Objective To evaluate the effect of Astragalus on T lymphocyte immune function in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of immature rats with obstructive jaundice. Methods Three-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=12,in each):control group, sham operation group, obstructive jaundice(OJ)group,OJ+Astragalus (OJ+A)group.The percentage of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, the ratio of CD4 to CD8 in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of immature rats was detected by flow cytometry. Result The percentage of CD4+ cell and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 in the OJ group were lower than those in the control group and the sham operation group,with significant difference(P＜0.05).The percentage of CD4 cell and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 in the OJ+A group were higher than those in the OJ group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Astragalus can increase T lymphocyte immune function in OJ immature rats.

Aim The kinetics of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (N-AChR) was stadied. MethodsThe saturation experiments of Torpedo electric organ N-AChR were taken with125I-?-BuTX. The results were calculated by Scatfit program. Experiments were thenperformed to study the kinetics of dissociation of ?-BuTX and nicotine from N-AChR,respectively. When their binding reached saturation, an excess of 1000 times ?-BuTX ornicotine was added. The saturation binding properties of the N-AChR extracted fromleg muscles of the 13th day chick embroys and optic lobes of the 20th day chick em-broys were studied. The results were calculated by Scatfit program. The othe experi-ments were taken to observe the competition between mcotine and 125I-?-BuTX forbinding with Torpedo, optic lobe and skeletal muscle of the chick N-AChRs. ResultsThe saturation experiments of Torpedo electric organ N-AChR resulted in a Scatchardplot of hyperbola which responded to the model of two kinds of receptor with on eli-gand.The difference of and B max between high affinity binding site and low affnitybineing site was significant. The dissaciation experiment showed that the fast dissocia-tion rate of tow ligands was 500 times more than that of the slow dissociation rate. Thisresult suggested that there may be two subtype N-AChRs.The saturation bindingproperties of N-AChR of leg muscles and optic lobe of the chick embroys revealed aScatchard plot of two kinds of N-AChR indicating a single type of site. The bindingaffinity of receptor of optic lobe was 100 times more than that of muscles. In competi-tion for Torpedo receptor by nicotine and 125I-?-BuTX, the values of IC50 were different:which suggested that two kinds of receptor sites were existent. In competition ofNicotine and 125I-?-BuTX for optic lobe and skeletal muscles of the chick N-AChR, thevalue IC50 of skeletal muscles N-AChR was 7. 7 times higher than that of optic lobe. Itindicated that two kinds of N-AChR subtype existed in the optic lobe and in theskeletal muscles of chick respectively. Conclusion N-AChR of Torpedo electric organcontains two kinds of subtype receptors. N-AChR of optic lobe of chick embroys is onesubtype receptor, and N-AChR of skeletal muscles of chick embroy is another subtypereceptor.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of oral sensorimotor therapy on oral motor dysfunction after cerebal palsy (CP).MethodsThirty-two CP children were confirmed the type of cerebral palsy by neurological examination and developmental age by Gesell's developmental scale. Oral sensorimotor therapy was performed one time a day by speech-language therapist.Before and after a treatment period of 3 months,the oral motor and language-speech ability of each case was assessed using Oral Motor Scale and Sign-Significate relations.ResultsAfter treatment, the oral motor function had been improved significantly(t=11.946,P<0.01) and the oral motor score was meanly increased by 14.94 score.The levels of oral language comprehension and expression had also been improved significantly(t=5.376,P<0.01;t=7.552,P<0.01).Articulation of 28 cases(87.5%) was improved. ConclusionOral sensorimotor therapy is effective on improving oral motor function, articulation,as well as on increasing language comprehension and expression.

Objective To evaluate the effects of astragalus on liver injury and TGF-β1 mRNA expression in immature rats with obstructive jaundice(OJ).Methods Forty immature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control,a shamoperation,an OJ,and an OJ+A groups.Wistar rats in the OJ and OJ+A group were subjectedto common bile duct ligation(CBDL),while the sham group had the bile duct mobilized but not tied.The control,sham,and OJ groups were giyen 0.5ml of normal saline by intrapedtoneal injection daily.In the OJ+A group,250mg/100g body weight of astragalus injection was applied intraperitoneally daily from day 1 to 7 of the study.All animals were sacrificed on postoperative day 8.Liver tissue and peripheral blood were colleered.Serum Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),Aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and total cholic acid(TCA)level were detected.Hepatic morphological findings were observed by light microscopy.TGF-β1 mRNA were extracted from liver and measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Data were analyzed using chi-square test and student's test(-x±s),P＜0.05 was considered statistical significance.Results ①Serum AST,ALT,and TCA value in each OJ group were significantly higher than that of the control and sham operation groups.②In the control and sham operation group,normal structure of the liver remained,but in the OJ group,obvious degeneration of hepatocytes was detected,such as cholastasis,starch accumulation and fatty degeneration.Kupffer cells and dilated Disse'space were common in the OJ group.In the OJ group.histopathologic findings of the liver demonstrated intense degree of fibrosis,but in the OJ+A group.typical changes of large duct obstruction were significantly improved after astragalus injection treatment.③The TGF-β1 mRNA over-expression in the OJ group was seen compared with the control and the OJ+A groups.Conclusion ①In growing rat model of experimental obstructive jaundice,hepatic morphology and liver biochemical tests altered significantly.②The administration of astragaius can ameliorate liver damage and diminish expression of TGF-β1 mRNA of hepatic tissue,thus administration of astragalus may be effective in preventing hepatic injury in growing rats with obstructive jaundice.

Objective To investigate the prevalence,genotype and epidemiology of plasmid- mediated AmpC enzyme of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Methods A total of 67 clinical isolates of nonrepetitive cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae collected by Fuzhou General Hospital and Fujian Provincial Hospital during a period of Sept.2004 to Mar.2005 were detected by three-dimensional extract test for AmpC enzyme,and PCR for AmpC enzyme and other ?-lactamase gene amplification and DNA sequencing were carried out for genotype of ?-lactamase.Plasmid transformation experiment was used to study the transfer of cefoxitin resistance.The homology of the isolates was determined by ERIC-PCR fingerprinting.Results At two hospitals in Fuzhou,the prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC enzyme among cefoxitin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 16.7% and 10.5%, 8.0% and 0,respectively.Two isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae produced DHA-1 plasmid-mediated AmpC enzyme,and 4 isolates of Escherichia cob and one strain of Escherichia coli produced CMY-2 and CMY-22 plasmid-mediated AmpC enzyme respectively.Furthermore,5 strains of Escherichia coli with CMY AmpC enzyme were also found simuhaneously to produce TEM-144,CTX-M-27,CTX-M-14 and TEM-1 ?-lactamase respectively.Three strains of Escherichia coli and one isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae could transfer cefoxitin resistance to acceptant bacillus.ERIC-PCR fingerprinting reveals 2 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae came from same clone,but 5 strains of Escherichia coli came from different clones.Conclusions The clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing DHA-1 plasmid-mediated AmpC enzyme and Escherichia coli producing CMY-2,CMY-22 plasmid-mediated AmpC enzyme are found in Fuzhou.CMY-22 AmpC enzyme and TEM-144 ?-lactamase are the first reported in the world,GenBank accession number: DO256079,DO256080

Objective To investigate the biofilm (BF)formation rule of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi)in vitro, and to observe the internal structure of BF by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Methods NTHi ATCC49247 was investigated in the present study,Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)PAO1 was cultured as positive control,at the same time blank control group was set up.The BF of the bacteria were cultured and then collected on day 1,2,3,4,5,6,and 7.The BF formation was detected by crystal violet staining and plate counting and the structure of BF formed by ATCC49247 was observed under SEM on day 3.Results The plate colony counting of biofilm BF by ATCC49247 and PAO1 raised during first 3 d, and then declined to (0.823 6±0.007 5)×107 cfu·mL-1 and (0.942 6±0.019 9)×107cfu·mL-1 respectively on day 7. The differences between two groups were statistically significant on day 3,4,5,and 6 (P<0.05).The differences between different time points in the same bacteria group were statistically significant (P<0.05).The densities of BF formed by ATCC49247 and PAO1 raised during the first 3 d.The absorbances on 570 nm wavelength (A570 )in two groups were 2.717 4±0.017 2 and 2.885 3±0.039 0 ,respectively;and then the A570 values in two groups declined to 0.151 7±0.074 5 and 1.196 9±1.108 5,respectively on day 7;the differences between bacteria groups and blank control were statistically significant (P<0.05 );the differences between two bacteria groups were statistically significant on day 3,4,5,and 6 (P<0.05);the differences between different time points in the same bacteria group were statistically significant (P<0.05).On day 3,the obvious BF formed by ATCC49247 were observed under SEM.Conclusion BF could be formed by NTHi in vitro;crystal violet staining,plate colony counting and SEM could be taken as conventional methods to detect BF.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of embryo thymus transplantation in the treatment of lupus-like BXSB mice,study the pathogenesis of SLE in BXSB mice and the therapeutic effect of embryo thymus transplantation.Methods The embryonic thymus of CB57L mice was transplanted to50day-old male BXSB mice.Levels of proteinuria,ANA,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),blood creatinine and the deposits of immunoglobulin(Ig)in the glomerulus were detected regularly for5months,and the number of mice died of SLE was observed.Results The levels of proteinuria,ANA,BUN,blood creatinine of the5,6,7month old mice in embryo thymus transplantation group were lower than that of5month old mice in control group.The efficacy of treatment in embryo thymus transplantation group were similar to that of dexamethasone treatment group,and the SLE-caused death was reduced in these two groups.However,the embryo thymus transplantation seemed not to reduce the deposits of lg in glomerulus significantly,the deposits of lg in the glomerulus were similar in all three groups.Conclusions Embryo thymus transplantation could improve renal functions and reduce the titer of ANA.Its efficacy is similar to that of dexamethasone.Embryo thymus transplantation has a short term therapeutic effect in the treatment of lupus-like BXSB mice.The deficiency of thymus in the BXSB mice may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus-like mice.Embryo thymus transplantation may be a valuable approach to treat SLE.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to discuss the diagnostic accuracy of nornalized liver ADC using the spleen and renal cortex as reference organs for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.Methods Forty three patients with liver disease (chronic liver disease group) at compensated stage and 10 healthy volunteers (control group) were retrospectively assessed with diffusion-weighted imaging at a 3.0 T MR unit.Liver ADC,spleen ADC,renal ADC and normalized ADC (defined as the ratio of liver ADC to spleen ADC or renal cortex ADC,S-ADC and R-ADC for short) were measured in patients stratified by fibrosis stage.Spearman analysis was used to see the correlation between fibrosis stages and ADC,one-way ANOVA was used to compare the ADCs in different fibrosis stages.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the performance of ADC for prediction of liver fibrosis,and show the area under the curve ( AUC),sensitivity and specificity choosing the optimal cutoff value that maximized the Youden index.ResultsTen volunteers belonged to SO stage.From SO to S4 stage,there were 2,5,9,12 and 15 patients,correspondingly,liver ADCwere (1.37±0.13) ×10-3,(1.33±0.16) ×10 -3,(1.17±0.16) ×10-3,(1.23±0.14) ×10-3and ( 1.12 ±0.11 ) × 10-3mm2/s,S-ADC were 1.86 ±0.18,1.68 ±0.12,1.34 ±0.14,1.48 ±0.15 and 1.34±0.10,R-ADC were 0.71 ±0.08,0.68 ±0.12,0.61 ±0.09,0.64 ±0.11 and 0.60 ±0.08respectively,and the differences among them were significant ( F =6.48,18.70 and 3.04,P ＜0.05 ).The correlation between fibrosis stage and S-ADC was stronger than between fibrosis stage and liver ADC,R-ADC (r =- 0.71,- 0.51,- 0.41 ;P ＜ 0.01 ).S-ADC was superior to liver ADC and R-ADC for detection of S2,S3 and S4 fibrosis stage (Youden index:0.91,0.58,and 0.59).ConclusionSpleen normalized liver ADC improves diagnostic accuracy for detection of liver fibrosis than liver ADC and renal normalized liver ADC.

Objective:To explore the clients' assessment for the ethical behavior of the counselors and psychotherapists.Methods:The main method used in this evaluation was questionnaire,and the self-made questionnaire of the ethical problems in psychotherapy and counseling(for the clients)were used as evaluation tools.Totally 1100 clients,from 12 cities in China,were investigated with 807 questionnaires returned.Results:84.5% of the clients were confident in the treatments,and 89.2% of them gave positive assessment for the ability of their counselors and psychotherapists.15.9% of clients said the counselors and psychotherapists showed impatience or talked to them about their stress sometimes.Besides,59.1% knew about the characters,names and charge of the psychotherapies and counseling,and 53.4% knew the background of the counselors and psychotherapists.91.3% of clients thought the privacy and treatment could be kept secret.7% of clients had intimate relationship with their counselors or psychotherapists,1.5% had sexual relations,and 18.3% made friends in lives.79% of clients could receive timely psychotherapies and counseling.Conclusion:From the assessment of the clients,the vast majorities of the counselors and psychotherapists do well in work ability,confidentiality and time-setting,but not so well in informed-consent and dual relations,which need to be paid attention to and improved.

Objective To explore the effect of health belief model on compliance behavior of patients with PICC(peripherally inserted central catheter).Methods According to admission order,75 cases of PICC were divided into control group(n=36)and observation group(n=39).Patients in the control group received conventional health education and regular visits after discharge and besides the regular methods,patients in the observation group were intervened by health belief model for the compliance behavior.All patients of two groups were investigated with self-designed scale for compliance behavior.Result The compliance behavior of the observation group was better than that of control group with significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion The health belief model of education can improve the compliance behavior of PICC patients after discharge from hospital.