A model of intestinal helminth control program for primary school children was conducted during two years in Thai Nguyen province, where a high prevalence of intestinal worm had been found before the intervention. Results of the base line surveys showed a cumulative infection rate of intestinal worm of 86.23%, of which Ascaris: 83.6%, Trichuris: 20.6%, and hookworm: 3.9%. The cure rate was 97% (+/-2.52%) after intervention, but the reinfection rate was 53.11 % (+/-1.43%) by 4 months after the first treatment, and 35.88% (+/-1.85%) after the second treatment. Thus, periodical mass treatment every 6 months is needed for intestinal worm infection control. KAP surveys were performed to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of the children and their parents before and after intervention. The knowledge on the ways of transmission of worm infection and the role of environment among children and their parents was found to have been significantly improved immediately after the campaign of health education (P<0.05). Their attitude on the prevention of infection relating to the ways of infection, environment contamination and personal hygiene was enhanced significantly (P<0.05). Accordingly, their practice in term of intestinal worm infection control was also significantly enhanced (P<0.05), especially after the second round of health education and the school supervision. All families agreed to contribute budget to annual deworming program. The model was much supported by children, their parents and teachers for its high cost-effectiveness, easy application and safety, and therefore, it should be expanded to other places.
Helminths ; Child ; Therapeutics

Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was isolated from the gut of Carassius auratus gibelio with Aeromonas sobria.Its shape was ob- served by light microscopy,phase-contrast microscopy,electron microscopy and some of its biological characteristics were also studied.It was demonstrated that BDF-H16 was an gram-negative bacterium and had a bacilliform or arc bacilliform shape with a flagellum at one end.Its size was mostly 0.2?m～0.5?m?0.8?m～1.2?m.It had a wide prey area and could lyse all tested gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria.The best lysis conditions to Escherichia coli were 6.75?10~9 cfu/mL of prey bacteria concentration,pH7.0～7.5,28℃.It could grow in the solid culture added 0.85%～5.00% NaCl and was inhibited by enrofloxacin and norfloxacin.

In the experiment, the production of plagues by Bdellovibrio bacteria in solid medium cultivation, the reproduction of Bdellovibrio bacteria in liquid medium cultivation and the attachment of Bdellovibrio bacteria to carrier were observed, which aimed to study the effects of enrofloxacin on the growth and at-tachment ability of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16. Results indicated that in solid medium cultivation, the production of plagues by Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was inhibited by different concentrations (2 ?g/mL, 5 ?g/mL, 10 ?g/mL, 20 ?g/mL, 50 ?g/mL) of enrofloxacin and the inhibitory effects of enrofloxacin became stronger with the increase of the concentration of enrofloxacin. Similarly, in liquid medium cultivation, the reproduction of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was also obviously inhibited by different concentrations ofenrofloxacin and higher concentrations of enrofloxacin such as 10 ?g/mL, 20 ?g/mL, 50 ?g/mL had stronger inhibitory effects on the reproduction of BDF-H16. However, the growth tendency of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was not inhibited in 10 ?g/mL enrofloxacin. Additionally, when zeolite was added, enrofloxacin had also inhibitory effects on the numbers of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 attached to zeolite. With the increase of the concentrations of enrofloxacin, the numbers of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 attached to zeolite became smaller and smaller. However, the attachment rate of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 to zeo-lite became higher under 2 ?g/mL-20 ?g/mL enrofloxacin. The results above showed that enrofloxacin had inhibitory effects on the plague production and reproduction of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16, but the at-tachment ability of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was strengthened in liquid medium cultivation with 2 ?g/mL-20 ?g/mL enrofloxacin and zeolite, and adding zeolite helped to reduce the adverse effects of en-rofloxacin on Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16.

Six bacterial strains with malachite green decolorization ability were isolated from a sediment of aquaculture pond, and strain M6 was selected by further enrichment culture in nutrition broth with malachite green and decolorization rate comparison. The decolorization rate of strain M6 to malachite green was 97.14% in the conditon of 30?C and 150 r/min, and its morphology was observed by gram stain and electronmicroscopy, its physiological and biochemical characteristic was studied by ATB bacteria identification in-strument for identification of bacteria, and its 16S rDNA sequence was determined following PCR amplifi-cation, the sequence was aligned and the phylogenic tree was instructed with those bacterial strains of high identity with strain M6. In addition, its growth characteristics was also studied. The experimental results showed that strain M6 was gram negative and bacilliform with a flagellum at one end. Its size was 0.45 ?m ?0.84 ?m. Its colony produced on common agar plate appeared as round, light blue, dense, hard to choose; 16S rDNA sequence of strain M6 had high identity of 98%～99% with Pseudomonas sp. located in GenBank and strain M6 had the most close relative relation to Pseudomonas putida OW-16 (Locus number: DQ112328.1). Combined the results of the traditional morphological, physiological, biochemical character-istics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain M6 was identified as Pseudomonas putida (Locus number: EU348741.1). Additionally, its growth curve in the condition of 30?C and 150 r/min was as follows: lag phase was 0～4 h, log phase was 4 h～64 h, stationary phase was 64 h～80 h, decline phase was after 80 h. Its best growth conditions were pH 7 and 30?C,and in the rotational speed of 50 r/min to 250 r/min. Its concen-tration increased with the increase in rotational speed.

A pathogenic bacterial strain X1 was isolated from Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) suffering with bacterial septicemia. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of strain X1 was 5.62?105 CFU/mL, which showed that strain X1 was rather strong virulent to Acipenser baerii. Strain X1 was gram negative and 1.0 ?m～1.2 ?m ? 2.1 ?m～2.4 ?m in size with peritrichous flagella, and had ?-hemolytic activity on rabbit blood agar. By means of ATB expression identification and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain X1 was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila (locus number: EU669667), which was the closest relative to Aeromo-nas hydrophila strain ATCC35654 (locus number: X74676.1) with 99% homology. In addition, strain X1 was highly sensitive to cefoperazone and cravit, and intermediately sensitive to ten kinds of antibiotics in-cluding tobramycin, norfloxacin, sulperazone, kanamycin, gentamycin, fortum, vancomycin, neomycina, polymyxin B and lomefloxacin.

BACKGROUNDPyroptosis is the term for caspase-1-dependent cell death associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The role of alveolar macrophage (AM) pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of the acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) remains unclear.

METHODSC57BL/6 wild-type mice were assigned to sham, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + vehicle, LPS + acetyl-tyrosyl-valyl- alanyl-aspartyl-chloromethylketone (Ac-YVAD-CMK) and LPS + Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone groups. Mice were given intraperitoneal (IP) injections of LPS. Drugs were IP injected 1 h before LPS administration. Mice were sacrificed 16 h after LPS administration, and AMs were isolated. Western blot analysis for active caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-3, evaluation of lung injury and a cytokine release analysis were performed. AMs were treated with LPS and adenosine triphosphate (ATP); caspase-1-dependent cell death was evaluated using flow cytometry; the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) pyroptosomes were examined by immunofluorescence.

RESULTSThe expression of activated caspase-1 in AMs was enhanced following LPS challenge compared with the sham group. In the ex vivo study, the caspase-1/propidium iodide-positive cells, caspase-1 specks and ASC pyroptosomes were up-regulated in AMs following LPS/ATP stimulation. The specific caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK inhibited the activation of caspase-1 and pyroptotic cell death. Ac-YVAD-CMK also reduced the lung injury, pulmonary edema and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, Ac-YVAD-CMK significantly inhibited interleukin-α2 (IL-1α2) release both in serum and BALF and reduced the levels of IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α± (TNF-α±), High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in BALF during LPS-induced ALI/ARDS.

CONCLUSIONSThis study reported AM pyroptosis during LPS-induced ALI/ARDS in mice and has demonstrated that Ac-YVAD-CMK can prevent AM-induced pyroptosis and lung injury. These preliminary findings may form the basis for further studies to evaluate this pathway as a target for prevention or reduction of ALI/ARDS.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oligopeptides ; pharmacology ; Pyroptosis ; drug effects

This study was aimed to investigate abca5, mdr-1, kdr, dapk and irf-1 expressions in leukemia stem/progenitor cells (LSC) from CD7 positive acute myeloid leukemia, the expression of these 5 genes in mononuclear cells (MNC) from 15 normal bone marrow (NBM) and 16 AML patients bone marrow (AML BM) specimen were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). CD34(+)CD38(+) progenitor cells and CD34(+)CD38(-)Lin(-) stem cells were sorted by flow cytometry (FCM) from the MNCs of 10 NBM and 21 AML BM specimen. These 5 gene expressions in the sorted cells were detected by small amount cell RQ-PCR. The results showed that these 5 genes above mentioned all expressed in NBM-MNC, in which the expression levels of irf-1 and dapk were highest with the relative expression levels 4.08 and 3.86, the expression levels of abca 5 and mdr-1 were in the middle with the relative expression 0.49 and 0.84 respectively, the kdr expression was lowest with the relative expression level 0.02. In CD34(+)CD38(+) progenitor cells, the expression level of kdr increased dramatically (p < 0.05) while irf-1 and dapk dramatically decreased (p < 0.05). There was no obvious change of expression in the rest 2 genes. In CD34(+)CD38(-) stem cells the expression level of these 5 genes all increased nearly 2 times as much as that in CD34(+)CD38(+) progenitor cells, but kdr increased 3 times as much, and the increase of kdr and irf-1 expressions was of statistical significance (p < 0.05). Compared with the NBM, expression levels of 5 genes in AML-MNC decreased, and out of them abca 5, mdr-1, kdr and dapk were decreased most remarkably (p < 0.05). Comparison between AML CD34(+)CD38(+) cells and AML MNC showed that the expression level of irf-1 and dapk were decreased dramatically (p < 0.05) while the rest 3 genes increased their expression with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The expression levels of these 5 genes were higher in CD34(+)CD38(-) cells than those in CD34(+)CD38(+) stem cells, and the increase of kdr and irf-1 expressions showed statistical difference (p < 0.05). These 5 genes expression levels were all higher than those in CD34(+)CD38(+) cells whether in AML CD34(+)CD38(-)CD7(+) cells or CD34(+)CD38(-)CD7(-) cells. The increase of kdr expression in CD34(+)CD38(-)CD7(+) cells as well as kdr and irf-1 expressions in CD34(+)CD38(-)CD7(-) cells were all of statistical significance (p < 0.05). In conclusion the expression level of kdr in NBM was highest in stem cells while dapk and irf-1 were highest in differentiated cells. The expression levels of these 5 genes in CD34(+)CD38(-)Lin(-) stem cells were higher than those in CD34(+)CD38(+) progenitor cells. The gene expressions in AML CD34(+)CD38(-)CD7(+) cells and CD34(+)CD38(-)CD7(-) cells are in accordance with the characteristics of stem cells.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD7 ; immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; chemistry ; immunology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; chemistry ; immunology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stem Cells ; chemistry ; immunology ; Young Adult

Objective: To document the evolution and optimization of the Zika virus (ZIKV) disease surveillance system in southern Viet Nam in 2016 and to describe the characteristics of the identified ZIKV-positive cases. Methods: We established a sentinel surveillance system to monitor ZIKV transmission in eight sites in eight provinces and expanded the system to 71 sites in 20 provinces in southern Viet Nam in 2016. Blood and urine samples from patients who met the case definition at the sentinel sites were tested for ZIKV using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City (PI-HCMC). We conducted descriptive analysis and mapped the ZIKV-positive cases. Results: In 2016, 2190 specimens from 20 provinces in southern Viet Nam were tested for ZIKV at PI-HCMC; 626 (28.6%), 484 (22.1%), 35 (1.6%) and 1045 (47.7%) tests were conducted in the first, second, third and fourth quarters of the year, respectively. Of these tested specimens, 214 (9.8%) were ZIKV positive with 212 (99.1%) identified in the fourth quarter. In the fourth quarter, the highest positivity rate was those in age groups 30–39 years (30.0%) and 40–59 years (31.6%). Of the 214 ZIKV-positive patients, 210 (98.1%) presented with rash, 194 (90.7%) with fever, 149 (69.6%) with muscle pain, 123 (57.5%) with joint pain and 66 (30.8%) with conjunctivitis. Discussion The surveillance system for ZIKV disease underwent several phases of optimization in 2016, guided by the most up-to-date local data. Here we demonstrate an adaptable surveillance system that detected ZIKV-positive cases in southern Viet Nam.

ObjectiveTo investigate effect of conducting training of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） early screening skill on improving the ability to early identify ASD of medical staffs in primary care hospitals. MethodsIn September 2021， the training of ASD early screening skills was carried out for medical staffs from 20 primary care hospitals in Chengdu. After training， the training effect was evaluated. The numbers of referrals from primary care hospitals to superior hospitals， confirmed ASD as well as their average diagnostic age of children with ASD before and after training were used as evaluation indicators. ResultsAfter training， the number of children with suspected ASD referred by primary care hospitals was more than that before training ［（16.65±11.60） vs. （3.40±2.23）， t=5.431， P<0.01］， the number of children diagnosed with ASD was more than that before training［（6.85±4.93） vs. （2.45±1.67）， t=4.171， P<0.01］， and the differences were statistically significant. As for the diagnosed age of ASD children， after training， the average age was lower than that before training ［（34.95±11.67） vs. （42.2±14.64）， t=-2.553， P=0.019］. ConclusionTraining of ASD early screening skills for medical staffs in primary care hospitals may help to improve their ability to early screening ASD children.

Objective: To observe the incidence and treatment of radiation rectal injury complicated with anxiety, depression and somatic symptom disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional survey research method was carried out. Patients with radiation rectal injury managed by members of the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery were the subjects of investigation. The inclusion criteria of the survey subjects: (1) patients suffered from pelvic tumors and received pelvic radiotherapy; (2) colonoscopy showed inflammatory reaction or ulcer in the rectum. Exclusion criteria: (1) patient had a history of psycho-somatic disease before radiotherapy; (2) patient was unable to use a smart phone, unable to read and understand the questions in the questionnaire displayed on the phone; (3) patient refused to sign an informed consent form. According to the SOMA self-rating scale, PHQ-15 self-rating scale, GAD-7 and PHQ-9 self-rating scale, the electronic questionnaire of "Psychological Survey of Radiation Proctitis" was designed. The questionnaire was sent to patients with radiation rectal injury managed by the committee through the WeChat group. Observational indicators: (1) radiation rectal injury symptom assessment: using SOMA self-rating scale, radiation rectal injury symptom classification: mild group (≤3 points), moderate group (4-6 points) and severe group (> 6 points); (2) incidence of anxiety, depression and physical disorder: using GAD-7, PHQ-9 and PHQ-15 self-rating scales respectively for assessment; (3) correlation of radiation rectal injury symptom grading with anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorder. Results: Seventy-one qualified questionnaires were collected, of which 41 (56.9%) were from Guangzhou. Among the 71 patients, 6 were males and 65 were females; the mean age was (55.7±9.3) years old and 48 patients (67.6%) were less than 60 years old; the median confirmed duration of radiation rectal injury was 2.0 (1.0, 5.0) years. (1) Evaluation of symptoms of radiation rectal injury: 18 cases of mild (25.4%), 27 cases of moderate (38.0%), and 26 cases of severe (36.6%). (2) Incidence of anxiety, depression and somatic disorder: 12 patients (16.9%) without comorbidities; 59 patients (83.1%) with anxiety, depression, or somatic disorder, of whom 2 patients only had anxiety, 1 patient only had depression, 9 only had somatic disorder, 2 had anxiety plus depression, 4 had anxiety plus somatic disorder, 2 had depression plus somatic disorder, and 40 had all three symptoms. (3) correlation of radiation rectal injury grading with anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorder: as compared to patients in mild group and moderate group, those in severe group had higher severity of anxiety and somatic symptom disorder (Z=-2.143, P=0.032; Z=-2.045, P=0.041), while there was no statistically significant difference of depression between mild group and moderate group (Z=-1.176, P=0.240). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that radiation rectal injury symptom score was positively correlated with anxiety (r=0.300, P=0.013), depression (r=0.287, P=0.015) and somatic symptom disorder (r=0.344, P=0.003). Conclusions: The incidence of anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorder in patients with radiation rectal injury is extremely high. It is necessary to strengthen the diagnosis and treatment of somatic symptom disorder, so as to alleviate the symptoms of patients with pelvic perineum pain and improve the quality of life.
Aged ; Anxiety ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Rectum ; Surveys and Questionnaires