Objective In order to study the important role of two specific VEGF receptors(Flt 1 and KDR) in angiogenesis, we design the experiment to detect the gene expression of Flt 1 and KDR in human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured in hypoxium. Methods We cultured the human umbilical vein endothelial cells for different time and treated it with vascular activate factor, such as endothelin (ET), Nitric oxide (NO), LNNA (inhibitor of NO). The expressive level was analyzed by Northern blot or RT PCR. Results Hypoxia increases flt 1 mRNA in endothelial cells at 6 hours. Administration of ET stimulated an increase in flt 1 mRNA. NO inhibited expression of flt 1 mRNA. LNNA increased its expression. Hypoxia partly affected the expression of KDR. LNNA enhanced the VEGF transcripts. Conclusion Hypoxia up regulated flt 1 gene expression, partly KDR. ET enhanced and NO inhibited flt 1 gene expression.

Objective To evaluate the effect of gabapentin on Cav3.2 channels in the dorsal root ganglia ( DRG) of rats with neuropathic pain. Methods Thirty male Sprague?Dawley rats, aged 6-7 weeks, weighing 225-275 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group ( S group) , neuropathic pain group ( NP group) and gabapentin group ( G group) . In NP and G groups, neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury to the left sciatic nerve. Starting from 7th day after operation, gabapentin 100 mg∕kg in 1 ml of normal saline was injected intraper?itoneally twice a day for 7 consecutive days in group G, and the equal volume of normal saline was given twice a day for 7 consecutive days in S and NP groups. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold ( MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency ( TWL) were measured on day 3 before operation and on postoperative days 3, 7 and 14. After the last measurement of pain thresholds on the postoperative day 14, 4 rats were sacrificed for determination of Cav3. 2 mRNA expression ( by real?time polymerase chain reaction) and Cav3.2 protein expression (by Western blot) in the DRG. Results Compared with S group, the MWT was significantly decreased, and TWL was significantly shortened on postoperative days 3, 7 and 14, and the expression of Cav3.2 protein and mRNA in the DRG was significantly up?regulated in group NP, and the MWT was significantly decreased, and TWL was significantly shortened on postoperative days 3 and 7 ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the expression of Cav3.2 protein and mRNA in the DRG in group G ( P>0.05) . Compared with NP group, the MWT was significantly increased, and TWL was signif?icantly prolonged on the postoperative day 14, and the expression of Cav3.2 protein and mRNA in the DRG was significantly down?regulated in group G ( P<0.05) . Conclusion The mechanism by which gabapentin attenuates neuropathic pain may be related to inhibition of the function of Cav3.2 channels in the DRG of rats.

Objective To investigate the regulation and expression of VEGF gene in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under hypoxia and the influence of vascular activators,such as endothelin(ET),nitric oxide(NO)and NO synthesis inhibitor N-nitro-L-Arginie(L-NNA),on the expression of VEGF.Methods Culture the human umbilical vein endothelial cells and then treat by hypoxia and vascular activators.The expression on VEGF mRNA level and protein level were assayed by northern blots,ELISA and computer figure analysis system respectively.Results When human umbilical vein endothelial cells were subjected to hypoxia for 6 hours,the expression of VEGF began to increase.ET could increase the expression and NO inhibited it,and LNNA affected the expression of the VEGF.VEGF protein concentration in the cell culture media matches the mRNA result.They are 6 hours hypoxia (8^2?1.1)?g/L,ET+6 hours hypoxia(9^37?1^02)?g/L,NO+6 hours hypoxia(2^86?0^91)?g/L,LNNA+6 hours hypoxia(14^75?1^87)?g/L respectively.Conclusion (1)Hypoxia can induce the expression of VEGF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.(2)ET can increase the inducible effect of hypoxia,NO can inhibit it and LNNA stimulated the expression of VEGF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Objective:To study the relationship between QT dispersion and severe ventricular arrhythmias.Methods:of 128 patients diagnosed as coronary heart diseasec (CHD), the severe ventricular arrhythmiae was detected by electrocardiogram in 48 patients and the unsevere ventricular arrhythmias was detected in 46 patients. Their QTd were measured and compared with the control group 34 patients with wronary heart disease, but without ventricular arrhythmias.Results:QTd was especially prolbyged in severe ventricular arrhythmia group than those in control group (P

Objective We observe the ?-aminobutyric acid(GABA)′s variation in the visual cortex of Royal College of Surgeons Rat(RCS rat)′s retina following the photoreceptor cell transplantation. Method The healthy Wistar rats′photoreceptor cells were grafted into the sub-retinal space of the left eye of the RCS rat by outer-path way.Two weeks later,host animals were sacrificed.Both sides of visual cortex were processed for light microscopic analysis.So did the 74 days Wistar rats and 74 days RCS rats.Then immunocytochemistry was used to determine the localization of the amino acid neurotransmitters(?-aminobutyrate,GABA).Results After two weeks of transplantation,the transplanted photoreceptor cells survived.On the opposite side of the visula cortex in the grafted RCS rats,GABA-like immunoreactivity was intensely stained.But the same side of the visual cortex in the grafted RCS rats,GABA-like immunoreactivity could not be observed.Conclusion These results suggest that we can rebuild the visual pathway by transplanting the photoreceptor cells.In the visual cortex of the grafted RCS rats, GABA- like immunoreactivity may indicate that the visual cortex had reflection to the stimulation after photoreceptor cells had been grafted.

Background Retinal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a common pathological process of many retinal vascular diseases with comprehensive pathogenesis mechanism.Researches showed that apoptosis of retinal cells and nerve fiber loss is the finally common pathway of RIRI,and Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is a newly discovered signal transcript channel in recent years,which is involved in varieties of pathological processes.However,whether JAK-STAT pathway is associated with RIRI is still unelucidated.Objective This study was to investigate the time course of activation of JAK-STAT signal pathway and its significance during RIRI.Methods Forty clear adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into RIRI 6-hour,12-hour,24-hour and 48-hour groups.RIRI models were induced in lateral eyes of the rats by perfusing normal saline solution into the anterior chamber to elevate intraocular pressure (IOP) to 110 mmHg for 60 minutes and then allowing reperfusion,and the fellow eyes of the rats served as normal control group.The rats were sacrificed and the eyeballs were enucleated at 6,12,24 and 48 hours after reperfusion.The expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 protein (absorbance) in the retinas were located and detected by immunohistochemistry,and the relative expression levels of JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA in the retinas were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The use and care of the rats followed the ARVO Statement.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that JAK2 and STAT3 were faintly expressed in inner nuclear layer and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the normal control group and strongly expressed in various RIRI groups.Significant differences were found in the expression intensities of JAK2 and STAT3 protein among the five groups (F =88.735,96.625,both at P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the normal control group,the expression intensities of JAK2 and STAT3 were enhanced in RIRI groups,with the peak values in RIRI 12-hour group (JAK2:t=4.308,5.559,5.315,4.726;all at P＜0.01.STAT3:t=5.047,7.843,6.281,4.887;all at P＜0.01).The thickening of inner retinal layer,loosening of retinal tissue,vacuolus degeneration of cells and decrease of RGCs were seen in the RIRI eyes.The relative expressing levels of the JAK2 mRNA and STAT3 mRNA in the retinas were significantly different among the groups (F =111.239,129.539;both at P＜0.01),and the relative expressing levels of JAK2 mRNA and STAT3 mRNA in the retinas were significantly increased in RIRI 6-hour,12-hour,24-hour and 48-hour groups in comparison with the normal control group (JAK2 mRNA:t=3.504,5.102,4.679,4.213;all at P＜0.01.STAT3 mRNA:t =6.541,8.787,5.693,5.898;all at P＜0.01).Conclusions The retinal morphology appears to be abnormal and RGCs are evidently decreased in rat eyes with RIRI,and the expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 in the retinas are simultaneously up-regulated,indicating that JAK-STAT signal pathway is involved during the RIRI process.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of BiPAP non-invasive ventilation on COPD patients during acute exacerbation(AECOPD).Methods 20 COPD patients were ventilated using BiPAP non-inva- sive ventilation through a nose or mouth-nose mask.Their vital signs(RR,HR and BP)and arterial blood gases indi- cators(pH,PaCO_2,PaO_2 and SaO_2)before and after ventilation were monitored and the clinical effectiveness was ob- served.Results The vital signs and arterial blood gases indicators of 17 of the 20 AECOPD patients were improved. PaCO_2 was lowered,pH,PaO_2 and SaO_2 were elevated,and the difference before and after ventilation was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion BiPAP non-invasive ventilation can improve the vital signs and physiological in- dicators of AECOPD patients,relieve their respiratory muscle fatigue and prevent them from exacerbation of respira- tory failure,thereby lower the need for endotracheal inrubation.

Animals ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Lung ; blood supply ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective To study the role of CT in the evaluation after patellar dislocation triple surgeries.Methods Retrospectively analysed the CT measurements of 60 recurrent patellar dislocation patients (61 knees),who had undergone patellar dislocation triple surgeries,within one month before and after procedures.The measurements included patellar tilt angle,lateral patellar displacement,trochlear con-gruence angle,Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove distance,Insall-Salvati Ratio and Caton-Deschamps Index.Moreover,the troch-lear dysplasia classifications of all patients were evaluated.In addtion,an analysis has also been completed for 40 (41 knees)of 60 patients who had second postoperative CT examinations as follow-up assessment 3 to 6 months after surgeries.Results All one-month postoperative measurements decreased obviously with statistical significance(P <0.05 ).Furthermore,one case of subluxa-tion,1 1 cases of abnormal Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove distance,13 cases of abnormal Insall-Salvati Ratio and 14 cases of Ca-ton-Deschamps Index abnormities were also observed.Besides that,it was also found that all patients had trochlear dysplasia and 5 cases were diagnosed with patellar subluxation or dislocation at the second postoperative follow-up assessment.Conclusion The patients with redislocation or risks for patellar instability can be detectecd by CT which provides objective evidence for postoperative evaluation and further treatments.

Objective To evaluate the effects of vitamin C combined with low dose of gabapentin on neuropathic pain (NP) in rats.Methods Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 225-275 g,aged 6-7 weeks,were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n =10 each):sham operation group (group Sham),NP group,vitamin C group (group VitC),gabapentin group (group Gap),and vitamin C combined with gabapentin group (VitC + Gap group).NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury in the rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium.The sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 silk ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals.In VitC,Gap and VitC+ Gap groups,vitamin C 500 mg/kg,gabapentin 30 mg/kg,and vitamin C 500 mg/kg + gabapentin 30 mg/kg diluted in normal saline 1 ml were injected intraperitoneally,respectively,twice a day for 7 consecutive days starting from 7 days after NP.Normal saline 1 ml was given in Sham and NP groups.Before NP and at 3,7,and 14 days after NP,the paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli (PWMT) and paw withdrawal latency to thermal stimuli (PWTL) were measured.At 14 days after NP,the blood samples were drawn from the carotid arteries.The rats were then sacrificed and the spinal cord was removed for determination of concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum (by using Thiobarbituric acid method) and Slc23a2 mRNA expression (by RTPCR).Results Compared with Sham group,PWMT and PWTL in left paws were significantly decreased in NP,VitC,Gap ard VitC + Gap groups,the concentrations of MDA in serum were increased and Slc23a2 mRNA expression was down-regulated in NP group,Slc23a2 mRNA expression was down-regulated in VitC and Gap groups,and no significant change in Slc23a2 mRNA expression was found in VitC + Gap group.Compared with NP group,PWMT and PWTL in left paws were significantly increased,the concentrations of MDA in serum were decreased,and Slc23a2 mRNA expression was up-regulated in VitC + Gap group,the concentrations of MDA in serum were decreased in VitC group,and no significant changes were found in PWMT and PWTL in left paws in VitC and Gap groups.There were no significant differences in PWMT and PWTL in fight paws at each time point between the five groups.Conclusion Vitamin C combined with low dose of gabapentin can relieve NP effectively,and up-regulation of Slc23a2 mRNA expression,increased trafficking of vitamin C to neurons and inhibition of oxidative stress may be involved in the mechanism.