The study was performed on 90 Salmonella typhi strains isolated from patients in Hanoi, Hue and Ho Chi Minh city. The results showed that: the multi-antibiotic resistant Salmonella typhi strains have already spread over the country; 2 plasmid with size about 120 kilobase (Kb) and 102 Kb. Plasmid 120 Kb is conjugated, self-transmitted R-plasmid and carrying at least 5 antibiotic resistant genes to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The initial analysis by a restricted enzyme of EcoRi showed that these self-transmitted R-plasmid in S.typhi strains isolated in 3 areas Hanoi, Hue and Hochiminh city maybe the same origin.
Salmonella typhi ; R Factors ; epidemiology

Study on 884 children under age of 5 years old (627 diarrhea children, 257 healthy children) at 4 places: National Pediatric Hospital, Saint Paul Hospital, Thanh Nhan Hospital and Kim Lien primary school from March 2001 to April 2002. The results: the most prevalent pathogen was Rotavirus with the prevalence of 45% in children under 5 years old with diarrhea, E.Coli was the second commonly pathogen, was isolated by PCR technique with the rate of 24% in diarrhea children, 12% in healthy children and then Shigella with 3.2% in diarrhea children. No Salmonella and V.cholerae strains were identified PCR was used as effective method to indentify and differenciate diarrheagenic E.Coli strains
Child ; Age Factors ; Schools ; Diarrhea

Objective: In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys revealed that approximately 98% of individuals with pulmonary TB have TB-presumptive abnormalities on chest radiographs, while 32% have no TB symptoms. This prompted the adoption of the “Double X” strategy, which combines chest radiographs and computer-aided detection with GeneXpert testing to screen for and diagnose TB among vulnerable populations. The aim of this study was to describe demographic, clinical and radiographic characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic Double X participants and to assess multilabel radiographic abnormalities on chest radiographs, interpreted by computer-aided detection software, as a possible tool for detecting TB-presumptive abnormalities, particularly for subclinical TB. Methods: Double X participants with TB-presumptive chest radiographs and/or TB symptoms and known risks were referred for confirmatory GeneXpert testing. The demographic and clinical characteristics of all Double X participants and the subset with confirmed TB were summarized. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to evaluate associations between participant characteristics and subclinical TB and between computer-aided detection multilabel radiographic abnormalities and TB. Results: From 2020 to 2022, 96 631 participants received chest radiographs, with 67 881 (70.2%) reporting no TB symptoms. Among 1144 individuals with Xpert-confirmed TB, 51.0% were subclinical. Subclinical TB prevalence was higher in older age groups, non-smokers, those previously treated for TB and the northern region. Among 11 computer-aided detection multilabel radiographic abnormalities, fibrosis was associated with higher odds of subclinical TB. Discussion: In Viet Nam, Double X community case finding detected pulmonary TB, including subclinical TB. Computer-aided detection software may have the potential to identify subclinical TB on chest radiographs by classifying multilabel radiographic abnormalities, but further research is needed.