Objective To measure the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a rural area of Kunming. Methods Shilin County was selected as the study region. Disability adjusted life years (DALY) was used to measure the burden to COPD. Results The overall prevalence of COPD was 6.68% , and males had higher prevalence of COPD than females. Females accounted for higher YLL rate and DALY rate due to COPD than males, whereas males had higher YLD rate due to COPD than females. People aged 60 years and over were responsible for higher YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate due to COPD compared to other age group. Conclusion COPD does harm to males' quality of life whereas threatens females' death in the study region. The region should focus on further prevention and control of COPD.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of body weight related index and to explore the relationship between weight related index and cardiovascular diseases in rural residents in Yunnan Province. Methods By random cluster sampling method,rural residents were selected in Yunnan Province. The data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire and medical examination. Results 4070 rural residents in Yunnan participated in this study. The survey results showed that gender,age,education level and ethnicity affected both the distribution of body weight related index and low body weight,overweight,obesity,and central obesity(P < 0.05). Compared with low body weight,non overweight,non obesity and non central obesity group,non low body weight,overweight,obesity and central obesity group had higher prevalence rate of hypertension(P < 0.01). Among central obesity group,the prevalence rate of coronary heart disease was higher than non central obesity group(P < 0.01). Conclusion The distribution of body weight related index in rural residents of Yunnan province showed some special characteristic. The overweight,obesity,and central obesity were related to cardiovascular diseases. Change unhealthy living habits or behavior as well as improving their cultural quality have effects on controlling body weight related index and help to reduce the prevalence rates of overweight,obesity and central obesity which can further reduce the prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), one kind of incretins, contributes to control blood glucose level with several routines. It can be degraded rapidly by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). DPP-IV inhibitors augment glucose homeostasis by preventing degradation of GLP-1, which can stimulate insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon secretion, increase satiety, and slow gastric emptying. They are weight neutral, and are associated with low risk of hypoglycemia. This review highlights the characteristics of GLP-1, clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions of DPP-IV inhibitors.

Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Humans ; Orthopedic Procedures ; methods ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; surgery ; Spondylosis ; surgery

Objective To analyze the disease burden of Yi nationality.Methods Disability adjusted life years(DALY) was used as the measurement indicator of disease burden.Results The male had greater Years of Life Lost to Premature Death(YLL)per thousand populations,Years of Lived with Disability(YLD) and DALY than did the female almost in each age group.The burden of Neuropsychiatric conditions was the heaviest.The burden of Yi nationality was heavier than Han nationality in diseases during perinatal period and digestive diseases.However,the disease burden of malignant neoplasm of Han nationality was heavier than Yi nationality.Conclusion The prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions,diseases during perinatal period and digestive diseases should be enhanced in Yi nationality.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound-diffuse optical tomography(US-DOT) in evaluation of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in patients with breast cancer.Methods Fifty women with breast cancer confirmed by biopsy-pathology scheduled to undergo NCT were enrolled.US-DOT was performed and the total hemoglobin concentration(HbT) prior to and at the end of NCT.According to the response to treatment in solid tumors,patients were divided into complete response(CR) group,partial response (PR) group,stable disease (SD) group and progressive disease (PD) group.The analysis of variance compared the differences of HbT before and after NCT in each group; Pearson correlation analyzed the relationship between the relative HbT variation and the tumor size changes;Mixedeffects model analyzed the relationship between HbT and tumor size.Results After NCT,CR group had 8 cases,PR group 30 cases,SD group 12 cases and no PD cases.Before and after NCT,the mean relative variations of HbT before and after NCT were-0.525 ± 0.222,-0.328 ± 0.180 and-0.173 ± 0.167 in CR,PR and SD groups,respectively.The differences of HbT before and after NCT were statistically significant in each group (P ＜0.05).There was significant difference among tumor diameter and HbT in CR group and PR group (P ＜0.001);while in the SD group,there was no difference among tumor diameter and HbT (P ＞ 0.05).The change of HbT after NCT showed positive correlation with the change in tumor size (r =0.6).Mixed-effects model also showed that HbT change was associated with tumor size.Conclusions USDOT marker HbT is closely related to tumor size of breast cancer before and after NCT and may be applied to evaluate the response of breast cancer to NCT.

Objective To investigate the protection mechanism of ulinastatin on bacterial endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Methods Acute lung injury was induced by Escherichia colilipo-polysaccharide(LPS)5 mg·kg-1·d-1,intratracheally. Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into control group(n=10)and ulinastatin group(n=10). Ulinastatid group received ulinastatin 50 kU·kg-1 ,the control groups received the same amount of 0. 9% sodium chloride solution. Then the expression changes of rat AQP-1 and AQP-5,alveolar wall thickness change and the degree of pulmonary edema were detected. Results After the injection of LPS into the rat,the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-5 in control group were continuously decreased,but those in ulinastatin group decreased were not obvious. The lung wet/dry weight ratio in the control group increased significantly,the not obvious changes in the ulinastain group. The thickness of the alveolar in 24,48,72 h of the control group were(3. 84±0. 68),(6. 32±1. 08),(11. 03±2. 47)μm, respectively,and those in the ulinastian groups were(2. 31±0. 44)(,3. 76±0. 82)(,2. 94±0. 67)μm,respectively. Conclusion The AQP-1 and AQP-5 induced the occurrence of pulmonary edema by changing the cell permeability. Ulinastatin can slow down the process so as to reduce the degree of endotoxin-induced lung injury.

An electrochemical aptasensor for Pb2+ was constructed based on the layer-by-layer assembly of graphene (GR) and anthraquinone -2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (AQMS) on the surface of Pb2+ aptamer. The mercapto-modified Pb2+ aptamer was first anchored on a gold electrode. Then the highly conductive material of GR was adsorbed on apt through the unique π-π stacking interaction, which was further used for the assembly and signal amplification of the electroactive AQMS. Upon interaction with Pb2+ ions, the apt on the aptasensor undergone conformational switch from a single-stranded form to the G-quadruplex structure, causing the GR assembled with AQMS releasing from the electrode surface into solution. As a result, the electrochemical signal of AQMS on the aptasensor was substantially reduced. Base on this concept, a useful platform for detection of Pb2+ ions was constructed. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the attenuation of peak currents (△Ipa ) showed linear relationship with the logarithm of Pb2+ concentrations (lgCPb2+) over the range from 5. 0×10-10 to 5. 0×10-8 mol/ L. The detection limit was estimated to be 6. 0×10-11 mol/ L.

Objective To study angiography features and clinical significance of "multiple tumor feeding embolization".Methods Twelve patients with pelvic tumor were reviewed retrospectively.The lesions included fibrosarcoma(n=1),chondrosarcoma(n=2),osteosarcoma(n=2) and metastatic tumor(n=7).Results Angiography features were:(1)multiple origin and branch of tumor-feeding vessels.(2)large vascular mass with dense tumor stain.(3)larger size of tumor stain comparing with that of bone destraction.After treatment,symptom relief and tumor shrink were obviously using"the multiple tumor-feeding embolization".Conclusion Angiography features of pelvic tumor are great value in guiding the clinical therapy.

Objective To analyze prognostic factors in children with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods Retrospective analyze the relationship between many factors of the diagnosed children with AML and their 3-years event-free survival(EFS).Statistics was analyzed with ?2 test.Results The 3-years EFS was 47.5%.According to the analysis of statistics,EFS of some children groups had statistical differences with their controls (P