Objective To understand the varying features and the trend of length/height-for-age,weight-for-age and body masa index(BMI)-for-age of children under six years old in Ningbo city,Zhejiang province.Methods By random clustered sampling,64 038 healthy children under six years old in Ningbo were chosen and their length/height and weight measured.Means,standard deviation and percentiles of length/height-for-age,weight-for-age and BMI were calculated by SAS systems.Results of this study were compared with growth standards from WHO 2006 and nine urban areas of China,in 2005.Results Data from our study showed that the annual growth rates were basically the same in boys and girls.All these indicators increased along with age but the younger the age,the faster the growth rate appeared.There were notable differences seen between genders and urban-rural distribution.BMIs were also varied with age and sex.BMI reached peak between 4 to 6 months,then dropped slowly when age increased.Conclusion The means of length/height-for-age,weight-for-age in Ningbo city had exceeded the WHO standards,and the growth by year under six year-olds in Ningbo was close to the data from nine urban areas of China in 2005.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of simple obesity among children under age 7 in Ningbo and to analyze the data regarding body mass index (BMI) from overweight screening under different standards. Methods Randomized cluster sampling was adopted and 64 038 children under 7 years old in Ningho were chosen and their length/height and weight were measured but pathological and secondary obesity cases were excluded. According to the Standardized Height and Weight set by WHO, more than 10% referring to overweight and more than 20% referring to obesity. Moreover, results of this study were compared with growth standards with WHO' s 2006 and IOTF standards. Results According to the Standardized Height and Weight set by WHO, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity of children under age 7 were 4.25% and 2.88%. The ratio for boys were 4.45% and 3.01%, while for girls as 3.86% and 2.56%, with significant difference (P<0.01). Data showed that the rates for overweight and obesity increased along with age, reaching 11.84% and 9.68% for boys and 10.14% and 9.46% for girls at the age of 6. The ratios of overweight/obesity among different age groups and sex were 1.15-1.94:1. The critical value for P85, P95 were lower than the standards set by WHO and IOTE The rates for overweight and obesity for latter were 9.72%, 2.83% and 6.11%, 0.55% respectively. Conclusion Early childhood is the key period for obesity prevention, with boys in particular. Prevention and control for childhood obesity should be included in the programs for children' s health. Value of classification standards for the BMI screening of overweight and obesity for children under age 7 should be established in no time.

In this study, solid dispersion system of magnolol in croscarmellose sodium was prepared by using the solvent evaporation method, in order to increase the drug dissolution. And its dissolution behavior, stability and physical characteristics were studied. The solid dispersion was prepared with magnolol and croscarmellose sodium, with the proportion of 1∶5, the in vitro dissolution of magnolol solid dispersion was up to 80.66% at 120 min, which was 6.9 times of magnolol. The results of DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), IR (infra-red) spectrum and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) showed that magnolol existed in solid dispersion in an amorphous form. After an accelerated stability test for six months, the drug dissolution and content in magnolol solid dispersion showed no significant change. So the solid dispersion prepared with croscarmellose sodium as the carrier can remarkably improve the stability and dissolution of magnolol.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cefaze-done injection ( CZD) compared with cefazolin injection ( CZL) in the treatment of acute bacterial respiratory infections.Methods Eligible subjects were divided randomly to receive 2.0 g cefazedone injection or cefazolin injection twice a day for 7 to 14 days.Efficacy and safety evaluation were done in accordance with the clinical trial protocol.Results Two hundred and sixty patients in 11 hospitals were en-rolled, 126 in CZD group( trial) and 134 in CZL group( control).There were no statistical differences in basic conditions between two groups( P >0.05 ).Cure rates of CZD group and CZL group were 95.5% and 94.9% in PPS ( P>0.05 ).Bacteria clearance rates of CZD group and CZL group were100% and 91.7% in BPPS and the total cure rates of CZD group and CZL group were 94.4% and 91.7% in BPPS, respectively ( P>0.05).Ten out off 126 patients in CZD group and 14 out off 134 in CZL group developed adverse events( AE ).Six and eleven events in CZD group and CZL group
were evaluated to be related with study drugs.One case in CZL group developed severe AE , which was considered not related with study drug.Conclusion Cefazedone injection is safe and effective in the treatment of respiratory infections.

Objective To analyze the results of detection on influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in Beijing from May 2009 to December 2009 and to understand the epidemiologic characteristics during the pandemic period. Methods The study was conducted from the May 1 to December 27,2009. A total of 101 852 throat swab samples were detected with the real-time RT-PCR assay by the Beijing Network Laboratory. Data was statistically analyzed. Results 9843 samples showed influenza A (H1N1) 2009 positive, with an overall positive rate as 9.66%. In terms of the positive rates, they were 2.85% from May to June, 3.32% from July to August and 8.35% from September to October. The peak month fell in November (29.67%) and December (24.33%). The positive rates among the following subpopulations were: 8.40% among the suspected cases, 4.75% among close contact cases, 11.46% among the influenza-like illness cases and 7.33% among the cluster cases with fever. Positive cases mainly fell in age groups 5-14 and 15-24. The ratio of male to female was 1.5:1.Conclusion During the pandemic period of influenza A (H1N1) 2009, positive cases gradually increased during May to November but slowly decreasing in December.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of premature rupture of the membrane (PROM) on neonatal complications in premature infants.

METHODSThe registration information of 7684 preterm infants with gestational age <37 weeks were collected from the cooperative units in the task group between January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. Specially trained personnel from each cooperative units filled in the unified form in a standardized format to record the gender, gestational age, birth weight, PROM, placental abruption, antenatal corticosteroid, Apgar score, amniotic fluid pollution, and complications of the infants. The data were analyzed comparatively between the cases with PROM and those without (control).

RESULTSThe preterm mortality rate was significantly lower but the incidences of ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly higher in PROM group than in the control group (P<0.05). The 95% confidence interval of the OR value was <1 for mortality, and was >1 for ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD. After adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, gender, mode of delivery, placental abruption, placenta previa, prenatal hormones, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational period hypertension and 5-min Apgar score <7, the incidences of NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05) with 95% confidence interval of OR value >1, but the mortality rate and incidence of ICH were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONPROM is a risk factor for NEC, ROP and BPD in preterm infants, and adequate intervention of PROM can reduce the incidences of such complications as NEC, ROP and BPD in the infants.

Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture ; pathology ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; etiology ; Infant, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

Due to the particularity of ginseng cultivation, the soil fertility of cultivated ginseng is seriously depleted, so that the cultivated ginseng land can not be reused in the short term, and the land area available for cultivating ginseng becomes less and less with the growth of ginseng cultivation time. Therefore, in order to effectively manage ginseng cultivation, and achieve the sustainable use of ginseng land, it is necessary to obtain accurate information on the distribution of ginseng planting space. In this study, the object-oriented classification method based on rule set was used to extract ginseng planting area based on the ZY-3 satellite data in Fusong county, Jilin province. Firstly, multi-scale segmentation of ZY-3 remote sensing image in the study area was made, and the optimal segmentation scale was determined on the basis of multi-scale segmentation results. Secondly, a spectral curve according to the different feature type samples was generated. The similarities and differences between ginseng plot and other types of surface features were analyzed, and a rule set based on the results of spectral analysis was established to achieve the final extraction. The results show that the object-oriented classification method based on rule set can effectively extract the ginseng planting plots in the study area, and solve the problem that the extraction result is broken compared with the traditional pixel-based classification method.