Objective:To establish an HPLC method compatible with the mass spectrometry for the determination of the content and related substances in amlodipine besylate tablets. Methods:The sample was separated on a CAPCELL PAK C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 20 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate (60∶40) at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 237 nm. The column temperature was 35℃ and the injection volume was 20 μl. Be-sides, an HPLC-QTOF MS method was used to identify the molecular structure of the related substances of amlodipine. Results: The related substances were completely separated from amlodipine. The linear range of amlodipine besylate was 10-100 μg · ml-1 ( r =0. 999 8), and the mean recovery was 99. 2%(RSD=1. 0%,n=9). The main related substances could be detected by HPLC-QTOF MS. Conclusion:The established method is accurate, reliable and reproducible, which can be used in the quality control of amlodip-ine besylate tablets.

Objective To discuss the image of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) about high myopia. Methods Tweenty seven patients (54 eyes) with high myopia underwent ocular examination, fundus color photography, simultaneous ICGA and fluorescein angiography (FFA) with the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope.The findings for the two modes of amgiographies were compared. Results Lacquer crack was evident on ICGA in 19 eyes among which the focal, plaque choroidal neovascularization (CNV) were apparent in the middle part of lacquer cracks in 10 eyes (52.6%) .In comparison the lacquer cracks were seen in only 7 eyes on FFA. Choroidal capillary atrophy was seen on ICGA and FFA in 14 eyes and ICGA shew thick choroidal vessels in 3 eyes. Conclusion ICGA is superior to FFA for showing choroidoretinal degeneration and atrophy,lacquer crack and CNV in high myopic eyes, and conduce to evaluating prognosis.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of ai-weizhi on anterior ischmic optic neuropathy (AION). Methods In 58 patients (60 eyes) who were diagnosed as with AION, 29 patients (30 eyes) underwent intravenous drip with ai-weizhi (1 200 mg/d) (treatment group), and the other 29 patients (30 eyes) underwent intravenous drip with 1-2 kinds of thrombolytic coagulant or vasodilator (once per day) (control group) with the period of treatment of 15 days. In the control group, ocular local injection, including gluco-corticosteroid and 654-2 behind or beside the eyeball injected once per day or every 2 days for 3-5 times, was perfomed on 20 eyes simultaneously. The changes of visual acuity and ocular fundus of the patients after injection were recorded, and the visual field was counterchecked in the patients who had underwent the examination before the treatment. Results The visual acuity was better in treatment group than which in control group with a significant difference (t=2.74, ?0.05). At the 5th、 10th and 15th day after treatment, the visual acuity was better in treatment group than which in control group with a significant difference(t=2.01, P

ObjectiveTo observe and estimate the image characters of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in atrophic age-related macular degeneration(AMD) and macular drusen.MethodsFFA, ICGA and fundus photography were performed on 95 eyes of 73 atrophic AMD patients, including 19 patients (26 eyes) with depigmentation and atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), 15 (30 eyes) with macular drusen, and 39 (39 fellow eye) with unilateral exudative AMD. ResultsIn 26 eyes with depigmentation and atrophy of RPE, the result of FFA of 24 eyes with depigmentaion showed patch hyperfluorescence, and of ICGA showed patch hyperfluorescence and hypofluorescence on the late photographs; in 2 eyes with maplike atrophy of RPE, the result of FFA showed patch hyperfluorescence, and of ICGA showed choriocapillaris defect with sharply demarcated boundaries and hypofluorescence of large choroidal vessels. In 30 eyes with macular drusen, the result of FFA of 8 eyes with hard drusen showed hyperfluorescence, and of ICGA showed patch and spot hyperfluorescence; the result of FFA of 16 eyes with soft drusen showed hyperfluorescence, and of ICGA showed persistent patch hypofluorescence intermixed with cluster hyperfluorescence; and the result of FFA of 6 eyes with both soft and hard drusen showed hyperfluorescence, and of ICGA showed patch hyperfluorescence intermixed with hypofluorescence. When it was hypofluorescence in ICGA in patients with macular drusen, larger quantity and range of fluorescence were found in FFA than in ICGA; when it was hyperfluorescence in ICGA, smaller quantity and range of fluorescence were found in FFA than in ICGA. In 39 fellow eyes of unilateral exudative AMD, 32 or 31 eyes, examined by ICGA or FFA, had abnormal fluorescence of drusen and depigmentation and atrophy of RPE damage.ConclusionsSimultaneous examination of ICGA and FFA can be useful for accurate evaluation of fundus image characters of types of angiography in atrophic AMD.

Objective To observe the characteristics of multifocal eletrotetinogram (mfERG) in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and its relationship with visual acuity and macular central retinal thickness (CRT).Methods By means of patients self-contrast analysis.40 patients (40 eyes) with NAION were collected underwent the examinations of best corrected visual acuity, fundus color photography, fundus fluorescein angiography and field of vision.All the disease and normal eyes had underwent the examination of frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT) and mfERG.The CRT and retinal thickness about perifovea, parafovea were documented with fdOCT.All patients underwent the retinal macular function exam with mfERG.Centered by macular fovea, the reaction zone were divided into 5 rings from inside to outside by circles, ring 1 0.00°, ring 2 5.44°, ring 3 10.31°, ring 4 16.31°, ring 5 23.42°.Treated ring 1 hexagon as macular center the amplitude densities of P1 wave, the amplitude of P1 and N1 wave, and the latencies of P1and N1 wave at cvcry ring were observed.The relationship between mfERG characteristics and visual acuity or CRT were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Results fdOCT revealed that there was significantly statistical difference in the retinal thickness about perifovea between disease eyes and contralateral eyes (P＜＜0.05).The increase of CRT and retinal thickness about parafovea had no significantly statistical difference between diseases eyes and contralateral eyes (P＞0.05).mfERG revealed that the decrease of amplitude densities about P1 wave at ring 1 to 2 had significantly statistical difference between two groups (P＜0.05);there were no significantly statistical difference in the amplitude densities of P1 wave at ring 3 to 5;the decrease of amplitude about P1 and N1 wave at ring 1 had significantly statistical difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significantly statistical difference in the amplitude of P1 and N1wave at ring 2 to 5, the latencies of P1 and N1 wave at ring 1 to 5 (P＞0.05).The correlation analysis revealed that the amplitude densities and amplitude of P1 wave at ring 1, amplitude of N1 wave at ring 1 had no effect on visual acuity (r=0.087,0.195,-0.134;P＞0.05) and CRT(r=-0.154,0.365, 0.412;P＞0.05).Conclusions Compared with contralateral eyes,the disease eyes were significantly decrease in amplitude densities of P1 wave at ring 1 to 2, amplitude of P1 and N1 wave at ring 1.There are no correlated between the amplitude densities of P1 wave at ring 1,amplitude of P1 and N1 wave at ring 1 and visual acuity or CRT.

Purpose To discuss changes of macular choriocapillaris hemodynamics in AMD. Methods Eighty six eyes of 86 patients underwent ICGA,including macular drusen in 15 eyes of 15 patients,exudative AMD in 52 eyes of 52 patients,atrophic AMD in 19 eyes of 19 patients,for the observation of macular choriocapillaris perfusion. Results Choriocapillaris filling phase (CFP) of exudative AMD was obviously longer than that of eyes with normal, atrophic AMD and drusen groups ( P

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic values of separated renal multi-locular cystic lesions color Doppler ultra-sound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound performance in multi-locular cystic renal cell carcinoma and cysts. Methods:A total of 53 pa-tients (54 lesions) with multi-locular cystic renal cell carcinoma and cysts were included in the study. The presence of carcinoma and cysts was confirmed via histopathology and tested using ultrasound. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was applied in 24 (24 lesions) of the total number of patients, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the numbers of separation, thick-ness, and type of blood flow patterns of the lesions. The contrast-enhanced ultrasound characteristics were also analyzed. We analyzed the diagnostic value of the color Doppler ultrasound in the separated renal multilocular cystic lesions and the contrast-enhanced ultra-sound performance in multi-locular cystic renal cell carcinoma and cysts. Results:Based on the analysis of the ROC curves of the sepa-ration number, thickness, and type of the blood flow of the lesions in 53 patients (54 lesions), the diagnostic specificity was relatively higher in the lesions where the separation number was≥5 strips (86%), the thicknesses were>3 and≤4 mm (95%), and blood flow was band-like (86%). The areas under the curve of the three indexes were 0.7621, 0.8331, and 0.7962, respectively, which indicate high diagnostic values. The separation number of 4 strips, the thicknesses of>2 and≤3 mm, and the point-like blood flow could be used as critical values for the diagnosis. The contrast enhancement, enhancement peak, and disappearance were (11.2 ± 3.4), (21.7 ± 3.8), and (32.1±4.0) s in 14 patients with multi-locular cystic renal cell carcinoma and (18.4±4.5), (37.8±8.0), and (51.3±9.0) s in 10 patients with multi-locular renal cysts, with statistically significant differences (t=4.47, t'=5.90, t'=6.31, respectively;P<0.05). Conclusion:The sepa-ration number, thickness, and type of blood flow of lesions have relatively higher specificity in multi-locular renal cysts than in multi-locular cystic renal cell carcinoma. The ROC curves show a high diagnostic value. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the lesions helped in the differential diagnosis of multi-locular cystic renal cell carcinoma and renal cysts.

Objective To find the spectacular indexes in the diagnosis of acute rejection of renal transplantation with color Doppler ultrasonography. Methods Forty-two patients with renal rejection were confirmed with percutaneous needle biopsy and 115 patients with stable renal function were confirmed with following-up (>1 year) and clinical examination. The length, width, thickness, cortex thickness and resistive index (RI) of two groups were analyzed statistically. Then the specificity, sensitivity, misdiagnosis rate, false negative rate and consistency rate of renal volume, pyramid swelling, echo weakening, RI＜0.7, RI≥0.7 and RI≥0.8 were calculated. Results The length, width and thickness were statistically different in two groups (P＜0.05). In patients with renal rejection, the marginal blood vessels in renal cortex decreased, and the blood velocity reduced obviously in the diastolic phase and RI increased obviously (P＜0.05). The sensitivity of the above indexes were 55.30%, 55.20%, 42.10%, 57.90%, 31.60%, respectively, while the specificity were 71.30%, 87.10%, 25.70%, 74.20% and 98.20%, respectively. Conclusion Enlargement of renal volume, swelling of renal pyramids, echo weakening and RI increasing are specific indexes for diagnosis of acute rejection of renal transplantation.

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the consistency between contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and enhanced computed tomography (CT) in determining the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: RFA procedures guided by either ultrasound or CT were performed on 35 patients with 68 lesions. Enhanced CT and CEUS were regularly conducted after the procedures to evaluate the effect of RFA. The full ablation, residual, and recurrence rates of tumors, as well as the di-agnostic accuracies and kappa values of CEUS and enhanced CT, were determined. Results:The full ablation and residual rates of tumors for the 68 lesions diagnosed by CEUS were 84%and 16%, respectively;whereas those for the lesions diagnosed by enhanced CT were 90%and 10%, respectively. No significant difference was found between the obtained rates using the two diagnostic methods (χ2=0.576 3, P=0.447 8). Moreover, the two methods exhibited high consistency (K=0.882 9, Sk=0.120 4). Of the 68 lesions, 13 recurred within 24 months. The recurrence rate evaluated by CEUS was 19%(13/68). No significant difference was found between the detection rates of CEUS (92%, 12/13 lesions) and enhanced CT (100%, 13/13 lesions) in diagnosing recurrent lesions (P>0.05). Enhanced CT could be used as the gold standard for evaluating tumor residual and recurrence rates after RFA. The overall diagnostic accuracy of CEUS reached 92%(63/68 lesions). Conclusion:CEUS and enhanced CT exhibit high accuracy and consistency in evaluating the effect of RFA on hepatocellular carcinoma. CEUS can provide a reliable diagnostic proof for tumor patients after undergoing RFA procedure.

Objective The article was to discuss the correlation between three?dimensional volume ultrasound VOCAL parame?ters and pathological grading of mass type breast invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods 106 breast nodule patients admitted in our hospi?tal who were pathologically confirmed with histological grading from March 2014 to February 2016 were included in the study. The patients underwent three?dimensional volume ultrasound preoperatively. Vocal system in GE LOGIQ E9 was used in lesion analysis to obtain energy histograms:average gray scale (MG), average energy (MP), vascular index ( R) , blood flow index ( VFI) . Analysis was made in the differ?ence among MG, MP, R and VFI of ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma grade I, invasive ductal carcinoma grade II, invasive ductal carcinoma grade III and fibroadenoma. Results No sig?nificant difference was found in MG of ductal carcinoma in situ and IDC I, fibroadenoma and ductal carcinoma in situ, fibroadenoma and IDC I(P>0.05), but the difference was statistically significant between other pathological levels (P<0.05). Significant difference was found in MP between pathological levels ( P<0.05) . No significant difference was found in R and VFI between ductal carcinoma in situ and fibroadenoma( P>0.05) , but the difference was statistically significant between other pathological levels ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Three?dimensional volume ultrasonic VOCAL parameters of MG、MP、R、VFI can reflect gray?scale levels and blood flow perfusion in mass type breast nodules of different pathological level, and predict the pathological grading before operation, which provides objective evidence for the evaluation of mass type breast invasive ductal carcinoma and the development of individualized treatment plan.