Adult ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; pathology ; Male ; Neurocytoma ; pathology

Choroid Plexus Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lateral Ventricles ; pathology

Oligodendroglioma that occurs in the ventricle has been reported uncommonly. The case is reported of a 38-year-old man who presented with severe headache and vomiting and was discovered to have an oligodendroglioma in the lateral and third ventricles. The clinical presentation, radiological finding, pathology and response to radiation are described with brief review of general biology in oligodendroglioma.
Adult ; Biology ; Headache ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Oligodendroglioma* ; Pathology ; Third Ventricle* ; Vomiting

Cryptococcosis of central nervous system in uncommon, but fatal if untreated. We experienced a case of cryptococcal ventriculitis with hydrocephalus. The symptom was an increased intracranial pressure without meningeal irritation sign. It was confirmed by pathology and cytology taken from fibrous material, which caused an obstruction of shunt catheter in the lateral ventricle. We report a case of cryptococcal ventriculitis in 6 years old male child.
Catheters ; Central Nervous System ; Child ; Cryptococcosis ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Intracranial Pressure ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Pathology

Chordoid glioma is a rare low grade tumor typically located in the third ventricle. Although a chordoid glioma can arise from ventricle with tumor cells having features of ependymal differentiation, intraventricular dissemination has not been reported. Here we report a case of a patient with third ventricular chordoid glioma and intraventricular dissemination in the lateral and fourth ventricles. We described the perfusion MR imaging features of our case different from a previous report.
Adult ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/*secondary ; Fourth Ventricle/*pathology ; Glioma/diagnosis/*pathology ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles/*pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Third Ventricle/*pathology

Adult ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; analysis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lateral Ventricles ; chemistry ; pathology ; Male

AIMTo investigate whether the selective AT1 receptor antagonist irbesartan exerts neuroprotective effect on focal cerebral ischemia in normotensive rats.

METHODSCerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min followed by reperfusion, with the monitoring of laser Doppler flowmetry. To avoid the interaction with peripheral AT1 receptors, irbesartan was infused intracerebroventricularly (ICV) at a dose which effectively inhibited brain- but not vascular AT1 receptors. Neurological status was evaluated daily after MCAO. Rats were killed and brain samples were collected for the measurement of infarct size and immunohistochemical evaluation of apoptosis by deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and expression of activated Caspase-3 and the cleavage fragment of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).

RESULTSTreatment with irbesartan improved significantly the neurobehavioral functions after cerebral ischemia. The infarct size was reduced about 42% on day 7 after MCAO (P < 0.05). Meanwhile,irbesartan treatment significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the penumbra. The expression of activated Caspase-3 and the downstream cleavage fragment of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in the penumbra were also inhibited by irbesartan therapy on day 3 after transient cerebral ischemia.

CONCLUSIONAngiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist exhibits neuroprotection against transient cerebral ischemia in the brain. The neuroprotective effects in ischemic tissue may be associated with its inhibition of apoptotic cell death in the penumbra.

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Biphenyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; Cerebral Infarction ; pathology ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tetrazoles ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the etiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathologic characteristics, clinical prognosis and treatment of Dandy-Walker syndrome.

METHODSNine cases of Dandy-Walker syndrome were included in the study. The autopsy findings and clinical history were evaluated along with review of the literature. The causes, pathogenetic mechanism, pathologic features and prognosis of Dandy-Walker syndrome were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong 9 Dandy-Walker syndrome cases, six patients presented with variants of Dandy-Walker complex and 3 cases had classic Dandy-Walker malformation. In addition, 4 patients presented with combined lateral ventricle expansion and multiple malformations were seen in 7 cases. Combined umbilical cord abnormality was noted in 4 patients with variant of Dandy-Walker complex and combined placental abnormality was seen in one classic Dandy-Walker syndrome.

CONCLUSIONSDandy-Walker syndrome is a rare disease. In addition to complex pathogenesis with possible genetic and environmental antigenic etiologies, placental and umbilical cord abnormality may be also related to its development.

Abortion, Induced ; Autopsy ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Fetus ; pathology ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; pathology ; Male ; Placental Insufficiency ; pathology ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of rAAV-HIF-1α on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of Alzheimer disease (AD).

METHODSThirty-two male SD rats (250-300 g) were randomized into 4 groups (n=8), including the normal control group without any treatment, AD model group with right intracerebroventricular injection of 2 µl Aβ25-35 (10 mg/m1), sham-operated group with right intracerebroventricular injection of 2 µl normal saline, and AD+ rAAV-HIF-1α group with right intracerebroventricular injection of 10 µl rAAV-HIF-1a (1×10¹² v.g./m1) one week after Aβ25-35 injection. The rats were sacrificed to detect the expression of HIF-1α and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons 5 weeks after Aβ25-35 or saline injection.

RESULTSWestern blotting showed that the expression of HIF-1α was significantly higher in AD+rAAV-HIF-1α group (451.59±34.39) than in normal control group (229.05±41.28) and sham-operated group (216.29±37.08) (P<0.05) without significant difference between the latter two groups. The apoptotic ratio of the hippocampal neurons was significantly higher in AD model group ([19.49±2.59]%) than in normal control group ([5.41±0.75]%) and sham-operated group ([5.28±0.66]%) in (P<0.05), and intracerebroventricular injection of rAAV-HIF-1α resulted in a significant reduction of the apoptotic ratio in the AD rats ([12.07±2.06]%) (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntracerebroventricular injection of rAAV-HIF-1α can inhibit hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in the rat model of AD.

Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; therapy ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The purpose of this study is to explore the fate and effect of human embryonic neural stem cells (hNSCs) after transplantation into ipsilateral lateral ventricle of stroke rats. Adult rats were exposed to one-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and then hNSCs were transplanted into ipsilateral lateral ventricle 7 days after reperfusion. Infarct volume was calculated by cresyl violet staining. The improvements of neural functions were assessed by behavioral tests. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the migration and differentiation of transplanted hNSCs. The results showed that transplanted hNSCs significantly reduced ischemia-induced infarction in MCAO rats, and improved neural functional restoration when assessed by rotarod, footfault and corner-turn tests. The grafted cells migrated predominantly to several specific brain regions, such as corpus callosum and peri-infarct area. Furthermore, these cells differentiated into oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in corpus callosum, and neurons in peri-infarct parenchyma. These results suggest that transplanted hNSCs through lateral ventricle of the ischemic side may exert effective therapeutic effects on stroke rats via migration and differentiation in specific brain regions.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; Brain ; cytology ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Humans ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; therapy ; Lateral Ventricles ; Neural Stem Cells ; transplantation ; Neurons ; cytology ; Oligodendroglia ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley