OBJECTIVE:To analyze the results of Procurement System implementation in Ningxia Rural Areas.METHODS:Typical sampling method selected 4 township hospitals of Xiji county and Pengyang county in Ningxia as a sample,through qualitative and quantitative methods to design the questionnaire and interview outline.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:during 06～08 years,the actual bidding variety of rural drugs accounted in Ningxia move gradually decreased the percentage of species;township hospitals in drug revenues decreased year by year the proportion of total income;drugs out of stock is serious;drugs are few,temporarily not bidding drugs are in high price;common drugs bidding directory is small;rural health room staff are paid lowly.Recommendating to establish a sound procurement system to make it better.

To discuss the influences of government health input on the efficiency of hospital operation. Methods:Taking 16 county-level hospitals in Ningxia as samples, using DEA and DEA-malmqutist indicator method to calculate the technical efficiency scores from 2000 to 2012, then analyze the compositions of technique efficiency(TE) , using Tobit regression to analyze the relationship between government budget health expenditure and medical institution efficiency. Results: The Ningxia governmental health budget expenditure is growing almost 3 times from 2000 to 2012 and the average TE is 0.82-0.94. In the 16 county-level hospitals, the TFP of 6 hospitals (37.5%) was less than 1, and the minimum was 0.82; while the TFP of 10 hospitals (62.5%) were more than 1, the max was 1.699. For the 6 hospitals of which TFP was less than 1, the reason for negative growth of TFP was contributed to the slow technique change, the pure efficiency or small scale. The regression result of TOBIT showed that the government health expenditure increases 1 000 units, the efficiency of medical institutions will increase 0.0031. Conclusion: The relationship between the governmental expenditure and medical institutions is positive, but the technical efficiency of medical institutions expenditure was the result of multiple factors.

Objective: To judge the return to scale of inefficient decision-making unit(DMU)on data envelopment analysis(DEA). Methods: On the basis of return to scale method of classical DEA decision-making unit. Through comparing the same input of efficient and inefficient DMU, increase the quantities of output of inefficient DMU(the inverse of efficiency value), taking this point as the area of inefficient technique unit return to scale. Results: Taking the county-level hospitals of Chinese Medicine as examples, it is found that there are no clear judgment on the return of scale of inefficient hospitals, after adjustment, there are 4 inefficient hospitals are classified into increasing return to scale stage and decreasing return to scale stage, which embody obvious characteristics of insufficient output. Conclusion: The return to scale is important information to evaluate the efficiency of medical institutions which is the reason leading to inefficiency medical institutions.

Objective:To study the Clinical efficacy of combined therapy of adenosylcobalamin and transcutaneous eletrical nerve stimulation(TENS)in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).Method:Sixty patients with PHN were randomly divided into 3 groups:group A treated with TENS.group B treated with adenosylcobalamin,group C treated with adenosylcobalamin and TENS based on the management of groups A and B.The three groups had all been treated for 10d.Result:In observation,visual analogue scale(VAS)and 5 grade pain scores of group C were lower than those of groups A and B;VAS and 5 grade pain scores differences of group C were higher than those of groups A and B:The effective rate of group C(100%)was higher than that of groups A and B respectively.The differences were significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Combined therapy of adenosylcobalamin and TENS is effective for the treatment of PHN and can alleviate pain and improve sleep.

Objective To construct an eukaryotic recombinant plasmid with HGFSP, a hybrid gene encoding the antigen epitopes of MSA1, MSA2, RESA and CSP in different developing stages of Plasmodium falciparum(P.f. ). Methods HGFSP was sub-cloned into an eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3 from a prokaryotic recombinant plasmid pSK-HGFSP to construct the eukaryotic recombinant expression plasmid pc-HGFSP. The identified recombinant was then transfected into HepG2 cells with liposome-mediated method. The G418-selected positive cell clones were tested to identify the immunogenicity of HGFSP-expressing antigen. Results It was evidenced that HGFSP was correctly inserted into pcDNA3 by restriction enzymes map analysis. HGFSP-expressing antigen-specific fluorescent response was observed in pc-HGFSP-transfected HepG2 cells. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting showed that there was a 23 kD protein band, which can be specifically recognized by anti-sera of HGFSP-expressing protein in pc-HGFSP-transfected HepG2 cell lysis. Conclusion Pc-HGFSP, an eukaryotic recombinant plasmid encoding hybrid antigen epitopes of P.f ., was constructed successfully and the antigenicity of pc-HGFSP-expressing protein was confirmed.

BACKGROUND:Compared with bone marrow transplantation, peripheral blood stem cel transplantation has its own advantages, including rich resources of stem cel s from the peripheral blood, convenient and easy col ection, without anesthesia, smal trauma, easily accepted, high safety, and easy to restore the patient’s hematopoietic system.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the function and safety of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cel s in the treatment of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
METHODS:Four patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were selected from November 2010 to July 2011 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, aged 31-67 (averagely 44 years). Among them, three cases had hepatitis B, and another one had autoimmune liver disease. Peripheral blood stem cel s were col ected after being mobilized by granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Then, autologous peripheral blood stem cel s were transplanted via a hepatic artery catheter.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were no adverse reactions such as fever, bleeding and nausea after peripheral blood stem cel col ection and hepatic artery transplantation. Symptoms such as fatigue, poor appetite and abdominal distension gradual y improved at 1, 3 and 6 months after transplantation. Liver function and liver fibrosis indexes were improved to some extent after transplantation.

Objective To investigate the fall-related knowledge and behaviors and ways after injury by chief caregivers of inpatients with neurological disease.Method We designed a questionnaire of fall-related knowledge,behaviors and ways after injury and used it among 208 chief caregivers of inpatients with neurological disease.Results On fall-related knowledge,the three items with the lowest scores about fall-related knowledge included fall-related medicine,postural hypotension and abnormal excretion.Of fall-prevented behaviour score,the lowest 3 items were three steps for getting up,placing things correctly and using wheelchair protection derive.Of the inquiry and fall measures score,the lowest 3 item were helping the patient up,observation and prevention after fall.There were significant differences in the total scores on education,time for taking care of the patients,history of fall and health education on fall (P＜0.05).The scores of those with education of senior middle school,college or above were significantly higher than those with education of junior middle school or lower (P＜0.001).The following time for taking care of the patients were compared with statistics significant:＜1month and 3～6 month,＜1month and ＞6 months,1～3 months and 3～6 months (P＜0.001).Conclusion The caregivers of the patients with neurological disease are short of knowledge in fall-related knowledge,normal behaviors and should carry out individualized health education to them.

Objective To assess the use of the Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in differentiating Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD).Methods A total of 62 patients with AD and 54 patients with VD were recruited for this study.All subjects were subject to examination using MoCA to collect information in terms of their visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction delayed recall and orientation.The demographic data of the subjects was also were collected and analyzed.Results It was shown that there were statistically significant differences between the AD and VD patients with regard to their scores of visuospatial / executive,attention,delayed recall (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of diagnostic coincidence was 100％ in AD patients using MoCA Chinese version,and 98.15％ in VD patients,with a statistically significant difference between the two groups.There was high correlation in all items of MoCA between the two evaluators (ICC:0.911 ～1.000).Conclusion Montreal Cognitive Assessment Chinese version can be used for the diagnosis of AD and VD,and the scale can help differentiate AD and VD.

ObjectiveTo study the level of temperament and self-esteem of children aged 8～12 in Beijing city,as well as their interaction and influenced factor.Methods203 school children aged 8～12 were assessed with Carey's temperament questionnaire(8～12:MCTQ) and The Self-Esteem Scale(SES).ResultsTemperament and self-esteem of school children aged 8～12 were associated with the parental behavior,especially with work style of their fathers.The rhythmicity was found to be negative correlated to the self-esteem scores,and the intensity of reaction was found to be positive correlated to the self-esteem scores.ConclusionParents' behavior and family environment were important to the temperament and self-esteem of school children.

Bacteremia ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Listeria monocytogenes ; isolation & purification ; Male