Objective:to study the relationship between YSR and CBCL in adolescents.Method:466 adolescents were collected from 3 middle or high schools by striated random sampling. YSR (youth self report) and CBCL (child behavior checklist) were applied to the adolescents,and their parents .Result:there were 103 questions same in both YSR and CBCL, the Kappa=0.001-0.218 (P=0.975～0.000). In male, the result of YSR was correlated with only one syndrome in CBCL, in female, it correlated with 7 syndromes, introversion/extroversion, and the total score of CBCL. In middle school students, the result of YSR correlated with all subscores of CBCL. In adolescents of core family, in good relationship with parents, with father had higher educational level (high school), the result of YSR correlated with most of the subscores of CBCL.Conclusion:in the population of male, high school students, of non-core family, or in poor relationship with parents, results of YSR and CBCL are not consistent.

Objective: To investigate the related factors to depression in middle and high school students Method: The BDI (Beck depression inventory), EMBU (Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppufostran, own memories of parental rearing practices in childhood) and a self-designed psychosocial factor inventory were administrated to 1382 students in middle or high schools Result:The BDI score was positively correlated to some factors in EMBU, they were firm control and punishment, over-interference, rejection and deny, and over-protection Compared with those with low BDI score, the group with higher BDI score had more experiences of fosterage, being maltreated by family members, reared in inharmonious family, unhappy childhood and with more family history of suicide or violent behavior More of them were still in abnormal families, with poor parent-child relationship Their parents had less expectancy on them, they had poor academic achievement, even failed in go up to next grade; they were more bullied and inclined to bully peers, had no good friend, taking less sports or other entertainment, had less opportunity to be assumed class or school service jobs More of them were just before graduation Conclusion:Poor family background, poor school performance and academic stress are risk factors for depression of middle or high school students

Objective:To study the associated factors with suicide ideas in middle school students.Method:Multiple random sample method was used in the study. 1421 middle school students in Chengdu urban area were sampled and 1393 gave effective feedback. Self-made questionnaire (including age, sex, family circumstance, experience in childhood, substance abuse, question about suicide ideas, etc.), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC) were applied to the students.Results:328 (23.5%) of the 1393 have suicide ideas. The risk factors of suicide ideas included: 1) family factors: parents' divorce, father/mother's passing away, remarried family, experienced abuse in childhood, violence or suicide behavior of family member. 2) school factors: bullying or being bullied. 3) substance abuse: smoking, drinking and addictive drugs abuse. 4) high score of BDI. 5) high score in inter-person relation factor and being punished factor of ASLEC. 6) sex factor: female. Protecting Factors of suicide ideas included better achievement in school, singleton in family and harmony of family member.Conclusion:Suicide ideas were not rare in middle school students. Clinicians and teachers should discover and try to prevent possible suicide as early as possible.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of dual color fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) in detecting urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.MethodsThe probes of chromosome 3,7,17centromeres and chromosome 9p21 region (p16) were labeled by random primer method.FISH was performed on interphase nuclei of 80 urine specimens of cancer of the urinary bladder and 20 cases of healthy persons served as normal controls.Threshold value was established.The pathological diagnosis was the golden standard.Chromosome aberration was counted.The correlations between chromosome aberration and pathologic grading and staging and their sensibility of diagnosis for urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder were analyzed. Results The rate of numerical aberration of chromosome 3,7,17,9p21 was 47.5％(38/80),60.7％ (49/80),51.3％ (41/80) and 58.8％ (47/80) respectively.The positive rate of the combined use of 3,7,17 and 9p21 chromosome probes for detecting urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder was 76.3％ (61/80).The aberrations had no correlation to tumor stage.The aberration of chromosome 3,7 and 17 were correlated to pathologic grade significantly (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionThe progression of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder is related to the aberrations of chromosome.FISH is believed to be a very important method in diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder,which may have important clinical significance for the postoperative recurrence detection and prognosis.

A sensitive method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of folic acid (FA) and its active metabolite, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-M-THF), in human plasma. The analytes were extracted from plasma with methanol solution containing 10 mg/mL of 2-mercaptoethanol and 0.025% (v/v) ammonium hydroxide. FA and 5-M-THF were more stable after the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol and ammonium hydroxide in the sample preparation procedures of this study than they were in the previously published methods. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Hedera ODS-2 column using a gradient elution system of acetonitrile and 1 mM ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.6% formic acid as mobile phase. LC-MS/MS was carried out with an ESI ion-source and operated in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The assay was linear over the concentration ranges of 0.249-19.9 ng/mL for FA, and 5.05-50.5 ng/mL for 5-M-THF. The developed LC-MS/MS method offers increased sensitivity for quantification of FA and 5-M-THF in human plasma and was applicable to a pharmacokinetic study of FA and 5-M-THF.

The up-to-date quantitative structure-antitumor activity relationship studies of taxol analogues based on molecular modeling techniques were reviewed in the present paper. Both the common understandings and the debates about the contributions of several key structural groups, including the C13 side chain, the substituents of C14, C2 and C10 as well as the oxtane ring to the biological activities of taxol derivatives were summerized. In addition, the studies about other factors influencing the activity except for the structure and the classification research of the molecules were also discussed.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of sorafenib in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Methods From May 2007 to JUN 2009, 33 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were given oral sorafenib 400-600 mg twice daily. There were 23 males and 10 females in the study group. The pathological diagnosis of the primary tumors was clear cell carcinoma in 29 patients, papillary renal cell carcinoma in 2 patients, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in 1 patient and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma mixed with clear renal cell carcinoma in 1 patient. Fifteen patients had multiple organ metastases and 18 patients had single organ metastasis. The median follow-up time was 29 weeks. Results Four (12%) patients achieved partial remission, 2 (6%) patients achieved progression disease, the remaining 27 (82%) patients achieved stable disease. Complete remission was not observed in the group. Two of the partial remission patients benefited on bone metastases. Common toxicities were skin reaction (85%), diarrhea (46%), erythra (42%), alopecia (36%), oral ulcer (18%) and hypertension (9%). Conclusions Sorafenib could be effective in controlling tumor growth. The overall effectiveness was 12%, the disease control proportion was 94% in this group and its toxicity was relatively minor and well tolerated.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of abdominal radical nephrectomy and systematic lymph node dissection for treatment of renal carcinoma. Methods A total of 136 patients underwent radical nephrectomy and regional clearance of lymph nodes from July 2004 to June 2008.There were 92 males and 44 females in the study group.Ages ranged from 23 to 81 years,with a mean age of 54 years.The mean tumor diameter was 55 mm (range,15-170 mm).The tumor size detected by CT and MRI was consistent with that detected by B-ultrasound,98 were stage Ⅰ,13stage Ⅱ,12 stage Ⅲ,and 2 stage Ⅳ. Results All 136 cases underwent radical nephrectomy with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.All operations were successful without any major complication.The operative time was 90 to 180 min,with an average of 120 min,and blood loss was 20-400 ml,with an average of 50 ml.The pathological diagnoses were as follows: renal cell carcinoma 123 cases (90%), papillary renal cell carcinoma six cases(4%),chromophobic two cases(1.4%),oncocytoma two cases(1.4%),collecting duct two(1.4%),and others three cases(2.2%).Eight cases reported positive lymph nodes.Of the 136 cases,92 cases were T1 N0 M0,11 were T2 N0 M0,10 were T3 N0 M0,eight were T3 N1 M0 and two were T1 N0 M1.Ninety-five cases (70%) were followed-up at six to 40 months (mean,20 months).The one year and three year survival rates were 96% (91/95) and 86% (82/95),respectively.Conclusions Radical nephrectomy with systematic lymph dissection has advantages of accurate staging,effective resecting of renal tumors and preventing recurrence.Radical nephrectomy is an effective method for the treatment of renal carcinoma.

It is the intent of this paper to locate the activation point in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) efficiently. The schemes of coil array in torus shape is presented to get the electromagnetic field distribution with ideal focusing capability. Then an improved adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is applied to the optimization of both value and phase of the current infused in each coil. Based on the calculated results of the optimized current configurations, ideal focusing capability is drawn as contour lines and 3-D mesh charts of magnitude of both magnetic and electric field within the calculation area. It is shown that the coil array has good capability to establish focused shape of electromagnetic distribution. In addition, it is also demonstrated that the coil array has the capability to focus on two or more targets simultaneously.
Algorithms ; Brain ; physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; instrumentation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Equipment Design ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; physiology ; Humans ; Neurons ; physiology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Objective To estimate the prevalence and related direct medical costs of chronic complications,especially cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,and nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China.Method Data were extracted from the hospital information system(HIS) database of 4 top level Chinese hospitals from January 1st,2012 to May 31st,2017.Patients with T2DM were identified through international classification of diseases,tenth version (ICD-10) diagnosis supplemented with Chinese descriptions.The prevalences of complications including cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,nephropathy,diabetic foot,lower extremity vascular diseases,diabetic retinopathy,and diabetic neuropathy were estimated among all identified patients with T2DM.The costs per hospitalization and per outpatient visit under the primary diagnoses of each chronic complication were further estimated.Results There were 61 139 patients with T2DM,with mean age of(62.1 ± 13.6) years,50.5％ being males.66.8％ of them had chronic complications,and patient suffered from more than 2 complications on average.The most common complication was nephropathy (30.5％),followed by diabetic neuropathy (26.8％),diabetic retinopathy (26.3％),cardiovascular disease (24.9％),and cerebrovascular disease (19.2％).The cost per hospitalization was highest for cardiovascular disease(21 176 yuan),followed by diabetic foot disease(18 999 yuan) and cerebrovascular disease (16 583 yuan).The cost per outpatients visit varied from 826 to 976 yuan across different complications except for lower extremity vascular diseases (522 yuan).Conclusions The majority of patients with T2DM suffered from chronic complications.The occurrence and development of chronic complications,especially cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,and nephropathy,led to increased direct medical costs among patients with T2DM.Effective interventions,such as regular physical examinations and proper glycemic control,should be implemented to prevent complications among the diabetic patients.