Following ageing, memory and learning attenuate apparently. Mechanisms responsible for the aging related memory and learning deficit may involve in synaptic morphology and fanction deterioration in hippocampas, changes of central neurotransmitter systems、 brain intracellular calcium ions concentration、 gene expression and neurotrophasthemic etc. The mechanisms of aging related attenuation in memory and learning is summarized.

Objective To establish a system for rapidly detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) using hybridization probes and melting temperature (Tm) curve analysis. This technique is suitable for population-based studies on the interaction between genetic factors and environmental exposures and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods mtDNA was extracted from the blood. Rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and melting curve analyses were performed with primers and fluorochrome-labeled probes on a LightCycler. Genotyping of 10 SNPs was based on the analysis of allele-specific Tm of detection probes. The results of melting curve analyses were verified by sequencing all 150 PCR products. Results Real-time monitoring showed optimal PCR amplification of each mtDNA fragment. The changes at nucleotide positions 1719, 4580, 7028, 8251, 9055, 10398, 12308, 13368, 13708, 16391 from wild-type to mutant genotype resulted in 6.51, 8.29, 3.26, 7.82, 4.79, 2.84, 2.73, 9.04, 8.53, 9.52℃ decline in Tm of the detection probes respectively. Genotyping of all detected genes was verified by 100% correspondence with the results of sequencing. Conclusion A rapid and reliable detection system for identifying mitochondrial polymorphisms and haplotypes has ben developed based on hybridization probe technology. This method may be suitable for mitochondrial genotyping of samples from large-scale epidemiology studies and may prove useful for exploring the molecular etiopathogenesis of PD, identifying markers of genetic susceptibility, and protecting susceptible individuals from PD.

Objective To explore the effect of BPDE on the expression of N-Ras in the human bronchial epithelial cell line. Methods The levels of mRNA and protein expression in BPDE transformed 16HBE cells(16HBE-T) and untransformed control 16HBE cells(16HBE-N) were examined by using RT-PCR and Western blot. Locations and expression levels of protein in both kinds of cells were analyzed by immunocytochemical method. Results Compared with 16HBE-N, the levels of mRNA and protein of N-Ras significantly increased to 3.616 and 1.600 times in 16HBE-T. Immunocytochemical method showed N-Ras protein in 16HBE-T and 16HBE-N expressed in the cytomembrane and cytoplasm, but the expression level of protein in 16HBE-T was significantly higher than that in 16HBE-N. Conclusion The up-regulated expression of N-Ras oncogene may play an important role in the malignant transformation of 16HBE induced by BPDE

The integrator complex is multifunctional and contains at least 12 evolutionarily conserved subunits in hu-mans.It interacts with the C-terminal tail of the largest subunit of RNA-polymeraseⅡ ( RNAPⅡ) to promote 3′-end pro-cessing of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) U1/U2.It also interacts with RNAPⅡ, NELF and Spt5 to regulate NELF-mediated RNAPⅡpause/release and processivity at coding genes .Recently, the integrator complex is also reported to be involved in DNA damage response , dynein recruitment to the nuclear envelope , integrity of Cajal bodies , adipose differentiation , hem-atopoiesis , ciliogenesis , tumorigenesis and generation of viral microRNAs .This review discusses related research progress in the integrator complex .

56 school-aged children with epilepsy and 37 normal ones of the same gender,age and educational level were selected. All the subjects' parents completed the child adaptive behavior scale, the mutiple stepwise linear re-gression was used to explore the impact of epilepsy related factors on social adaptive function. The social adaptive function of school-aged children with epilepsy faulty is affected by seizure frequence,gender,age,epilepsy control, clinical course,and the number of antiepileptic drugs.

Objective To establish and optimize a method to extract and determine rhynchophylline in a traditional Chinese herb,Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis. Methods Cold maceration with methanol and supersonic extraction was used to treat the medical material. Chromatography was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m). Gradient elution was employed with a mobile phase consisting of methanol (solution A) and ammonium acetate buffer (0.01 mol/L,pH 6.0 adjusted by ammoniae aqua,solution B) as follows: A∶B from 25∶75 to 50∶50 from 0 to 20 min. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min and the column was maintained at 20 ℃. The detector was monitored at 245 nm. Results The calibration curve was linear among the concentration range of 0.25 to 64.0 ?g/ml (y=3.64?104x-2.13?104,r=0.999 5) and the relative recovery ranged from 95.95% to 114.4%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the reproducibility test was 6.50% and of the stability test was 4.62%,2.65% and 4.58% from the high density to the low. Conclusion Our method is accurate,reliable and with good reproducibility,and it can be used for determining rhynchophylline in Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis.

AIM To study the effect of bioactive compounds from entomogenous fungi (BCEF0083) on sleep-wakefulness cycle and behaviour in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats. METHODS The effect of BCEF0083 on sleep-wakefulness cycle and behaviour was examined in the chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats. Stereotaxic and polysomnography were used to record the sleep-wakefulness cycle. The behaviour of rats was tested in the open field. RESULTS BCEF0083 increased ambulation and rearing score of chronic unpredictable stressed rats in the open field. BCEF0083 attenuated REMS percent and latency in chronic stressed rats obviously. CONCLUSION BCEF0083 can ameliate sleep-wakefulness cycle and behaviour in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats.

AIM: To study the effect of bioactive compounds from Entomogenous fungi (BCEF0083), on AVP content of hypothalamus, pituitary and expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA of hippocampus in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats. METHODS: The depression animal model was induced by chronic unpredictable stress. The effect of BCEF0083 on AVP content in hypothalamus and pituitary was tested by radioimmunoassay. RT-PCR was used to test the expression of GR mRNA in hippocampus. RESULTS: BCEF0083 decreased the AVP content of hypothalamus and pituitary in chronic unpredictable stressed rats, and increased the expression of GR mRNA of hippocampus in chronic stressed rats. CONCLUSION: BCEF0083 exhibits antidepressant effect by attenuating the stimulated function of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of bioactive compounds from entomogenous fungi(BCEF0083)on hip-pocampus neurons and mRNA expression of BDNF in chronic stress depression rat models.METHODS:The selected rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,moclobemide20mg/kg group,and BCEF0083100,50,25mg/kg groups.The change in hippocampus neuron numbers were observed by HE staining and mRNA expression of BDNF was detected with RT-PCR.RESULTS:BCEF0083could increase the neuron numbers and up-regulate the expression of BDNF mRNA in hippocampus.CONCLUSION:The antidepressant effect of BCEF0083in chronic stress depression rat models is probably re-lated to the increase in hippocampus neuron numbers and up-regulation of expression of BDNF mRNA in hippocampus.

OBJECTIVE: To study the antidepressant effects of total flavone of A( TFA) on post stroke depression ( PSD) in rats. METHODS: Middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO) followed by isolation feed and irritable stimuli was used to induce PSD. Behaviours of rats were detected by open- field test . The effects of TFA on the indexes of hemorheology and brain homogenate lipid peroxidation were also tested. RESULTS: TFA could increase the crossing and rearing scores in open- field test, inhibit the elevation of whole blood viscosity as well as plasma viscosity at high- middle- low shear rates, increase the erythrocyte deformation, enhance the activities of Superoxide Dismutase ( SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase ( GSH- Px) , and reduce Malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in brain homogenate in PSD in rats. CONCLUSIONS: TFA produces an antidepressant- like effect in PSD rats. This mechanism may be in association with attenuating hemorheological parameters and decreasing lipid peroxidative damage.