1. Fluor can reduce the progression of carious diseases when SMT> 3. While the index of permanent teeth carious of 12-year-old pupils in the North of Vietnam is 0.06, Fluor has no effectiveness to reduce the progression of carious to permanent teeth, it has effectiveness only to milk teeth, (SMT= 3.5) 3. There has been already one auxiliary dentist in primary school named Quang Trung in charge of dental hygiene education, regular scalling.. for school children these achievements do not however meet the expected results we actually need.
Fluorides ; DMF Index ; Tooth

We undertake this study to create a base for expanding the school dental program in the whole country of Vietnam, firstly in Hanoi capital and Cau Giay district just established. Our research scope is of 9,512 pupils selected accidentally from several Secondary schools located in Cau giay district in Feb 1998. Followings are the minitial results of our research: 1. The proportion of carries to 12 years old pupils in Cau Giay district is 37.9% in which there are no difference between the boys and girls. 2. The proportion of periodontosis is 77.9%, in which the boys is more than the girls with p< 0.05. 3. Eating candy and other sweets too much is a causative for carries (with OR= 5.7) and for periodontosis (with OR= 4.28) 4. Infrequent tooth brush also is a causative agent for carries (with OR = 4.58) and periodontositis (with OR=3.87)
Dental Pulp Diseases ; Child

1. The proportion of carries to pupils in Thua town is 54.4%, in which permanent teeth carries is 5.9% and periodontosis is 83.3%. 2. There is no statistical difference among the proportions of carries, permanent teeth carries and periodontosis distinguished by sex and ages. 3. There is a relation between daily tooth, (as well as time of brushing, number of teething everyday) and the propotion of carious and periodontosis. 4. There is a clear relation between frequently candy eating and carious as well as periodontosis. 5. Based on the relation between knowledge on reason of carries as well as the the method of precaution and carries/ periodontosis, we can suggest that pupil having good education on carries precaution will be able to avoid carries as well as periodontosis.
Dental Pulp Diseases ; Child

During the stable physiological stage, the molar may be treated by root channel filling. The silver- amalgamated filling in carious cavities of 2 nd class at interproximal faces may be easily detached. It seems to be advantageous to merely fill these cavities without restoring the interproximal edges
Tooth, Deciduous ; Dentition, Primary ; child

The prevalence of caries of milk teeth was 62.6% of 6-10 -year -old age school children in Bac Kan province. There was no difference between boy and girl. 78.5% was the prevalence of periodontosis diseases. Candy consumption was a risk factor for caries (OR=4.62) and periodontosis (OR=0.15). For caries, no brushing of teeth was a risk factor (OR=4.54) and a factor causing high prevalence of periodontosis in children
Dental Health Surveys ; Risk Factors ; Child ; Oral Medicine

Evaluating the effects of odontology education in the program of school odontology and odonto-stomatogy care for school children of a primary school in the school years 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 showed: the good attitude of school children toward dento-oral health, their most recognised the need of annual dental examination. The rate of school children who brush the teeth at least two times a day enhanced from 66.2% to 87.7% and the time taken for > 3 minutes brushing enhanced 35.4% - 71.5%, while the use of toothpick reduced by 26.2%. There were differences in various dento-oral indices before and after intervention.
Education, Dental ; Health ; Education ; Self Care

Study on total 3rd grade pupils at 5 primary schools in Bac Can province in school year 2001-2002. Results: the rate of dental carries of primary teeth was 64%, of permanent teeth was 12.3%, the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index was 2.1 in primary teeth and 0.18 in permanent teeth. There were 99.13% of water samples with low concentration of fluor, among them 98.26% of samples was lower than 0.5mg/L. All these rates and indexes were higher than national rates and indexes.
Dental Caries ; Water ; Pupil

Background: Respiratory distress is one among the leading reasons cause mortality for infants especially for preterm babies or light weight babies. Surfactant therapy in premature infants can decrease mortality, duration of respiratory treatment, pulmonary air leaks and chronic lung disease. Objective: This study aims to assess the effect of surfactant therapy in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome at Intensive Care Unit of Children Hospital N\xb0.2. Subjects and method:A cases study about premature infants less than 24 hours after birth with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) admitted to intensive care unit and treated with surfactant from January 2007 to July 2007 at the Children Hospital No 2. There were 30 cases recruited. The data was collected and analyzed by EpiInfo software 2002.Results: Most of them improved in respiration status after using surfactant (96.7%); no case of air leak was seen; 3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia cases and 4 deaths due to nosocomial infection were seen. Conclusion: Surfactant therapy was effective in premature infants with RDS. In the case of having economic advantages, surfactant may be indicated for preventive treatment on the premature and light weigh infants without respiratory distress syndrome on clinical aspect.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ; Newborn/ therapy ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins ; Infant ; Premature

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is one of thecauses resulting in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and primary hepatocarcinoma. In Viet Nam, HCV-infected people are on the increase. The co-existence of HCV and G (HGV) in Viet Nam and their accurate genotyping needs to be clarified. Objective: To detect and molecularly genotype HCV and HGV from 4 serum isolates. Materials: This study consisted of 4 anti-HCV positive [HCV(+)] serum isolates. Method: To extract genomic RNA, perform RT-PCR, 5\u2019UTR fragment of 295 nucleotides for HCV, genomic RNAs from HCV(+) (confirmed by RT-PCR) as samples for RT-PCR for HGV to obtain 260 bp 5\u2019UTR. All of them were cloned and sequenced for analysis. Results: HCV products and HCV + HGV products obtained from samples, respectively; suggested that the co-existence of HCV and HGV could occur in a patient. Base on Gen Back and analysis, we showed that three nucleotide strains of HCV (HCV-H1VN, HCV-H2VN, HCV-H3VN) belongs to genotype 1a of the group 1a/1b, commonly found in East and Southeast Asia. HGV of Viet Nam [HGV-(Han9)VN strain] was identified to belong to type 2; one of five HGV types existing in the world. Conclusions: Three HCV isolates were genotype 1a; one HGV isolate belonged to genotype 2. Detection and genotyping of co-existence of HCV and HGV contributed the development of a multiplex-PCR/RT-PCR for screening blood-transmitted viral hepatitis.
Viral hepatitis ; genotype

Background: Aplastic anemia following chemotherapy of acute leukemia is a common complication, which may lead to severe consequences. Objective: To study characteristics of aplastic anemia occurred in ccute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients, following chemotherapy. Subjects and methods: A prospective study was carried out in 50 AML patients treated at National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion from Aug 2005 to Dec 2006. These patients were treated by induction chemotherapy with "3+7" regime. Result: Aplastic anemia had been seen in 100% patients. Characteristics of this condition were poor marrow cells (average marrow cell count was 15.1\xb112.6 G/l) and strongly decreased counts of hemoglobin, white blood cells and platelets. Hemoglobin, white blood cell and platelet counts at the lowest level were 83.32 g/l; 0.96 G/l; 30.18 G/l; respectively. This situation prolonged for 3-4 weeks and changed into the most severe condition at the end of second week after chemotherapy. Infection frequency was 92%. Conclusion: Aplastic anemia following chemotherapy of AML patients is a common complication with severe consequences such as significant decrease of WBC and platelet counts, which may lead to opportunistic infection. Hence, this complication must be monitored, detected and treated promptly. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Leukemia ; Myeloid ; Acute/ pathology ; prevention & ; control ; complications ; drug therapy ; Anemia ; Aplastic/ blood ; complications ; pathology