No abstract available.
Language Development Disorders*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of language, intelligent and social quotients in children with speech and language disorder and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of language quotient for predicting the extents of cognitive and social functions. METHOD: Total 139 children who visited the department of rehabilitation medicine for the evaluation of suspected speech-language delay. All children were evaluated for receptive and expressive language quotients, articulation accuracy, verbal, performance and full-scale intelligent quotients and social maturation assessment. RESULTS: Approximately 70% of the children who had chief complaints of speech or language disorder were diagnosed as 'receptive and expressive language developmental delay'. Intelligent and social quotients of the children with receptive and expressive language developmental delay were significantly lower than those of the other groups (p<0.05). Both receptive and expressive language quotients, but not dysarticulation, were significantly correlated with intelligent and social quotients (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the language quotients could predict intelligent and social quotients as simple equations (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Primary result of receptive and expressive language quotients from screening test of language evaluation might be able to predict cognitive function and social maturity, which also showed high-degree positive correlation with intelligent and social quotients. This result could provide a useful guideline for further developmental studies in children with speech and language disorder who received primary speech evaluation.
Child ; Humans ; Language Development ; Language Disorders ; Mass Screening

No abstract available.
Autistic Disorder* ; Language Development Disorders* ; Psychopathology*

Humans ; Language Development Disorders ; complications ; Presbycusis ; complications

PURPOSE:The purposes of this paper are to analyse the degree of language delay according to the classification and the etiology of mental retardation and to assess the efficacy of language treatment in children who received language treatment. METHODS:The number of the subjects for the research is 79. The subjects had been diagnosed as children of mental retardation after a language development test from the language treatment center of the Chungnam National University Hospital from January, 2003 to December, 2007. We gathered the data concerning their main complaints, their etiology of mental retardation, their results of a language development test and an intelligence test, and their results of language treatment. RESULTS:The results of our analysis to the data are as follows: The distribution of mental retardation classified as mild, moderate, and severe is 51.9% of the subjects, 27.9% and 20.2% each. The etiology of mental retardation is distributed as postnatal(20.3%), prenatal(13.9%), prenatal(5.1%), and idiopathic(60.7%). According to the classification of mental retardation, receptive, expressive, and synthetic language show a significant difference. There is no significant difference in the etiology of mental retardation in statistics. Among 28 children taken a language test after language treatment, 14 mild mental retarded children made their language delay to be shortened by 19.9 months, 10 moderate mental retarded children made their language delay to be shortened by 7.2 months, and 4 severe mental retarded children reduced their language delay by 1.3 month. CONCLUSION:The more severe mental retardation is, the longer language delay occurred. But there is no significant difference to language delay according to the etiology of mental retardation. After language treatment, mild mental retarded children show the remarkable shortening of language delay, while moderate and severe mental retarded children are slightly shortening. Therefore, it is thought that more active language treatment is needed to mild mental retarded children.
Child ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Intelligence Tests ; Language Development ; Language Development Disorders ; Language Tests

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to test the predictive validity of developmental test for later intellectual development in young children with delayed language development. METHODS: The study subjects were 66 children who had presented delayed language development and had an initial developmental test and a follow-up intelligence test. The mean age at initial test was 34.2 months(17-48 months), and the mean age at the follow-up test was 55.0 months(40-79.5 months). RESULTS: According to CAT DQ(Cognitive Adaptive Test Developmental Quotient), 66 children were divided into 4 groups: group I(CAT DQ<50), group II(50-69), group III(70-84), and group IV(> = or85). There was a moderate correlation between CAT DQ and later total IQ in group I(r=0.58) and II(r= 0.50), but a low correlation in group III(r=0.19) and IV(r=-0.16). IQs in follow-up tests of all children in group I and II were lower than 70, except two children whose IQs were 75 and 78. IQs of children in group III were lower than 85 except for three children whose IQs were 89, 89, and 90, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that if DQ is lower than 70, the child is highly probable to be mentally subnormal in later years. Although the correlation between CAT DQ and later total IQ is low in children with DQs over 70, if a DQ is between 70 and 84, the child is very likely to have learning disability in later years.
Animals ; Cats ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intelligence Tests ; Language Development Disorders ; Language Development* ; Learning Disorders

OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the clinical characteristics of children with delayed language acquisition due to two different diagnoses, which were specific language impairment (SLI, a primarily delayed language development) and global developmental delay (GDD, a language delay related to cognitive impairment). METHODS: Among 1,598 children who had visited the developmental delay clinic from March 2005 to February 2011, 467 children who were diagnosed with GDD and 183 children who were diagnosed with SLI were included in this study. All children were questioned about past, family, and developmental history, and their language competences and cognitive function were assessed. Some children got electroencephalography (EEG), in case of need. RESULTS: The presence of the perinatal risk factors showed no difference in two groups. In the children with GDD, they had more delayed acquisition of independent walking and more frequent EEG abnormalities compared with the children with SLI (p<0.01). The positive family history of delayed language development was more prevalent in children with SLI (p<0.01). In areas of language ability, the quotient of receptive language and expressive language did not show any meaningful statistical differences between the two groups. Analyzing in each group, the receptive language quotient was higher than expressive language quotient in both group (p<0.01). In the GDD group, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II) showed a marked low mental and motor quotient while the Wechsler Intelligence Scale showed low verbal and nonverbal IQ. In the SLI group, the BSID-II and Wechsler Intelligence Scale showed low scores in mental area and verbal IQ but sparing motor area and nonverbal IQ. CONCLUSION: The linguistic profiles of children with language delay could not differentiate between SLI and GDD. The clinicians needed to be aware of these developmental issues, and history taking and clinical evaluation, including cognitive assessment, could be helpful to diagnose adequately and set the treatment plan for each child.
Child ; Child Development ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Language ; Language Development ; Language Development Disorders ; Linguistics ; Risk Factors ; Walking ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVE: To analyze speech and linguistic features in children with articulation disorder characterized by consonant and vowel phonological errors. METHODS: Between February 2007 and June 2015, 117 children who showed articulation disorder were selected for the study. Based on comprehensive speech and language assessments, the subjects were classified into articulation dysfunction (AD), or AD overlapping with language delay. Detailed information of articulation, including percentage of consonants correct (PCC) and normal percentage of variable consonants derived from the Assessment of Phonology and Articulation for Children test, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Totally, 55 children were diagnosed as AD and 62 as AD with language delay. Mean PCC was not significantly different between the two groups. In both groups, the acquisition order of consonants followed the universal developmental sequence. However, differences were observed in the nasal & plosive consonants abnormality between the two groups. When adjusted to their delayed language level in AD with language delay group, 53% of children had appropriate articulation function for their expressive language level. CONCLUSION: Speech and linguistic characteristics in children with articulation disorder were variable. Therefore, comprehensive assessment is required in children with inaccurate pronunciation, and a proper treatment plan based on the results of assessment should be followed.
Articulation Disorders* ; Child* ; Humans ; Language Development Disorders ; Linguistics*

PURPOSE: It is well known that expressive language impairment is commonly less severe than receptive language impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, this result is based on experiments in Western countries with Western language scales. This study tries to find whether the result above is applicable for toddlers in a non-Western country; more specifically, in Korea with non-Western language scales. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants were 166 toddlers aged between 20 months and 50 months who visited the clinic from December 2010 to January 2013. The number of toddlers diagnosed as ASD and developmental language delay (DLD) was 103 and 63, respectively. Language development level was assessed using Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), a Korean language scale. Using SELSI, each group was divided into 3 sub-groups. Moreover, the group difference by age was observed by dividing them into three age groups. Chi-square test and linear-by-linear association was used for analysis. RESULTS: Receptive language ability of the DLD group was superior to that of the ASD group in all age groups. However, expressive language ability in both groups showed no difference in all age groups. A greater proportion of expressive dominant type was found in ASD. The 20-29 months group in ASD showed the largest proportion of expressive language dominant type in the three age groups, suggesting that the younger the ASD toddler is, the more severe the receptive language impairment is. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that receptive-expressive language characteristics in ASD at earlier age could be useful in the early detection of ASD.
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/*complications ; Child, Preschool ; Developmental Disabilities/*complications ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language ; *Language Development ; Language Development Disorders/complications/*diagnosis ; Language Tests ; Male ; Republic of Korea

PURPOSE: This study was performed in order to evaluate the association of media exposure with language developmental delay. METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 patients with language developmental delay who visited the pediatric clinic of Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital from January 2013 to July 2014. The 66 patients, who visited our clinic without language developmental delay, were included in the control group. The data were collected by using self-report questionnaires (media exposure time, contents, background media or foreground media, age of first exposure, and media exposure with or without parents), and analyzed through a t-test, Chi-square test, bivariate logistic regression model by using the SPSS-Version 21.0. RESULTS: The mean age of the language delay group was 33.6±10 months, while the male-to-female ratio was 2.6:1 in this study. In regard to media exposure time, 63% of the language delay patients were exposed to media for more than 2 hours a day, as compared to 16% of the control group (P<0.001). Among the language delay group, 90% of the patients were under 24 months old at the time of exposure to media, as compared to 58% of the control group (P<0.001). In addition, 79% of the language delay group watched media without anyone, as compared to 41% of the control group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Risk factors of language developmental delay were exposure to media more than 2 hours a day and toddlers under 24 months old at the time of exposure, as compared to the control group. In conclusion, longer exposure and earlier exposure to media would be risk factors in language developmental delay, and watching media alone may negatively influence the language development.
Heart ; Humans ; Language Development Disorders ; Language Development* ; Logistic Models ; Risk Factors