Objective To explore initially the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in cerebral ischemic preconditioning. Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group; sham group; ischemic preconditioning or ischemia tolerance group; bee venom group; peripheral noxious tolerance group. SDS-PAGE, Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the ERK1/2 phosphorylation and protein expression in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus of rats. Results The phosphorylation level of ERK1 in somatosensory cortex increased significantly (P<0.05) after ischemic preconditioning, while no significant changes in ERK2 and that of ERK1/2 in hippocampus. No significant changes in ERK1/2 protein expression were found both in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus after ischemic preconditioning. Conclusion The increased ERK1 phosphorylation level in somatosensory cortex may be involved in cerebral ischemic preconditioning.

Objective To explore initially the role of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNK) in cerebral ischemia preconditioning.Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, sham-operated group, ischemic preconditioning or ischemic tolerance group, bee venom group, peripheral noxious tolerance group. SDS-PAGE, Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the JNK phosphorylation and protein expression in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus. Results The phosphorylation level of JNK46KD but not JNK54KD in somatosensory cortex increased significantly (P<0.05) after ischemia preconditioning, while no significant changes had been observed in that of JNK46KD and JNK54KD in hippocampus. In addition, the protein expression level of JNK46KD but not JNK54KD fell on control level in somatosensory cortex after ischemic preconditioning, while no significant changes in JNK46KD and JNK54KD protein expression were found in hippocampus. Conclusion The increased JNK46KD phosphorylation and fallen JNK46KD protein expression in somatosensory cortex may be involved in the development of cerebral ischemia preconditioning.

Objective To explore initially the roles of the 3 major signaling pathways of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) in cerebral ischemia preconditioning. Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group; sham-operated group and ischemic preconditioning or ischemic tolerance group (n=6). SDS-PAGE, Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the phosphorylation and protein expression of ERK, JNK and p38 in somatosensory cortex of rat. Results The phosphorylation level of ERK1 and JNK46KD in somatosensory cortex increased significantly (P<0.05) after ischemia preconditioning. Conclusion The increased ERK1 and JNK46KD phosphorylation in somatosensory cortex may be involved in the development of cerebral ischemia preconditioning and can not be ruled out in which the role of p38.

Objective To explore initially the role of p38 mitogen activated protein kinases(p38 MAPK) in cerebral ischemic preconditioning.Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group,sham-operated group,ischemia preconditioning or ischemia tolerance group,peripheral noxious control group,peripheral noxious tolerance group.SDS-PAGE,Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the p38 MAPK phosphorylation and protein expression in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus of rat.Results No significant changes of p38 MAPK in phosphorylation level and protein expression were found both in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus after ischemia preconditioning(P>0.05,n=6).Conclusion The development of cerebral ischemia preconditioning of rat might be not involved the phosphorylation and protein expression of p38 MAPK.

BACKGROUND: The main reason for the postoperative loosening of cemented prosthesis is interfacial debonding and bone cement internal damage. Most studies have suggested that both of them occur in the process of fatigue damage, however, little is reported on primary loading that results in the initial damage to the bone cement-stem interface and inside of bone cement. OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanical properties of bone cement-stem interface, and the effect of crack formation in bone cement on interfacial loosening. METHODS: The cement-titanium al oy handle implant components were prepared. The maximum adhesive force of bone cement-stem interface was measured using push-in experiment. The cement damage and crack in the process of bone cement-handle interfacial debonding were monitored online using acoustic emission tester. The non-destructive testing on the metal surface and the inner layer of bone cement cylinder was conducted using three-dimensional surface profiler, ultrasonic microscopy and X-ray detector. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The online monitoring results of debonding experiment and acoustic emission tester demonstrated that the initial damage of bone cement initiated in the primary loading of patients after operation, rather than at fatigue damage stage. Bone cement coffin caused cracks initiation mainly due to the combination effect of radial and axial stress. The bone cement-stem interfacial shear lag effect could not prevent the gradual extension of interface and inner coffin crack from top to bottom. The bone cement defects formed in solidification process was likely to affect the mechanical properties of the material, and eventual y induced the crystal face and macromolecular chain fractures, forming silver striated cracks and leading component failure.

Objective To build up one bonus shares method of improvi ng nursing quality in order to simulate nurse′s the inner enthusiasm.Methods The competence model and assessment system were established for one important weight for bonus sharing of competence qualified of nursing staff,competence coefficient and performance assessment.Results The implementation of performance assessment improved nurse′s satisfaction from 76.3% to 89.2%,while the parent′s satisfaction increased from 84.3% to 93.0%(χ2 =1 3.070,9.766;P <0.05).Conclusions The bonus shares method is scientific and reasonable,which can dig out the potential of nursing staff and is worthy of promotion.

Objective To explore the importance of nursing intervention in long-term follow-up and prognosis in children with asthma. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to in 100 asthmatic children who were treated in the outpatient department of Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and cooperated with nursing interventions actively. The observation period was 10 years. During the study period, patients' status at the beginning of treatment, the end of medication therapy, the 6th year of follow-up and the 10th year of follow-up were recorded. The content of the follow-up evaluation included an asthma symptom evaluation referring to the symptom score standard of the Children's Bronchial Asthma Guideline for Diagnosis and Prevention (2016 version), a rhinitis score referring to the World Allergy Organization (WAO) Guidelines and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Guidelines, a medication score referring to the scoring program of the WAO Guidelines and clinical evaluation and the number of asthma attack in the past year. SPSS 20.0 was used for data processing and analysis. Chi-square test was used to compare the enumeration data. When the data were not normal distribution or the variance was uneven, the nonparametric test of multiple correlation samples (Friedman test) was adopted for inter-group comparison. Results At the end of treatment, the 6th year of follow-up and at 10th year follow-up, the scores of asthma symptom scores were (1.70±0.68), (0.78±0.39) and (0.70±0.58) respectively, which were all lower than that before treatment (1.80±0.70), and the differences were statistically significant (F=79.63, P< 0.01). The differences of asthma symptom scores among the 6th year of follow-up, the 10th year of follow-up and the end of treatment were statistically significant (F=23.40, P<0.01). The rhinitis scores at the end of treatment, the 6th year and 10th year of follow-up were all lower than that before treatment, with statistical significance (F=36.21,P< 0.01). However, there was no statistical difference in rhinitis score at the 3 time points (F=5.30, P=0.07). The medication scores at the end of treatment, the 6th and 10th year of follow-up were all lower than that before treatment, with statistical significant (F=143.60,P<0.01), and the differences of the 3 time points were statistically significant as well (F=96.00,P< 0.01). The acute episodes in the past year at the end of treatment, the 6th and 10th year of follow-up were all lower than that before treatment, with statistical significance (F=116.40,P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in the 6th and 10th year of follow-up compared with the end of treatment (F=3.20, P=0.20). Conclusions Nursing interventions significantly increases the degree of attention paid to the disease in children and their family, contributes to the long-term mitigation of bronchial asthma in children, and promotes the outcome of the disease.