Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a newly emerging imaging modality for preclinical and clinical applications. The conventional PAI systems use Q-switched Nd:YAG/OPO (Optical Parametric Oscillator) nanosecond lasers as excitation sources. Such lasers are expensive, bulky, and imaging speed is limited because of low pulse repetition rate. In recent years, the semiconductor laser technology has advanced to generate high-repetitions rate near-infrared pulsed lasers diodes (PLDs) which are reliable, less-expensive, hand-held, and light-weight, about 200 g. In this article, we review the development and demonstration of PLD based PAI systems for preclinical and clinical applications reported in recent years.
Lasers, Semiconductor

We observed the changes of IOP after contact transscleral cyclophotocoagualtion with Diode laser which emit 810mm beam and we tride to investigatethe suitable level and range of energy when Diode laser was applied to the refractory glaucoma patients. Fifteen eyes underwent contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with energy 3J(Group A, 6eyes), 4J(Group B, 9eyes) separately and intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 month, 3 month, 4month, 5month, 6month, postoperatively. The intraocular pressure(IOP) decreasing rate was 83.02% in A group and 64.72% in B group. The success rate was 50% in A group and 66.7% in B group at 6 month postoperatively. It is suggested that contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with Diode laser si useful in lowering IOP in refractory glaucoma patients.
Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Lasers, Semiconductor*

No abstract available.
Acceleration* ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

We evaluated the the effect and the suitable level of ciliary ablation with diode laser contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation[TSCPC] in eyes with refractory glaucoma. Fourteen eyes were treated with contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation on 180 degree[Group 1, 6 eyes], and 270 degree[Group 2, 8 eyes], and the intraocular pressure was measured at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 month, postoperatively. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 46.8+/-14.3 mmHg and the mean intraocular pressure at last examination was 29.5+/-13.2 mmHg. Success rate was defined as follows:[1] more than 20% intraocular pressure reduction from baseline, [2] less than 21 mmHg at final examination. Based on the definition of success 1, the success rate was 66.6% in group 1 and 87.5% in group 2. Based on the definition of success 2, the success rate was 50% in both group. It suggests that contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with diode laser is useful in lowering IOP in refractory glaucoma patients and the treatment is also effective with ablation of 180 degree area in refractory glaucoma patients.
Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lasers, Semiconductor*

Authors performed transscleral diode laser retinopexy through the conjunctiva, muscle and silicone scleral exoplant to evaluate its safety and efficacy in experimental rabbit eyes. Transscleral applications required energies of average 325. 2 mWwith duration of 0.5 second. The mean power required to produce comparable lesions through the conjunctiva, muscle and the buckle(MIRA #276)was 27%, 20%, and 33%higher, respectively. These results demonstrate that the diode laser photocoagulation applied through a scleral buckle is capable to produce chorioretinal scars without damaging the scleral tissue nor the buckling elements employed.
Cicatrix ; Conjunctiva ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Light Coagulation* ; Silicones*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Performing oncologically safe, wide surgical excisions and postoperative volumetric restoration of resected tongues to gain functional recovery are contrary problems to deal with in performing glossectomy. There is no report about the volumetric restoration of a resected tongue according to resecting devices until now. The purpose of this study is to clarify the difference of postoperative volumetric changes of a resected tongue using a scalpel, electrocautery and laser with or without closure. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We used 12 rabbits for each group according to the resecting devices and also equally divided each group according to the closure or non-closure method. The volumetric changes of a resected tongue were measured by the Archimedes principles in one, two, three, and six months postoperatively. RESULTS: Regardless of resecting devices, the postoperative volume of a resected tongue was gradually increased as elapsed time. The nonclosure method was better than the closure method with respect to the volumetric restoration of the resected tongue regardless of the resecting devices, but there was no statistical significance of volumetric restoration between the closure and nonclosure methods in each group (p>0.05). The superior resecting device for the volumetric restoration of a resected tongue was diode laser, especially compared to electrocautry, in both closure and nonclosure method (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The volumetric restoration after resection of the tongue using laser and nonclosure method are superior to electrocautery and to the closure method, respectively.
Electrocoagulation* ; Glossectomy ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Rabbits ; Tongue*

ABSTRACT Using laser for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) have recently shown promising results and better immediate reduction in pain scores. However, its efficacy and mechanism of action is controversial. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of diode laser compared with sodium fluoride varnish in treating DH in patients with gingival recession. Eighteen patients with Miller’s class I and class II gingival recession and hypersensitivity in at least two non-adjacent teeth were included in the study. Test surfaces (n = 25) were treated with diode laser, whilst control surfaces (n = 23) were treated with 5% sodium fluoride varnish. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were recorded for air and tactile stimulus for both groups at baseline, 15 min, 1 month and 3 months post-treatment. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in VAS scores at 15 min, 1 month and 3 months compared with baseline in both test and control surfaces, with no significant intergroup differences. However, the percentage reduction in DH was more in laser at all evaluation periods. The use of diode laser and sodium fluoride varnish showed good immediate and prolonged results. Further studies are needed to come up with more effective treatment methods.
Lasers, Semiconductor ; Dentin Sensitivity ; Gingival Recession

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of transcanalicular laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy (TCL-DCR) using a diode laser in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). METHODS: A total of 71 patients (76 eyes) who underwent TCL-DCR between May 2004 and April 2010 were analyzed. The functional and anatomic success rates were evaluated and the causes of failure were analyzed. RESULTS: The anatomic and functional success rates in primary TCL-DCR were 73.9% (51 of 69 eyes) and 62.3% (43 of 69), respectively. The causes of failure were membranous obstruction in 50.0% of the cases, granuloma formation in 38.9%, synechia formation in 5.6%, and canalicular stenosis in 5.6%. The anatomic and functional success rates were both 42.9% (3 of 7eyes) after TCL-DCR revision. CONCLUSIONS: The success rate of TCL-DCR is relatively comparable to that of conventional surgery. Additionally, the advantages of the procedure are its minimal invasiveness and convenience in an outpatient setting, suggesting that TCL-DCR may be an effective procedure for primary and secondary NLDO.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Outpatients

The purpose of this study was to validate the efficacy of transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (CPC)procedure in refractory glaucoma cases for which conventional medical or surgical filtering procedures had failed or were thought to have a poor likelihood of success. Thirty-eight eyes of 38 consecutive patients with refractory glaucoma received transscleral diode CPC. Patients were followed for a mean of 5.5 months. We reviewed available data at preoperative state and at 1 day, 1week, 1 month, 2 months and 4 months postoperatively. Data analyzed were visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP)and postoperative complications. There was a statistically significant decrease in IOP at postoperative 1day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 4 months compared with preoperative IOP. Postoperative complications were hyphema in 4 eyes and fibrinousuveitis in 1 eye but all of these complications were controlled with medical treatment. We concluded that transscleral diode CPC could be a good treatment proce-dure for the IOP control in refractory glaucoma cases.
Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Postoperative Complications ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: we clinically measured the temperature rise in real time and analyzed the difference of albino rabbit and pigmented rabbit in use of the specially designed thermometer. METHODS: Specially designed thermometer was attached into the subretinal pigment epithealial and choroidal space through the suprachoroidal space in three pigment and three albino rabbits, with diode laser of 810 nm wave length, 3 mm spot size. We examined the retinal temperature according to laser irradiance power at each ten seconds during sixty seconds and the laser power setting was 200 mW, 300 mW, 400 mW in pigmeted rabbit and 300 mW, 600 mW, 800 mW in albino rabbit. We analyzed the results based on the measurements at least three times per each irradiance power. RESULTS: In albino rabbit, the maximal range of retinal temperature change was 1.2 degrees C and 1.7 degrees C in 300 mW and 600 mW, 14.1 degrees C in 800 mW power of 810 nm diode laser irradiance. In pigmented rabbit, the maximal range of retinal temperature change was 12.1 degrees C in 200 mW of laser irradiance power, 16.2 degrees C in 300 mW, 24.3 degrees C in 400 mW during sixty seconds in 810 nm diode laser. CONCLUSIONS: We investigated the ratinal temperature at transpupillary thermotherapy in 810 nm wavelength diode laser on rabbits. The difference of retinal temperature change was in accordance with the amount of chorioretinal melanin pigment. Therefore if the laser power setting used in caucasians would be attempted in orientals, it is the point to be considered during transpupillary thermotherapy.
Choroid ; Hyperthermia, Induced* ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Melanins ; Rabbits* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Thermometers