Objective To assess the efficacy of the two antiviral medications in preventing cytomegalovirus infection and cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients.Method We searched articles from Pubmed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,Wanfang Med Online,and China's biomedical journal citation database on line.Randomized controlled trials evaluating preemptive treatment and universal prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus infection and cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients were reviewed.Two reviewers screened studies and assessed study quality according to the study population,intervention measure and results.Finally data from included studies were subjected to meta-analysis.Result Six studies involving total 752 renal transplant recipients were included in this review.Compared with preemptive treatment,universal prophylaxis significantly reduced the risk of cytomegalovirus infection at 3 rd and 12 th month,and the risk of cytomegalovirus disease at 12 th month after transplantation (RR =12.13,95 ％ CI.6.59～22.36,P＜0.05; RR =2.21,95％CI:1.62～3.01,P＜0.05; RR=1.79,95％Chl.22～2.63,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of other opportunistic infection and acute rejection.Conclusion Universal prophylaxis was more effective than preemptive treatment in preventing CMV infection and CMV disease in renal transplant recipients.

Objective To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline on the cell proliferation of, collagen synthesis and TGF-β1 expression by human fibroblasts derived from keloid. Methods Skin samples were obtained from the lesions of 3 patients with keloid and normal skin of 3 human controls followed by primary culture of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts of 5th to 8th generation were cultured with pentoxifylline of 0.1 to 3 g/L for various durations. Then, MTT assay was performed to detect the cell proliferation of fibroblasts, double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the expression of TGF-β1, and reversetranscription PCR to examine the mRNA expressions of procollagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ in these fibroblasts. Results The pentoxifylline of 0.1 to 2 g/L markedly inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts derived from keloid lesions and normal skin, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with the strongest effect observed in fibroblasts treated with pentoxifylline of 2 g/L. A significant reduction was induced in the TGF-β1 mRNA expression in keloidand normal skin-derived fibroblasts by pentoxifylline of 0.5 to 2 g/L (all P < 0.01), and in the mRNA expression of procollagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ by pentoxifylline of 1 and 2 g/L (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Concretely, the relative mRNA expression level of procollagen Ⅰ and Ⅲwas 0.873 ± 0.077, 0.571 ± 0.050 respectively in keloid fibroblasts respectively, and 0.473 ± 0.035, 0.370 ± 0.045 in the control fibroblasts, after treated with pentoxifylline of 1 g/L, 0.750 ± 0.036 and 0.433 ± 0.045 respectively in keloid-derived fibroblasts, 0.390 ± 0.030 and 0.250 ±0.123 respectively in the control fibroblasts, after treated with pentoxifylline of 2 g/L, significantly lower than that in the keloid-derived (1.216 ± 0.061 and 0.953 ± 0.060) and control (0.836 ± 0.080 and 0.776 ± 0.041) fibroblasts without treatment. Conclusion Pentoxifylline shows an evident suppressive effect on the cell proliferation of, as well as the expression of TGF-β1 and procollagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ in fibroblasts derived from keloid lesions and normal skin.

AIM To study the effect of bioactive compounds from entomogenous fungi (BCEF0083) on sleep-wakefulness cycle and behaviour in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats. METHODS The effect of BCEF0083 on sleep-wakefulness cycle and behaviour was examined in the chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats. Stereotaxic and polysomnography were used to record the sleep-wakefulness cycle. The behaviour of rats was tested in the open field. RESULTS BCEF0083 increased ambulation and rearing score of chronic unpredictable stressed rats in the open field. BCEF0083 attenuated REMS percent and latency in chronic stressed rats obviously. CONCLUSION BCEF0083 can ameliate sleep-wakefulness cycle and behaviour in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats.

AIM: To study the effect of bioactive compounds from Entomogenous fungi (BCEF0083), on AVP content of hypothalamus, pituitary and expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA of hippocampus in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats. METHODS: The depression animal model was induced by chronic unpredictable stress. The effect of BCEF0083 on AVP content in hypothalamus and pituitary was tested by radioimmunoassay. RT-PCR was used to test the expression of GR mRNA in hippocampus. RESULTS: BCEF0083 decreased the AVP content of hypothalamus and pituitary in chronic unpredictable stressed rats, and increased the expression of GR mRNA of hippocampus in chronic stressed rats. CONCLUSION: BCEF0083 exhibits antidepressant effect by attenuating the stimulated function of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats.

Objective:Vernonia anthelmintica,with complicated components,is a common medicine for the treatment of vitiligo.The purpose of this study was to establish and optimize the separation conditions of high performance liquid chromatography fingerprints(HPLC-FPs) for Vernonia anthelmintica(L.) Willd.Methods: We investigated the HPLC-FPs of different extraction samples by the retention times and relative areas of common peaks in the fingerprints.Results: We established the optimum separation conditions of HPLC-FPs for Vernonia anthelmintica(L.) Willd,and obtained 19 common peaks in the fingerprints.The HPLC-FPs of the 85% ethanol extract were quite similar to those of the semi-bionic extract(SBE) but very different from those of the water extract of Vernonia anthelmintica(L.) Willd.The No.1,4,6,11,12,14 and 16-19 peaks were the endemic ones of the HPLC-FPs of the 85% ethanol extract and SBE of Vernonia anthelmintica(L.) Willd,while No.20-30 were the endemic peaks of the HPLC-FPs of the water extract.Conclusion: The results of our study has provided experimental evidence for further investigation into the constituents absorbed into blood,pharmaceutical technology and pharmacodynamics of Vernonia anthelmintica(L.) Willd.

Objective To investigate the musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) findings in Chinese knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients.Methods All the MSUS data were from the outpatients with knee OA who visited Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology,Peking University First Hospital from February 2013 to August 2014.MSUS findings included number and position of osteophyte,synovitis,thickness of cartilage,and so on.Comparisons between groups were made using t test,Chi-square tests.Results Six hundreds and seventy-four patients were included.Almost all the patients (96.1％) had osteophytes,most patients had both knees osteophytes.The most common osteophyte location was femoral (85.2％),followed by tibia and the upper edge of patella.The number of osteophytes differed from none to ten,and the distribution of bilateral knee osteophytes was symmetrical in most patients.There was no significant difference in the number of osteophytes between male and female,and patients over 60 years old had more osteophytes than the patients aged 60 or below.In all bursae lesions,the suprapatellar bursa were the most commonly affected [effusion,279 (41.4％),synovial hyperplasia,189(28.0％),synovitis 24 (3.6％)].There was no significant difference in the cartilage thickness between bilateral knees.But the cartilage thickness of female patients was significantly thinner than that of men [left:(2.0±0.5) mm vs (2.5:1:0.8) mm,t=3.859,P＜0.05;right:(2.0:1:0.5) mm vs (2.5±0.8) mam,t=4.109,P＜0.05],and the patients over 60 years old had thinner cartilage than patients younger than 60 years old [left:(2.0±0.6) mm vs (2.2±0.6) mm,t=2.108,P＜0.05;right:(2.0±0.6) mm vs (2.2±0.6) mm,t=2.507,P＜ 0.05].None patient had Calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (CPPD) deposition in the cartilage.Conclusion In the ultrasonographic findings of knee OA in China,osteophyte could be found in 96％ patients,the most common location of osteophyte is the femur area.The distribution of bilateral knee osteophytes is symmetrical in most patients.Patients over 60 years old have more osteophytes.Nearly haff patients have joint effusion,one third patients have synovial hyperplasia or synovitis.Bilateral knee cartilage degeneration is symmetrical.Women and patients over 60 years old have thinner cartilage.

Objective To evaluate the validity of assessing synovitis and tenosynovitis by using musculoskeletal ultrasound scoring systems after standardized training in Chinese doctors.Methods All participants received a 30 minutes' training for the ultrasound scoring systems of synovitis and tenosynovitis.Ten static images were applied to evaluate the changes before and after training,respectively.Each parameter was assessed by a four scale semi-quantitative system recommended by outcomes measures in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials (OMERACT).Paired t-test was used to assess the differences before and after training.Results Thirteen rheumatologists and two ultrasonographers completed the entire procedure.Significant differences were found before and after training when assessing the severity of gray-scale of synovitis (0.61± 0.30 vs 0.45±0.23;t=2.230,P＜0.05) and power Doppler of synovitis (0.57±0.26 vs 0.31±0.18;t=2.928,P＜0.05) and tenosynotis (0.56±0.15 vs 0.31±0.16;t=5.286,P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found when assessing the gray scale of tenosynovitis (t=-1.679,P＞0.05).Conclusion Standardized training is helpful to improve the validity of ultrasound scoring systems of synovitis and tenosynovitis in Chinese rheumatologists and ultrasonographers.The validity of assessing gray-scale of tenosynovits needs improvement.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of bioactive compounds from entomogenous fungi(BCEF0083)on hip-pocampus neurons and mRNA expression of BDNF in chronic stress depression rat models.METHODS:The selected rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,moclobemide20mg/kg group,and BCEF0083100,50,25mg/kg groups.The change in hippocampus neuron numbers were observed by HE staining and mRNA expression of BDNF was detected with RT-PCR.RESULTS:BCEF0083could increase the neuron numbers and up-regulate the expression of BDNF mRNA in hippocampus.CONCLUSION:The antidepressant effect of BCEF0083in chronic stress depression rat models is probably re-lated to the increase in hippocampus neuron numbers and up-regulation of expression of BDNF mRNA in hippocampus.

OBJECTIVE: To study the antidepressant effects of total flavone of A( TFA) on post stroke depression ( PSD) in rats. METHODS: Middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO) followed by isolation feed and irritable stimuli was used to induce PSD. Behaviours of rats were detected by open- field test . The effects of TFA on the indexes of hemorheology and brain homogenate lipid peroxidation were also tested. RESULTS: TFA could increase the crossing and rearing scores in open- field test, inhibit the elevation of whole blood viscosity as well as plasma viscosity at high- middle- low shear rates, increase the erythrocyte deformation, enhance the activities of Superoxide Dismutase ( SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase ( GSH- Px) , and reduce Malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in brain homogenate in PSD in rats. CONCLUSIONS: TFA produces an antidepressant- like effect in PSD rats. This mechanism may be in association with attenuating hemorheological parameters and decreasing lipid peroxidative damage.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of the extracts of Paederia scandens (EPS) on acute gouty arthritis induced by monosodium urate in rats. METHODS: Monosodium urate crystals were used to establish gouty arthritis model in rats, with ankle joints' swelling degree at different time after modeling measured using paw volume measuring meter and gaits of rats scored at 24h after modeling. Pathological changes of articular tissues of rats were observed with HE staining and TNF-? and IL-1? levels were monitored by Radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:EPS could significantly inhibit joint swelling of rats and improve the gaits; histopathologically, EPS could abate tissue swelling of ankle joints, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration of articlar tissues and improve the pathological changes of synovial membranes. Radiommunoassay revealed that EPS could reduce levels of TNF-? and IL-1? in rats' synovial membranes. CONCLUSION:EPS have remarkable efficacy in improving symptoms of acute gouty arthritis induced by monosodium urate crystals in rats, which might be related to its inhibition on levels of IL-1? and TNF-?.