optrA, a transferrable linezolid resistance gene, was identified in a clinical strain of En-terococcus faecalis isolated in China in 2015. This gene is 1968 bp in length, encoding 655 amino acids. And the sequence of these amino acids shares high homology with the amino acid sequence of ABC transport-er, resulting in resistance to oxazolidinones ( linezolid and tedizolid) and phenicols ( florfenicol and chloram-phenicol) . Linezolid is an important oxazolidinone antibiotic used in the treatment of refractory infections such as infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the appearance and prev-alence of optrA gene have drawn worldwide attention. In this review, we focus on the discovery, epidemiolo-gy and molecular transmission mechanism of optrA gene.

The amount of data generated by the human experience in medical cases of classic formulas is large and the research value is high， but how to extract valuable information from these massive data is an important problem of researches on classical formulas. It is concluded that there are many problems in the current study of human experience in classical formulas， such as large amount of data， uneven quality， weak extrapolation and clinical application， which seriously affected the evidence strength of human experience in classical formulas and the contribution to experience accumulation and theoretical support. Therefore， from the structural perspective of the research questions， this paper proposed the research ideas of human experience in medical cases of classic formulas： firstly， according to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） cases， based on the PICO model， which refers parti-cipants （P）， intervention （I）， comparisons （C）， and outcomes （O）， a TCM medical record evaluation tool in line with the evidence-based concept was constructed to evaluate the quality of medical cases； secondly， constructing a standardized database of human experience in classical formulas and using data mining algorithms to explore the deep relationship hidden in human experience； finally， the clinical value evaluation is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the diagnosis and treatment rules of classical formulas to achieve clinical transformation.