Objective To determine 1 hour plasma glucose cutoff value during OGTT to screen diabetes and IGR and its relationship with islet β cell function and insulin sensitivity. Methods 4731 subjects were recruited to perform an OGTT.The cutoff value of 1h-plasma glucose during OGTT was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).And according to the two cutoff values,we classified all the subjects to three groups,and compared HOMA-IR,HOMA-β,insulinogenic index and shape index among groups,then analyzed its correlation with each parameter. Results According to ROC results, to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus,the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose during OGTT was 12.935mmol/L,with sensitivity of 81.52%,specificity of 86.94%. To diagnose impaired glucose regulation(IGR),the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose was 9.815mmol/L,with sensitivity of 74.96% and specificity of 77.86%. We classified all the subjects to three groups, and among the three groups the insulinogenic index, shape index, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β showed statistically significant difference (all P＜0.01). There was a negative correlation of OGTT-1hPG with insulinogenic index and HOMA-β(all P＜0.01) and a positive correlation of OGTT-1h PG with shape index and HOMA-IR (all P＜0.01). Conclusions To diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus,the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose during OGTT is 12.935mmol/L.To diagnose impaired glucose regulation(IGR),the optimal cutoff value of 1h plasma glucose is 9.815mmol/L.And 1h PG can reflect the islet β-cell function and insulin resistance.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of lactulose oral solution combined with PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution with PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution only in colonoscopy preparation.Methods A total of 121 patients preparing for colonoscopy were randomly divided into two groups:61 patients in lactulose oral solution combined with PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution group (the experimental group =group A),and 60 patients in PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution group(the control group =group B).During the colonoscopy,the endoscopist blindly scored the cleanness of the bowel,and recorded any adverse event to assess the safety.Results According to the Boston bowel preparation scale,the experimental group scored 7.07 ±0.79,and the control group scored 6.18 ± 1.03,which showed significant significance(P =0.000).There was no significant difference in the time of accessing rectum between the two groups[(8.80 ± 1.74) min VS(9.22 ± 1.94) min,P =0.220].Polyp detection rate in group A was higher than that in group B,with no significant difference (22.95％ VS 15.00％,P ＞ 0.05).The small polyp (≤0.5 cm)detection rate in group A was higher than that in group B with significant significance(P =0.038).No adverse event was recorded in either group.Conclusion The bowel preparation with lactulose oral solution combined with PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution is more effective than that with PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution alone.It will enhance the detection rate of small polyps with no evident adverse reactions.

BACKGROUND:Bioabsorbable polymer materials used in interbody fusion are currently a hot research, and there is stil no consensus.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the basic research and clinical application of bioabsorbable polymer interbody fusion cages.
METHODS:A search of literatures in the database of Wanfang, VIP and PubMed databases from January 1989 to June 2012 was performed with the key words of“intervertebral fusion;bioabsorbable;spine;animal experiment;clinical research”in Chinese and English, respectively. Al the literatures concerning bioabsorbable polymer interbody fusion cage were extensively reviewed, and current developments in the basic research and the clinical application of bioabsorbable polymer interbody fusion cage were investigated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Basic researches show that bioabsorbable polymer cage can effectively promote interbody fusion, the main defect is the delayed inflammatory response and bulk erosion, and the degradation and fusion speed, mechanical strength and porosity need further studies. At present, the hybrid copolymer of polylactic acid and its derivatives is used in clinic and relevant research is being carried out. The main advantage of the material is that it is of flexibility to change parameters when used in fusion for different needs, but a good blood supply to tissues around the fusion cage and the osteogenesis effect are very important. Scaffold porosity and other key parameters can affect the mechanical properties of fusion cage to provide sufficient space to meet the requirement of cellmigration, angiogenesis, thereby promoting bone fusion, under the necessary pressure load. So, to find the optimal combination of parameters in the field of bone tissue engineering is stil a chal enge.

Ninety cases of scapulohumeral periarthritis were treated by electroacupuncture plus Tuina and the effective rate was 94.4%. The effective rate was 81.9% in the control group (treated by Frozen Shoulder Decoction added by other herbal drugs) of 83 cases. The result indicated that the treatments of the two groups were effective, but the therapeutic effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group. In the treatment group, the cure rate was higher, the duration of treatment was shorter and the sequelae of conglutination and rigidity of the shoulder joint, muscular atrophy and so on were reduced.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of gallic acid,quercetin and kaempferol in Gongyanping capsules. Methods:HPLC was applied with the chromatographic conditions as follows: The chromatographic column was Agilent-SB C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) at 30℃; the mobile phrase was methanol-0. 3% phosphoric acid solution with gradient elution; the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1. Results: The linearity relationship of gallic acid, quercetin and kaempferol was within the range of 98.200-491.00 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9), 7.520-37.600 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9) and 4.940-24.700 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9), re-spectively;the average recovery was 96. 74%(RSD=1. 33%), 98. 18%(RSD=1. 70%) and 97. 04%(RSD=1. 28%),respective-ly. Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and repeatable.

Objective To study the functional and ultramicrostructural effects of melatonin on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis in normal and diabetic rats.Methods By means of radioimmunoassay we observed the effects of three doses of melatonin(0.5mg/kg for low,10mg/kg for medium,50mg/kg for high) and lipoicin on level of CRH,ACTH and COR in normal and diabetic rats' plasma for three weeks respectively.The ultramicrostructural changes of hypophysis and pituitary gland after melatonin treatment were also observed under transmission electron microscope(TEM).Results 1.Compared with control groups,the CRH level of melatonin groups in normal and diabetic rats notably reduced(P

Objective To compare the differences in the efficacy of Bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets.Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules and live Bacillus licheniformis capsule in the treatment of persistent and chronic diarrhea.Methods From September 2015 to June 2016,a total of 484 outpatients with persistent and chronic diarrhea were enrolled and divided into observation group (treated with Bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets) and control group (treated with the combination of Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules and live Bacillus licheniformis capsule).Before and after treatment,the frequency of defecation and the characters of stool were observed and the differences in the treatment efficacy in persistent and chronic diarrhea between two groups were compared.Paired t test and Chi square test were used to compare the difference before and after treatment in each group,and independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups.Results There were a total of 256 patients in the observation group (four cases lost and 256 cases were completed).Meanwhile there were 228 patients in the control group (30 cases lost and 228 cases completed).In the observation group,after treatment the frequency of defecation was (2.13±1.06) times,which was less than that before treatment ((3.83±0.95) times),and the difference was statistically significant (t=29.149,P＜0.01).In the control group,after treatment the frequency of defecation was (2.19 ± 1.06) times,which was less than that before treatment ((3.87 ±0.98) times),and the difference was statistically significant(t =27.800,P＜0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of defecation before and after treatment between two groups (t=-0.460 and-0.662,both P＞0.05).Furthermore there was also no statistically significant difference in the rate of normal bowel movements between observation group and treatment group after treatment (50.8％(130/256) vs 57.9％(132/228;x2=2.458,P=0.117).There was no significant difference in effective rate (64.8％(166/256) vs 69.7％ (159/228) and excellence rate (47.7％ (122/256) vs 51.3％ (117/228)) between two groups (P=0.253 and 0.422);besides,no severe adverse events were reported.Conclusion In the aspect of improving of times of defecation and characters of stool in patients with persistent and chronic diarrhea,single medication of multi bacteria strains Bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets has the same satisfied efficacy and good safety as the combination of Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules and live Bacillus licheniformis capsule.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of basic medical insurance system(BMIS) on essential medicine system(EMS) . METHODS:By analyzing the relationship between BMIS and EMS,ideas on facilitating BMIS participate in every part of EMS were put forward. RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Basic medical insurance system ensure the accessibility of essential medicine system,supervise the implement and participate in every part of EMS,meet the demand of patients on essential drugs.

AIM:To evaluate flight attendants' ocular surface after different refractive corrections. ·METHODS:Forty-two flight attendants (84 eyes) were enrolled in the study. Those flight attendants, who were followed up from September 2014 to September 2016, all followed the doctor's orders. According to different refractive corrections, those flight attendants were divided into 4 groups: corneal refractive surgery group, soft contact lens group, rigid gas permeable contact lens ( RGP) group and control group without any refractive corrections. OSDI scores, tear meniscus heights, BUTs, fluorescein staining scores and Schirmer's tests were taken and analyzed. ·RESULTS: Compared with the control group, OSDI scores were worse, tear meniscus heights ( TMH ) were reduced, BUTs were shortened, fluorescein staining(FS) scores were worse, Schirmer's Tests ( SⅠt) were shorter in soft contact lens group and corneal refractive surgery group (P<0. 05). However, the above parameters did not change significantly in RGP group ( P>0. 05 ) . There was no significant difference in lid margin abnormalities among the four groups (F=3. 82, P=0. 45). ·CONCLUSION: RGP can improve flight attendants'ocular surface micro-environment.

Maxillary transverse growth is inhibited by congenital cleft, early surgical scar strain, and oppression of lipmuscles in patients with cleft lip and palate. Clinical manifestations have shown severely constricted maxilla, insufficientmaxillary width, mismatch of upper and lower dental arches, and crossbite. Alveolar bone graft and arch expansion can effectively correct the deficiency in maxillary width. This paper discusses the timing and success rate of alveolar bone graft, as wellas the relationship between alveolar bone graft and arch expansion. Secondary alveolar bone graft is optimally performed beforepermanent canine eruption, especially when the teeth have formed between half and three quarters of their roots. Rapid maxillaryexpansion prior to alveolar bone graft is beneficial because this process increases the gap of the cleft, expands bone graft, andreduces the difficulty. However, the stability of this process remains controversial. Small-scale studies have reported that rapidmaxillary expansion after alveolar bone graft can open the midpalatal suture without bone graft loss. Slow maxillary expansioncan provide continuous light forces to reconstruct the bone. However, these studies are coordinated with fixed orthodontictreatment. Further research is necessary to determine the effects of maxillary expansion on long-term stability of teeth.
Alveolar Bone Grafting ; Bone Transplantation ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Dental Arch ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Maxilla ; Palatal Expansion Technique ; Time Factors ; Tooth Eruption