Objective:To observe the change in expression level ofp75NTR(p75 neurotrophin receptor)in cultured hippocampal neurons during glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.Methods:Excitotoxicity was induced by glutamate in rat cultured hippocampal neurons; RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the change in expression level of p75NTR.Results:After glutamate exposure,p75NTR mRNA(P

Naive and chronically infected C57BL/6 mice were challenged percutaneously over the ear pinna with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. After 15 hours, the number of EOS increased significantly in the skin of chronically infected mice. Inflammatory cells aggre-gated in the vicinity of schisto.somula or entrapped intact and disintegrated schistosomula, forming granulocytic micro-abscesses in both groups. Ultrastructure studies revealed that flattened EOS tightly attached to the schistosomulum surface and degranulated. Local tegument damage occurred in the area of attacbment. NEU adherence did not seem to be as intimate as EOS, and degranulation was not seen. The tegument of the attached schis-tosoniulum remained normal. The result suggested that EOS appeared to be the efficient killer cell against skin phase schistosomula of S. japonicum (Figs. 1-6).

Objective To study the biological effect of ?3 adrenoceptor-activated electrophysiological activities in cardiac myocytes. Methods Changes of transient outward potassium ( Ito) and L-type calcium current ( ICa-L) in primary cultured guinea pig cardiacmyocytes were detected with the standard whole-cell patch clamp technique about 5 -10 min before and after administration of ?3 adrenoceptor agonist,4--2-hydroxy-( 3-chlorophenyl) ethyl-aminopropylphenoxyacetate ( BRL-37344; BRL). Results BRL could significantly increased the Ito in guinea pig cardiac myocytes with the I-V curve up-moved. When the membrane potential reached to + 80 mV,the density current increased from 6. 11 ? 1. 03 pA/pF to 8. 46 ? 2. 07 pA/pF ( n = 6,P =0. 013 064). BRL ( 10 -6mol/L) could significantly increase the ICa-Lin guinea pig cardiac myocytes,which was ( 2. 30 ?0. 75) -fold higher than in control group( n =5,P =0. 0063). When the membrane potential increased to + 10 mV ,the current,increased from 89. 25 ? 17. 83 pA to 205. 00 ? 72. 24 pA ( n = 5,P = 0. 006 3). Conclusion BRL-37344 can increase the transient Itoand ICa-L,thus further regulating the cardiac activities.

Autoimmune encephalitis is a group of inflammatory diseases related to autoantibodies that affect the central nervous system. Early diagnosis of patients with autoimmune encephalitis has certain difficulties, because the clinical manifestations caused by different types of autoantibodies can be non-specific, and the presence of multiple autoantibodies can cause variation and superposition of clinical manifestations. The article reported a case of autoimmune encephalitis patients with double positive anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 antibodies, and reviewed relevant literature for clinical reference.

Objective To study the effect of mAbN1,a monoclonal antibody against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1(NR1)on Ca2+ influx after glutamate stimulation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.Methods Excitotoxicity was induced by glutamate in cultured hippocampal neurons.Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the changes in intracellular free calcium concentration([Ca2+]i)at the level of cultured hippocampal neurons following pretreatment with mAbN1 and MK-801.Intracellular free calcium was imaged after loading cells with the fluorescent dye indicator fluo-3/AM.Results Our findings indicate that as compared with MK-801,mAbN1 can more significantly attenuate the glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i increase,and it has no effect on [Ca2+]i in physiological condition.Conclusion mAbN1 may alter the secondary structure of NR,consequently influence Ca2+ influx in excitotoxicity process.

the hydrolysis temperature.7 Components had been identified from 10 separated peaks,these accounted for 99.999% of the total volatile oil.The main components were Allyl isothiocyannte(89.411%),3-Butenyl isothiocyanate(7.364%) and 3-Butenenitrile(1.275%).Conclusion:The optimum extraction conditions were:hydrolysis temperature 50,pH value of buffer solution 5.0,concentration of ascorbic acid 0.5mmol/L.The yield rate of the volatile oil of this process can reach 0.164%,and this process was stable and feasible;the main components of the volatile oil were isothiocyanates,and the volatile oil also contained a small amount of aldehydes,ethers and nitriles.

Objective To explore and compare the clinical efficacy of levetiracetam tablets and compound sodium valproate sustained release tablets in the treatment of children and adolescents with epilepsy.Methods From April 2017 to April 2018,80 children and adolescents with epilepsy treated in Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou were selected as study objects,and they were randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots,with 40 cases in each group.The observation group was given levetiracetam tablets,and the control group was treated with valproate.The improvement of EEG after therapy,the total effective rate,and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed and evaluated.Results The EEG improvement rates after treatment for 6 months in the observation group and control group were 41.17％,45.71％,respectively,the difference was not statistically significant(x2 =0.508,P ＞0.05).The EEG improvement rates after treatment for 9 months in the observation group and control group were 70.58％,74.28％,respectively,the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.225,P ＞ 0.05).The total effective rate in the observation group was 92.50％,which was 95.00％ in the control group,the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups (x2 =0.354,P ＞ 0.05).However,the incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group(22.50％) was significantly lower than that of the control group(45.00％)(x2 =6.864,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both levetiracetam tablets and compound sodium valproate sustained release tablets have appreciable efficacy and safety in the treatment of epilepsy in children and adolescents,but levetiracetam therapy has less adverse reactions,which deserves further promotion in monotherapy of epilepsy in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of the extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb761) and the components isolated from the extract named ginkgolide B (GB) against damage of glutamate in pretreatment modes so that determine their application value and approach.

METHODBased on glutamate-induced excitotoxicity to primary cultures from neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat hippocampal neuron, our experiment utilized trypan blue, TUNEL and LDH to study the effect of EGb761 and GB on neuron in different doses pretreatment modes, as well as to compare with the NMDA receptor uncompetitive antagonist-MK-801.

RESULTEGb761 and GB can recrease cell viability, reduce apoptosis rate and decrease LDH leakage in different degree and depended on dose in certain range. The maximal protection was achieved at a concentration of 100 mg x L(-1), 100 micromol x L(-1), but inferior to MK-801 (10 micromol x L(-1)). The protective effect of GB is superior to EGb761.

CONCLUSIONTreatment with EGb761 and GB could protect the neurons against glutamate-induced injury. The maximal protection of GB was achieved by pretreatment is superior to EGb761, so its precautionanary intervention to high-risk population could have more value.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Ginkgolides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Lactones ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dust ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pneumoconiosis ; epidemiology ; Prevalence

Anti-neurexin-3α antibody-associated encephalitis is rare in clinical practice. It often has a history of pre-infection. It is characterized by abnormal mental behavior, seizures, decreased consciousness, cognitive and sleep disorders, movement disorder, central hypoventilation and autonomic nervous dysfunction. Among them, dyskinesias are mainly involuntary movements of the mouth, face and limbs, dystonia, myoclonic seizures and other manifestations of increased movement. Parkinson′s symptoms manifested as decreased movement are rarely reported. A encephalitis patient with positive anti-neurexin-3α antibody is reported, who is a young female, mainly with parkinsonism such as slow movement, unsteady walking, difficulty in starting and turning around, and inability to hold things in both upper limbs, accompanied by abnormal mental behavior and cognitive dysfunction. After treatment with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin, the prognosis is good.