Objective:To investigate the expression of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)subunits P50 and c-Rel protein in primary cortical neurons of Wistar rats at different time points of oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R).Methods:The neurons dissociated from the cortex of the neonatal rats were primary cultured and were identified by immunocytochemistry.OGD/R model was established.The study was divided into 6 groups according to different processing methods,including normal group,OGD 4 h treated,OGD 4 h/R 2 h treated,OGD 4 h/R 6 h treated,OGD 4 h/R 12 h treated and OGD 4 h/R 24 h treated groups.The expression of NF-?B P50 and c-Rel protein in neurons was examined by immunocytochemistry method and Western blotting.Results:(1)Immunocytochemistry detection targeting neuron specific enolase(NSE)and beta-Ⅲ tubulin confirmed that the cultured cells were neurons.(2)The expression of NF-?B P50 protein was significantly higher in OGD 4 h group than in control group(P

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of circular dumbbell decoy oligodeoxynucleotides targeting NF-?B on TNF-? expression in cortical neurons under the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R).Methods The cultured neurons dissociated from the cortex of neonatal rats were observed on the 7th day after culture.To make the ischemia/reperfusion model in vitro,the neurons were exposed to OGD 4 h before cultured in normal culture media.The neurons were divided into 5 groups according to different processing methods 2 h before exposure to OGD,including normal group,OGD4 h/R6 h treated,NF-?B decoy ODNs treated,scrambled decoy ODNs treated and TransfastFastTM Transfection Reagent treated groups.The protein level of NF-?B P65 in primary neurons was detected by Western blotting.The protein and mRNA levels of TNF-? were detected by immunocytochemical method and RT-PCR,respectively.Results NF-?B decoy ODNs could effectively inhibit the expression levels of NF-?B P65 protein,TNF-? mRNA and protein in neurons(P

Objective To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation to cerebellar fastigial nucleus on expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) P50, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Bcl-xL mRNA in rats brain after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC group), cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group), fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) group, and fastigial nucleus lesion (FNL) group. A focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). 7 and 14 days after operation, the infarct volume was measured, and the protein of NF-кB P50 in rats brain was detected with Western blotting; the expression of TNF-α and Bcl-xL mRNA was detected with RT-PCR. Results Compared with I/R group, the expression of NF-кB P50 protein increased in FNS group (P<0.05), with the decrease of expression of TNF-α mRNA (P<0.01) and increase of Bcl-xL mRNA (P<0.05), while the infarct size decreased (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between FNL group and I/R group for all the measurements (P>0.05). Conclusion FNS could induce the expression of P50 protein and Bcl-xL mRNA, and inhibit the expression of TNF-α mRNA, and reduce infarct size, which may associated with the neuroprotection of central nervous system from injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ),nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) c-Rel and anti-apoptosis factor Bcl-xL in cultured Wistar rat cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R).Methods The rat cerebral cortical neurons were primarily cultured in vitro and a model of OGD/R was induced.The rats were divided into 7 groups:normal,OGD 4 h/R 6 h,OGD 4 h/R 12 h,OGD 4 h/R 6 h + PIO,OGD 4 h/R 6 h + PPARγ inhibitor T0070907 (TIO),OGD 4 h/R 12 h + PIO,and OGD 4 h/R 12 h + TIO groups.Western blot was used to detect the expression of PPARγ and NF-κB c-Rel protein in neurons.Reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the expression of Bcl-xL mRNA in neurons.Results Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of PPARγ and NF-κB c-Rel proteins after OGD/R were increased significantly compared to those of the normal group (P ＜0.01).After giving PIO,the expression levels of PPARγ and NF-κB c-Rel proteins were further increased,and they were significantly higher than those in the OGD 4 h/R 6 h and OGD 4 h/R 12 h groups (P ＜0.01),and after giving TIO,the expression levels of PPARγ and NF-κB c-Rel proteins were decreased,and they were significantly lower than those in the OGD/R group (P ＜0.05) and the corresponding PIO group (P ＜0.01).Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression level of Bcl-xL mRNA in the OGD 4 h/R 6 h group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P ＜0.01).The expression level of Bcl-xL mRNA in the PIO group was significantly higher than that in the OGD 4 h/R 6 h and OGD 4 h/R 12 h groups (P ＜0.01).After giving TIO,the expression of Bcl-xL mRNA was decreased.It was significantly lower than that in the OGD/R and corresponding PIO groups (P ＜ 0.05 and P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions PIO can upregulate the expression of PPARγ protein in cultured cortical neurons after OGD/R,and then increase the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-xL mRNA of NF-κB c-Rel regulation.This may be the part mechanism of PPARγ neuroprotective effect.

Objective To investigate neuroprotective mechanisms of vinpocetine by observing the effects of vinpocetine injection on the expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65,cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the ischemic cortex,and infarct volume after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods A focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was induced by suture method.The rats were randomly divided into a normal control,a cerebral ischemiareperfusion and a vinpocetine groups.They were also divided into either a day 7 subgroup or a day 14 subgroup (n =6 in each subgroup) according to the reperfusion time.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of PPARγand NF-κB P65 in the ischemic cortex.Triphenyl tetrazolium staining was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction.Results Western blot showed that at day 7 and 14 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,expression levels of PPARκ (all P＜0.001) and NF-κB p65 (all P＜0.001) in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group,the expression levels of PPARκ (all P ＜0.05) in the vinpocetine group were significantly higher than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group,but the expression levels of NF-κB p65 (all P ＜0.05) were significantly lower than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that COX-2 mRNA expression levels were upregulated significantly at day 7 and 14 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion compared with the sham operation group (all P ＜ 0.001),the expression levels of COX-2 mRNA in the vinpocetine group were significantly downregulated compared with the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (all P＜ 0.05).The infarct volumes at day 7 (134.308± 9.954 mm3vs.185.543 ± 9.100 mm3;q=10.659,P＜0.001) and at day 14 (137.865 ± 9.094 mm3vs.183.210±4.368 mm3;q=11.166,P＜0.001) in the vinpocetine group were significantly less than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group.Conclusions Vimpocetine significantly reduces infarct vohme after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,its mechanism may be associated with upreguhtion of PPARγexpression and downreguhtion of the expressions of NF-κB p65 and COX-2.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review on gamified exercise interventions for elderly patients with cognitive impairment to provide insights for the application of gamification design in exercise programs for this population.Methods:Guided by the scoping review framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, a systematic search was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Wiley Online Library. The search covered the period from the establishment of the databases to June 12, 2024. An integrative analysis was performed on the included literature.Results:A total of 12 studies were included. The most commonly used gamification elements were achievement- and progress-oriented features, while the most frequently applied behavior change theories were behavior change techniques and social cognitive theory.Conclusions:Gamification-based exercise interventions can improve adherence to exercise programs in elderly patients with cognitive impairment, promote physical activity, and enhance cognitive function. Future research should focus on combining various theories with different gamification elements to encourage proactive exercise behavior in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment.

Objective To explore the effect of jogging on the patients with depression disorder of liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency.Methods 100 patients with liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency depression disorder were randomly selected from Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province from March to September 2022.They were divided into observation group and control group(50 cases each)by random number table method.The control group received conventional antidepressant drug treatment,and the observation group was given jogging exercise regimen on the basis of the control group:exercise at least 4 times a week,30-60 min each time,and the heart rate was maintained at 110-120 times/min for 4 weeks.The depressive disorder of the patients was assessed by Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)and 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-17).Results After jogging exercise intervention,the total effective rate of the observation group was 94%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group 80%(P<0.05).HAMD-17 score was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group after intervention(F=12.575,P<0.05).The scores of cognitive impairment,block and sleep disturbance in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after intervention(F=12.575,P<0.05).The body weight factor scores of the observation group and the control group were significantly higher after intervention than before intervention(P>0.05).Conclusions Jogging exercise intervention therapy can significantly improve the depression of patients with liver-qi and spleen-deficiency depression disorder,and jogging can be an effective method to prevent and treat depression disorder.

Objective:To dynamically study the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (referred to as Guangxi), providing a basis for timely implementation of targeted prevention and control measures and scientific adjustment of intervention strategies.Methods:From 2015 to 2022, a survey was conducted in Guangxi on a county-by-county basis. One township/street was selected from each county based on the east, west, south, north, and center directions, and 20 pregnant women were selected from each township/street. Salt and urine samples were collected from the homes of pregnant women to detect salt and urine iodine levels.Results:A total of 78 034 pregnant women were surveyed from 2015 to 2022, with a median salt iodine concentration of 24.4 mg/kg. The overall coverage rate of iodized salt, qualification rate of iodized salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt, and the rate of non-iodized salt were 99.0% (77 250/78 034), 95.9% (74 105/77 250), 95.0% (74 105/78 034), and 1.0% (784/78 034), respectively. The comparison of qualified iodized salt consumption rates in different regions (cities) showed statistically significant difference (χ 2 = 3 801.28, P < 0.001), with Baise City had the highest (98.1%, 8 328/8 488) and Beihai City had the lowest (70.7%, 1 909/2 700); except for Beihai City, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in all other cities was over 90%. The median urinary iodine level among pregnant was 148 μg/L. The difference in urinary iodine levels among pregnant women between different years was statistically significant ( H = 2 516.52, P < 0.001), with the highest level in 2020 (169 μg/L) and the lowest level in 2015 (126 μg/L). From 2020 to 2022, the median urinary iodine level for pregnant women was ≥150 μg/L, while from 2015 to 2019, it was < 150 μg/L. There were statistically significant difference in urinary iodine levels among pregnant women in different regions (cities, H = 495.69, P < 0.001), with Liuzhou City and Guilin City had the highest levels (both at 156 μg/L), and Beihai City had the lowest level (132 μg/L). The median urinary iodine levels of pregnant women in the early, middle, and late stages of pregnancy were 154, 147, and 154 μg/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in urine iodine levels among pregnant women in different pregnancy stages ( H = 158.64, P < 0.001), with mid pregnancy being lower than early and late pregnancy ( P < 0.017). Conclusions:The overall iodine nutrition level of pregnant women in Guangxi is slightly insufficient, especially in coastal cities such as Beihai City. We should continue to adhere to the strategy of using iodized salt to prevent and control iodine deficiency disorders. At the same time, we should strengthen health education for pregnant women, and adopt targeted and precise iodine supplementation measures for pregnant women in different regions and during pregnancy.

Objective:To investigate the awareness and behavior of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control knowledge among pregnant women in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (referred to as Guangxi), and provide a basis for further targeted health education.Methods:From June to August 2023, a cross-sectional study method was used conduct a questionnaire survey about the awareness and behavior of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control knowledge on 819 pregnant women who underwent prenatal or inpatient examinations at county people's hospitals, maternal and child health centers, and township health centers in 14 counties of 7 cities in Guangxi.Results:A total of 819 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey. The score of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control knowledge among pregnant women was (6.1 ± 2.8) points, with an awareness rate of 62.4% (511/819). There were statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control knowledge among pregnant women of different ages, residence areas, fertility status, educational level, employmnet status, occupation, and per capita monthly income(χ 2 = 9.17, 37.51, 5.15, 87.12, 54.22, 50.17, 67.623, P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in various behaviors related to salt consumption habits, home salt packaging, awareness of which salt to eat, choices made when buying salt, salt preservation habits, whether or not the subject had eaten iodine-rich foods in the week before the survey, how often they had eaten iodine-rich foods in the year before the survey, and whether or not they had actively learned about iodine knowledge during pregnancy or before pregnancy between pregnant women with different levels of knowledge (χ 2 = 21.64, 12.81, 101.79, 123.20, 36.78, 59.76, 109.14, 98.10, P < 0.05). The main ways to obtain knowledge on prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders were medical workers(71.3%, 381/534), traditional media(54.5%, 291/534), community advocacy(53.4%, 285/534), news client and new media(50.2%, 268/534). Conclusions:The overall awareness rate of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control knowledge among pregnant women in Guangxi is not high. We should strengthen health education for pregnant women, especially young and multiparous women, those with low education and low income.

The prevalence of various types of mental illness has reached 17.5％, and the current treatment of mental illness generally includes western medicine, psychotherapy and physical therapy. Due to the high disability rate, low cure rate and easy recurrence, mental illness has become a major public health problem that seriously affects human health and social stability. And it has attracted the attention of the government and society. At present, the typical western medicine for treating mental illness has serious side effects, while new types of medicine for treating mental illness has a slow efficacy. Physical therapy has an unstable effect, and the side effects of drugs for treating mental illness lack effective method. These problems are expected to be successfully solved through traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and acupoint stimulation. This paper puts forward the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for the treatment of mental illness, and strives to build a technical system for the treatment of mental illness with integrated Chinese and Western medicine through the organic combination of multidisciplinary and multi-technology.Meanwhile, it lists some classic cases of treatment in order to provide reference for those who are keen on the integrated Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of mental disease.