinces in the South of Vietnam. Objective: To identify the risk factors of Deltoid contracture in Vietnam from 2006 - 2007. Subject and Method: 29696 people aged from 1 to 60 years old at the time of the survey were examined to diagnose the Deltoid contracture as well as being interviewed by structured questionnaire. Results: There was significant association between contracture of Deltoid muscle and some factors. These are antibiotics injection into the Delta muscle at 0 - 5 years old: OR = 2.93 (1.435,8); Antibiotics type (streptomycin) was injected at 0-5 years old: OR = 45.2 (13.1 - 167); having cicatrix: OR = 73.4 (46.1 - 116.9). There was no significant association between Deltoid fibrosis and vaccination (position and administration). Logistic regression was done to find that antibiotics injection into Delta muscle at 6 - 10 years old and antibiotics type (streptomycin) were significantly associated with Deltoid contracture. Conclusion: Risk factors of Deltoid contracture in this study were antibiotic injection at aged 0 - 5 years old, antibiotic type (Streptomycin) and having cicatrix. There was no significant association between Deltoid fibrosis and vaccination (position and administration).
Deltoid contracture ; Risk factors ; Vietnam

Background: Can Gio mangrove forest is bio-diversified area. There is few studies on medical arthropod in Can Gio mangrove forest until now. Objective: To study bio-diversified feature and identify species with disease transmitting role. Subject and Method: In 2007, medical arthropod surveys were conducted at 3 sites located in the natural conserve zone- Can Gio mangrove forest. A cross-sectional study was used. Results and Conclusions: A total of samples of 6178 individuals of medical arthropod belonging to 65 species have been collected, including 3 species of flea (Siphonaptera), 1 species of ticks (Ixodidae), 6 species of chiggers (Trombiculidae), 6 species of mites (Gamasoidea), 25 species of flies (Muscoidea) and 24 species of mosquitoes (Culicidae). They belong to 37 genus, 17 families, 3 orders (Siphonaptera, Acarina and Diptera), and 2 classes (Insecta and Arachnida). 20 species having epidemiological role were found in Can Gio mangrove forest. The rate of Anopheles epiroticus biting human at night indoor, outdoor and daytime indoor is rather high, especially at the end of dry season at centre of the forest.
Mangrove forest ; medical arthropod ; species ; genus

Introduction: The need for gama \u2013 globulin, especially gama - globulin - anti \u2013 HBs, is huge in Vietnam. A number of patients cannot to afford use them due to the high price as they are imported. Meanwhile, Vietnam has high quality input sources for producing gama \u2013 globulin. \r\n', u'Objectives: To study the production process of gama - Globulin from Human Plasma and Standard gama - Globulin with Rich of Anti \u2013 HBs. \r\n', u'Subjects and method: 168 samples of human plasma from voluntary blood donors, which had been screened with for transfusion transmittable infections (TTLs), were chosen as plasma with rich of anti - HBs. The plasma with anti - HBsAg was precipitated with ethanol 25%, pH 6,9 to gain gama - globulin with rich anti - HBs, which was dried by Dutch Ly - 3 - TTE machine. Activation of anti - HBs gama - globulin was identified by a standard method of the degree of antibody specific for anti - HBsAg kit of BIORAD, \r\n', u'Results: The purity of the gama - globulin achieved was 93%, which was almost equal with the results of some foreign researchers (7.8), the activation of anti - HBs was 1:128 dilution degree. The productivity of gama - globulin gaining from 1 litter plasma was 6.0 gram. This new issue was first demonstrated in Vietnam. \r\n', u'Conclusion: We can domestically produce anti-Bs gama - globulin with high degree of activeness (1:128) from human plasma by the precipitating method with ethanol, pH and low temperature. \r\n', u'
Human plasma ; gama - globulin - anti - HBs ; Precipitation of ethanol ; pH and low temperature

Salmonella spp. are pathogens involved in most salmonellosis in rabbits. This study examined Salmonella disease in rabbits raised in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam. Two hundred and 56 rectal swabs of rabbits were taken, and a carrier rate of 33.98% was found. In addition, all the isolated Salmonella spp. strains were 100% motile; positive for H2S, catalase, Voges Proskauer, coagulase, citrate, maltose, and dextrose; and negative for indole, methyl red, urease, oxidase, sucrose, and lactose. The Kirby-Bauer method showed that these Salmonella strains were susceptible to doxycycline (93.2%), tetracycline (84.1%), and levofloxacin (65.9%). On the other hand, they were highly resistant to streptomycin (95.5%), ampicillin (93.2%), colistin (40.9%), and gentamicin (34.1%). Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction used to screen for virulence and specific genes of Salmonella strains showed that all Salmonella strains isolated carried InvA, fimA, and Stn.

OBJECTIVES: The average alcohol consumption per capita among Vietnamese adults has consistently increased. Although alcohol-related disorders have been extensively studied, there is a paucity of research shedding light on this issue among Internet users. The study aimed to examine the severity of alcohol-related disorders and other associated factors that might predispose individuals towards alcohol usage in a sample of youths recruited online. METHODS: An online cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,080 Vietnamese youths. A standardized questionnaire was used. Respondent-driven sampling was applied to recruit participants. Multivariate logistic and Tobit regressions were utilized to identify the associated factors. RESULTS: About 59.5% of the males and 12.7% of the total youths declared that they were actively using alcohol. From the total sample, a cumulative total of 32.3% of the participants were drinking alcohol, with 21.8% and 25.0% of the participants being classified as drinking hazardously and binge drinkers, respectively. The majority of the participants (60.7%) were in the pre-contemplative stage. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of hazardous drinking was recognized among online Vietnamese youths. In addition, we found relationships between alcohol use disorder and other addictive disorders, such as tobacco smoking and water-pipe usage. Our results highlighted that the majority of the individuals are not receptive to the idea of changing their alcohol habits, and this would imply that there ought to be more government effort towards the implementation of effective alcohol control policies.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcohol-Related Disorders ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drinking ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Vietnam