With the application of monoclonal antibody technology more and more widely, its production technology is becoming more and more perfect. Small molecule monoclonal antibody technology is becoming a hot research topic for people. The application of traditional Chinese medicine small molecule monoclonal antibody technology has been more and more widely, the technology for effective Chinese medicine component knockout provide strong technical support. The preparation of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule knockout technology are reviewed in this paper. The preparation of several steps, such as: in the process of preparation of antigen, hapten carrier coupling, coupling ratio determination and identification of artificial antigen and establishment of animal immunization and hybridoma cell lines of monoclonal antibody, the large-scale preparation; small molecule monoclonal antibody on Immune in affinity chromatography column method is discussed in detail. The author believes that this technology will make the traditional Chinese medicine research on a higher level, and improve the level of internationalization of Chinese medicine research.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; metabolism ; Immunologic Techniques ; methods ; trends

Objective To observe and measure the anatomical structure of approach of vertical facial nerve canal and put forward the normal measurement range and the location relationship among the vertical segment of facial nerve canal, the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus and the rear edge of external ear,and discuss the relationship and clinical significance between the mastoid gasification and the vertical segment of facial nerve canal. Methods 1. Evaluate the accuracy of CT image of related structure, using spiral CT in scanning four skull specimens, get the horizontal distances of the vertical segment of facial nerve canal to the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus and the rear edge of external in the axial position, and get the sagittal diameter of mastoid (the horizontal distance from the lowest point of external auditory inferior canal to the rear edge of mastoid) and the height (the vertical distance between the lowest points of the external auditory canal wall to the mastoid tip) in the sagittal position. And then saw the skull specimens to measure the distance in the same lay with CT image, and discuss the statistics difference of the distance between the values of CT imaging measurements and the dry entities cranial measurements on hand. 2. Study on people: 118 patients (236 sides) with non-ear disorders were randomly selected, among which there were 63 females (126 sides) and 55 males (110 sides). They were subjected to maxillofacial CT scan in the same layer that used above, and the horizontal distances of the facial nerve canal to the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus and the rear edge of external ear were measured. In addition, half of the product of diameter and height of the mastoid was defined as mastoid area, which was used to define the extension of mastoid gasification. Then related analysis and regression analysis were done between the vertical segment of facial nerve canal and the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus, as well as the rear edge of external ear. Results 1.Part of the experiment: There was no significantly different on the indicator values between CT image the entity measurements among the four skull specimens (P>0.05). 2. Study on people: There was no significantly different between left side and right side(P>0.05), but significantly different between genders(P<0.05). Between mastoid area and the distance from the vertical segment of facial nerve canal to the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus there is inverse correlation, and the relevance has the remarkable significance. However, there was no correlation between mastoid area and the vertical segment of facial nerve canal to the rear edge of external ear. Conclusion There was some relationship between the location of the vertical segment of facial nerve canal and external acoustic meatus. Anatomic position of vertical facial nerve cancal and the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus can be showed clearly. CT and in combination with primitive axial images may provide reliable evidence for the diagnosis facial nerve dieases and the choice of ear surgery route.

OBJECTIVEIn this study, we aimed to investigate the expressions of adhesion molecules on human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils in co-culture system, assess the effects of puerarin on suppressing these adhesion molecules expressions, and explore the roles of two crucial signal-transduction elements p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in modulating adhesion molecules expressions.

METHODSNeutrophils and BEAS-2B cells (one human bronchial epithelial cell line) were co-cultured, and adhesion molecules expressions on cell surface were detected using flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of adhesion molecules were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR). Phosphorylated p38 MAPK and inhibitor κB were analyzed by Western blot.

RESULTSIn co-culture system, adhesion molecules expressions on BEAS-2B cells and neutrophils were enhanced significantly (P<0.05). Correspondingly, the mRNA levels of adhesion molecules were also increased greatly. Moreover, the pretreatment of peurarin obviously suppressed adhesion molecules expressions on cell surface. Furthermore, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and inhibitor κB in BEAS-2B cells and neutrophils were elevated in co-culture system, but decreased significantly after upon the treatment of peurarin (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCoculture boosted the interactions between human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils mimicking airway inflflammation, whereas peurarin decreased the expression of adhesion molecules on cell surface by suppressing the activities of p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways, and exhibiting its anti-inflflammation activity.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bronchi ; cytology ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; DNA Primers ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Epithelial Cells ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neutrophils ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study effects of different interval year on Panax notoginseng plant soils middle and micro element content.

METHODThe dynamic change of Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, B from Mabai, Matang, Gumu and Panlong were determined under different planting patterns (new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil).

RESULTAll the micro elements (except Ca, Mg) of interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil were significantly higher than those of new soil. All the middle and micro elements (except B) of interval 5 years soil were significantly higher than those of the continuous cropping soil. Planting patterns had remarkable influence on the content of Mn, Cu, B, but not Zn Ca, Mg. Cu, Ca under the 3 planting patterns, and Zn under the continuous cropping pattern did not show significant quarter changes. B content increased with the elongation of implantation time. Zn in new soil and interval 5 years also increased with prolonging of planted time. Mg, Mn and Cu content reached to peak value on April next year, and reached to minimum on the end of this experiment. Compared with new soil, the proportion of Mn, Cu in total elements increased by 29%, 114%, Mg, B decreased by 18%, 38%, Zn and Ca changed slightly of interval 5 years soils; In continuous cropping soil, Mn, Cu and B increased by 50%, 120%, 22%, respectively, but Zn, Ca, Mg had no significant change.

CONCLUSIONContinuous cropping pattern could not induce the deficient of soil middle and micro elements, and thereafter might not result in continuous cropping obstacles. But the imbalance proportional of soil middle and micro elements in P. notoginseng plant soils may be one of the main reasons for continuous cropping obstacles.

China ; Kinetics ; Panax notoginseng ; growth & development ; Soil ; chemistry ; Time Factors ; Trace Elements ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study effects of different interval year on Panax notoginseng plant soils macro element content.

METHODThe dynamic change of total N, P, K and available N, P, K in soil from Mabai, Matang, Gumu and Panlong was determined under different planting patterns (new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil).

RESULTContents order of soil total N, P and available N, P were interval 5 years soil > continuous cropping soil > new soil. No significant quarter change on soil total N was found, but the other three showed inverted "v" curve, and the peak value appeared on April 2010. Content of soil total K did not change significantly, but the available K content order was new soil > continuous cropping soil > interval 5 years soil, the quarter change was similar as soil available N or P. The soil total N, P, K and available N, P, K were different of the 4 monitoring sites under the 3 interval planting modes. There was a significant correlation between soil total P and available P under all these 3 interval planting modes, but N and K. The propitiation of N-P-K of new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil were 1: 0.4: 2.4, 1: 0.4:1.4, 1:0. 4:2.0, respectively.

CONCLUSIONContinuous cropping pattern induce the accumulation of P, but deficient of K. The imbalance proportion of N, P and K was one of the incentives of continuous cropping induced obstacles. Strengthen the research of optimum proportion of soil N, P and K, and then eliminate continuous cropping obstacles by means of formulated fertilization is the future research direction.

Agriculture ; methods ; Breeding ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fertilizers ; analysis ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; metabolism ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; metabolism ; Potassium ; analysis ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Soil ; chemistry

A novel method was developed for the rapid determination of multi-indicators in corni fructus by means of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based least squares support vector machine was investigated to increase the levels of quality control. The calibration models of moisture, extractum, morroniside and loganin were established using the PSO-LS-SVM algorithm. The performance of PSO-LS-SVM models was compared with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN). The calibration and validation results of PSO-LS-SVM were superior to both PLS and BP-ANN. For PSO-LS-SVM models, the correlation coefficients (r) of calibrations were all above 0.942. The optimal prediction results were also achieved by PSO-LS-SVM models with the RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) and RSEP (relative standard errors of prediction) less than 1.176 and 15.5% respectively. The results suggest that PSO-LS-SVM algorithm has a good model performance and high prediction accuracy. NIR has a potential value for rapid determination of multi-indicators in Corni Fructus.
Algorithms ; Calibration ; Cornus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Models, Theoretical ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Support Vector Machine

Objective:To assess the relationship between the characteristic of drug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and the syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods:Sixty-six strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from sputum specimens of patients in our ICU from March 2005 to February 2006.The data of the drug sensitivity test in vitro was analyzed.The relation between the syndrome of TCM and drug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii was probed.Results:The 66 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were drug resistant to multiple kinds of anti-bacterial drugs(sensitivity rate

Comparative analysis of variable region ORF14/15 genes of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genome in Guangxi Penaeus vannamei (P. vannamei) could provide useful information for the evaluation of genetic diversity and genetic evolutionary relationship among WSSV isolates from Guangxi, China and other places. Based on geographical and temporal considerations, 40 WSSV-positive P. vannamei samples were collected during the period between May 2010 and July 2013 from Beihai, Qinzhou, and Fangchenggang, which were the main P. vannamei production areas in Guangxi, and the variable region ORF14/15 genes of the WSSV genome from all infected samples were amplified by PCR and then subjected to cloning and sequence analysis. Pairwise and multiple alignment analysis was then conducted to evaluate the degree of genetic divergence between different strains. The variable region ORF14/15 genes from 25 of 40 WSSV positive samples were successfully cloned and sequenced; among the ORF14/15 genes of 25 WSSV-positive strains, 22 was 619 bp in length and 3 was 620 bp. All the 25 Guangxi strains carried a 5949-bp deletion in the ORF14/15 region relative to TH-96-II, which has the longest nucleotide sequence in this region; the deletion of Guangxi strains occurred in the middle region of ORF14/15 gene, with only 190 bp and 429 bp/ 430 bp at 5' and 3' ends, respectively, which were coincident with WSSV-IN-05-I in deletion length and position. Sixteen of 25 Guangxi strains had completely identical nucleotide sequences in the variable re gion, and the homology between other strains also exceeded 97.9%. There were single nucleotide substi tution, deletion, and insertion in the ORF14/15 region of Guangxi strains compared with other strains in GenBank. In the phylogenetic tree based on WSSV variable region ORF14/15, the Guangxi strains were closely related and formed a separate branch with Indian strain IN-05-I, but far from other strains in GenBank. The ORF14/15 gene of WSSV isolates in cultured P. vannamei in Guangxi has a large deletion in the middle of the variable region, and the Guangxi WSSV strains show no significant spatio-temporal differences; the Guangxi strains are closer in genetics to Indian strain IN-05-I than other strains in GenBank.
Animals ; China ; Cloning, Molecular ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Penaeidae ; virology ; Phylogeny ; White spot syndrome virus 1 ; genetics

Child ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Fibroma, Ossifying ; diagnosis ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo observe the antioxidant effects of water extract of Carthamus tinctorius on ox-LDL induced injury in rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cell and detecting oxygen derived free radicals (OFR) to explore the antioxidant mechanisms.

METHODBy using the third generation of rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (rCMEC), the protection of water extract of C. tinctorius was investigated after ox-LDL (100 mg x L(-1) induced damage. The supernatant was collected for detecting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, and cell suspension was collected for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) by electron spin resonance (ESR).

RESULTWater extract of C. tinctorius increased the rCMEC survival rate, reduced LDH, MDA and XOD levels, and improved SOD, GSH-Px and NOS activity, while in the cell suspension ROS signal decreased significantly.

CONCLUSIONWater extract of C. tinctorius has antioxidation. The mechanisms are likely related with scavenging of free radicals, enhancing its clearance, enhancing endogenous antioxidant activity.

Animals ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; pharmacology ; Microvessels ; cytology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Water ; chemistry ; Xanthine Oxidase ; metabolism