CTK is one kind of traditional medicine drug for RTIs treatment. The toxicity of CTK was studied and the result of clinical trial has proved its effectiveness in RTI treatment. Objectives: To investigate the antibiotic effects of C.T.K. on some kinds of bacteria caused reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Methods: This experimental study was performed on the group of standardized bacteria and the bacteria isolated from patients with RTIs. The results showed that: C.T.K inhibited absolutely the growth of the standardized S. aureus ATCC 25923 and standardized E.coli ATCC 25922 at the level of CTK diluted strength 1/150 and with at the level of 1/100. With the bacteria isolated from RTI patients: At the level of C.T.K diluted strength 1/50, CTK could inhibit 100% the growth of S. aureus and 90% the growth of E.coli. C.T.K could not inhibit the growth of both bacteria at the level of C.T.K diluted strength 1/150. Conclusion: The results proved that C.T.K has antibiotic effect on S. aureus and E.coli at different levels of drug diluted strength.
Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Medicine, Traditional

Inflammation; Genital Diseases, Female ;Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; drugs; CTK vaginal tablet’s antibacterial effect was evaluated in vitro through the determination of minimal inhibition effect of this tablet in various strains of E.coli and S.aureus subchronical toxicity and effect of this medicament on the tissue were investigated. Results showed that CTK in 1/150 solution is capable to inhibite completely the growth of S.aureus, and in 1/100 solution to E.coli. In applying into rabbit vagina CTK made vaginal pH decreased. CTK dose of 0.05-0.06 g/kg did not influence on blood white cell counts, red cell counts, platelet counts and Hb level in rabbit. CTK did not influence on SGOT, SGPT enzyme activity, improving the content of albumin and of cholesterol of the rabbit
Inflammation ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies ; drugs

2534 women with ages of 18- 45 in 6 different areas were examined and tested. The results have shown that the rate of genital tract infection was different from one to another: urban of Ha Noi: 41,48%, suburb of Ha Noi: 59,35%, Thai Binh: 56,98, Ha Nam 58,39%, suburb of Hai duong: 52%, mountaine of Nghe an: 64,07%. The most common etiology was candida (14,7 - 42,8%) and G. vaginalis (8,7- 28,74%). The others were staphylococus aureus, E.coli, stretococcus group D and Enterobacilli.
Female Genital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications ; Etiology ; women ; Reproduction

Background: Streptococcus pneumonia (S.pneumoniae) is the main cause of acquired pneumonia in the community along with otitis media, sinusitis, septicemia and meningitis. Objectives: The study determined antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumonia isolates from hospitalized children at Hai Phong Children's Hospital, Vietnam. Subjects and method: From June 2006 to September 2007, 80 pneumococccal isolates were tested for susceptibility to the 13 antibiotics and 84 pneumococcal isolates were serotyped. Results:Seventy-five percent of strains showed multi-drug resistance. Ninety percent of strains showed resistance to penicillin (48% intermediate and 42% fully resistant). In addition, 100% of isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole, 74% of isolates were resistant to cephalexin; 71 % of isolates were resistant to erythroomycin and 58% were resistant to cefuroxxime. Almost all the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceefepime, ofloxacin and 100% of isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. Among the 84 serotypes, 82% were included in the 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine including: 19F (30%), 23F (21 %), 14 (13%) and 6B (13%). Six other serotypes (13, 15C, 18, 11A, 15B and 6A) accounted for 12% of strains and 9 (11%) strains were untypeable. Conclusion: Pneumococcal antibiotics is spreading most rapidly among children in Vietnam, especially strains typs 19F and 23 F. Concerted efforts are necessary to prevent it spreading.\r\n", u'\r\n', u'
Antimicrobial resistance ; streptococcus pneumonia

Diabetes, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, has a significant impact on cardiovascular, neural, and vascular systems. α-Glucosidase inhibitors have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes, as they slow carbohydrate digestion and reduce postprandial blood sugar levels. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Celastrus orbiculatusThunb., renowned for its diverse phytochemical constituents and potential medicinal applications. Through the application of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, we successfully isolated and structurally elucidated 16 compounds from the stems of C. orbiculatus. The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of these compounds was evaluated. Notably, celaphanol A (1) and (+) lariciresinol (7) exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibition, with IC 50 values of 8.06 ± 0.30 and 48.02 ± 0.47 µM, respectively. Enzyme kinetics analysis revealed that the most active compound 1 acted as a non-competitive inhibitor against α-glucosidase, with a K i> value of 7.77 ± 0.16 µM. These findings underscore C. orbiculatus as a valuable source for discovering and developing new α-glucosidase inhibitors. Furthermore, compound 1 shows promise as a candidate for natural herbal therapy targeting α-glucosidase inhibition. This suggests the potential for further investigation into its effectiveness through in silico or in vivo studies using a diabetes model.