To study the effect of hemoporphyrin derivative(HPD) combined with laser irradiation on human breast tumor cell line MCF-7 and normal human umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic cells by using MTT assay. The results showed that HPD plus laser irradiation was more efficient for killing MCF-7 cells than normal human umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic cells. The photochemical effect with laser irradiation were higher than with light irradiation and it's effect on MCF-7 cells was higher gradually with the increase of HPD concentration.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features and diagnostic approach of chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA).

METHODSSeven cases of chronic EAA diagnosed by open lung biopsy or lung transplant were enrolled into the study. The clinical and pathologic features were analyzed and the literature was reviewed.

RESULTSThere were altogether 4 men and 3 women. The age of the patients ranged from 30 to 65 years (mean = 48 years). All cases represented chronic form and five cases diagnosed by open lung biopsy also showed features of recent aggravation, leading to hospitalization. Four cases had known history of exposure to inciting gases, pollens and pets, and only 2 cases were positive for allergens. High-resolution CT scan showed ground-glass attenuation and reticular pattern that often had a patchy distribution and central predominance. Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis showed marked lymphocytosis, with CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio less than 1. Lung function test demonstrated a restrictive ventilatory defect, with decreased compliance, reduced diffusion capacity and high airway obstruction. Five cases had open lung biopsy performed and two cases had undergone lung transplantation. Pathologic examination showed bronchiolocentric cellular interstitial pneumonia, interstitial fibrosis, non-caseating epithelioid granulomas, epithelioid histiocytic infiltrate in the respiratory bronchioles and intraluminal budding fibrosis. The five cases with open lung biopsy performed also showed neutrophilic infiltrate in the alveoli. The two lung transplant cases were complicated by severe fibrotic changes.

CONCLUSIONSChronic EAA demonstrates characteristic pathologic features. Definitive diagnosis requires correlation with clinical and radiologic findings due to possible morphologic mimicry of other diffuse parenchymal lung diseases.

Adult ; Aged ; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Biopsy ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; pathology ; Lung Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoidosis ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT-1) and desmin in benign and malignant mesothelial lesions, including reactive mesothelial hyperplasia (RMH), epithelioid malignant mesothelioma (EMM) and metastatic adenocarcinoma (MAC).

METHODSOne hundred and forty two pleural biopsy specimens were collected in this study, including 58 cases of RMH, 53 cases of EMM and 31 cases of MAC. Immunohistochemical EliVision method was performed to detect GLUT-1 and desmin expression.

RESULTSThe positive rates for GLUT-1 in RMH, EMM and MAC were 13.8% (8/58) , 81.1% (43/53) and 77.4% (24/31) , respectively, with statistically significant differences between RMH and others (both P < 0.01). The positive rates for desmin in RMH, EMM and MAC were 77.6% (45/58) , 9.4% (5/53) and 0 (0/31) , respectively, with statistically significant difference between RMH and others (both P < 0.01). The combined expression pattern of positive GLUT-1 and negative desmin was found in 1 (1.7%, 1/58) RMH cases, 41 (77.4%, 41/53) EMM cases and 24 (77.4%, 24/31) MAC cases, with statistically significant difference between RMH and others (both P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSGLUT-1 and desmin may be used as immunohistochemical markers in separating RMH from EMM. Combined application of two antibodies may improve the specificity.

Adenocarcinoma ; secondary ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mesothelioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pleura ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pleural Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathologic features of pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH).

METHODSThe clinical and pathologic profiles of 2 PCH cases were evaluated. Immunohistochemical study (EnVision method) was performed on fixed tissues. The biologic behavior was analyzed with follow-up data.

RESULTSThe main presenting symptom was dyspnea. Chest radiography of the two cases depicted diffuse, ground-glass nodules, accompanied by enlarged central pulmonary arteries. Microscopically, the most distinctive feature was proliferation of capillary channels within pulmonary interstitium and alveolar walls, accompanied by muscularization of arterioles. Immunohistochemical study showed an abundance of mast cells in the lesion, and staining for platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-β) localized to vascular smooth muscles surrounding the proliferating capillaries and the mast cells. The index of Ki-67 was less than 1 percent and the p53 was negative.

CONCLUSIONSPCH is a rare vascular proliferative disease of yang patients. Increased number of mast cell and the up-regulation of PDGFR-β may suggest mechanism for PCH. The clinical and radiologic diagnosis of PCH can be very difficult, and the histological examination is regarded as the most reliable means to establish the diagnosis. Pathologists should improve their knowledge on PCH.

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

AIM:To investigate the changes of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase(SCAD)in hypertensive vascular remodeling and to explore the relationship between SCAD and vascular remodeling in hypertension.METHODS:The spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR;24 weeks old)and Wistar rats(24 weeks old)were used as experimental con-trol groups.The SHR and Wistar rats of 16 weeks old were trained by swimming as experimental groups.The systolic pres-sure was measured periodically.The thickness of vascular wall and the diameter of the vascular lumen were measured.The contents of ROS and ATP,the enzyme activity of SCAD, and the expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels in the aorta were determined.The free fatty acid in the serum and aorta was also measured.RESULTS:Compared with Wistar group,the diameter of vascular lumen decreased in SHR group.The thickness of vascular wall,the ratio of vascular wall and the diameter of vascular lumen,and the blood pressure in SHR group were increased significantly(P<0.05).Com-pared with SHR group,the diameter of vascular lumen increased in SHR +swim group.The thickness of vascular wall,the ratio of vascular wall and the diameter of vascular lumen,and the blood pressure in SHR +swim group were decreased sig-nificantly.Compared with control group, the expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels, the enzyme activity of SCAD,and the content of ATP were decreased in SHR group.However,the free fatty acid in the serum and aorta,and the content of ROS in the aorta were increased in SHR group.The expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels,the en-zyme activity of SCAD,the content of ATP were increased in Wistar +swim group and SHR +swim group.However, the free fatty acid in serum and aorta,and the content of ROS in the aorta were decreased in Wistar +swim group and SHR+swim group.CONCLUSION: Decrease in SCAD expression may be associated with hypertensive vascular remodeling. Swimming training can reverse hypertensive vascular remodeling by increasing the expression of SCAD in the aorta.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of Gemin 3(rs197412) in the miRNA biosynthesis with NHL cancer risk and overall prognosis.

METHODSmiR-SNP were genotyped using PCR-ligase detection reaction(LAR, LCR) in NHL group of 230 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients and in control group of 120 healthy persons. The survival curves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method, and comparisons between the curves were made using the log-rank test. Multivariate survival analysis was performed by using a Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTSThe rs197412 genotype distribution difference was not statistically significant, in NHL and control group; the survival time of patients carrying the rs197412 TT genotype was significantly longer than that of the patients carrying the CC+CT genotype (P=0.007). In addition, rs197412 was independent from the survival of NHL patients by multivariate analysis (RR: 2.138,95% CI: 1.303-3.508, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe single nucleotide polymorphisms of Gemin 3 (rs197412) in the miRNA processing are not related with NHL risk, but that may affect NHL survival.

The present study was aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of kallistatin in protection against oxidative stress-induced hepatic stellate cell damage. The effects of kallistatin on the viability, the intracellular superoxide level and Akt, eNOS molecules were investigated in human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 and the incompletely activated primary rat hepatic stellate cells. Two different oxidative-stress related models, the hydrogen peroxide model and the iron-overload model were used in the experiments. The results show that kallistatin protected the hepatic stellate cells from oxidative damage and repaired the cell damage by oxidative stress. The main mechanism is antioxidant activity of kallistatin, which can remove the oxidized substances inside the cells. On the other way, kallistatin activates Akt and eNOS molecules to generate the antioxidant effect. Our results help to explore new anti-fibrotic targets.

ObjectiveTo determine the stability of androgen indexes by analyzing the relationship of androgen indexes with the results of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) questionnaire investigations, and offer some reference for the application of the diagnostic criteria for LOH released by The Chinese Society of Andrology in 2009.

METHODSThis study included 1 003 males aged 40 years or older who had accomplished the questionnaires of Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM), Aging Males' Symptoms Scale (AMS), and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). We evaluated the correlation of androgen indexes with the results of the questionnaire investigation, repeated the examination of androgen indexes for the subjects with total testosterone (TT) ≤11.5 nmol/L after an average of 1.5 years, and analyzed the factors inducing changes of androgen indexes.

RESULTSFree testosterone index (FTI) ≤ 0.42 (OR, 1.369) and calculated free testosterone (cFT) ≤ 0.3 nmol/L (OR, 1.302) were considered as the risk factors of LOH in AMS, and so were testosterone secretion index (TSI) ≤ 2.8 nmol/IU (OR, 1.679) and cFT ≤ 0.3 nmol/L (OR, 1.371) in IIEF-5. Paired t-test on the results of the examination performed twice showed significant differences in the levels of TT, TSI, cFT, and FT (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDecreased testosterone may cause the diversity of LOH symptoms and hence the fluctuation of androgens. Therefore, the diagnosis of LOH depends on androgen indexes, varied symptoms in the questionnaires, and relief of the symptoms after testosterone therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathological features, molecular changes and prognostic factors in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). METHODS: Sixty-one cases AITL diagnosed by Department of Pathology of Peking University Cancer Hospital were collected with their clinical data. Morphologically, they were classified as typeⅠ[lymphoid tissue reactive hyperplasia (LRH) like]; typeⅡ[marginal zone lymphoma(MZL)like] and type Ⅲ [peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not specified (PTCL-NOS) like]. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the presence of follicular helper T-cell (TFH) phenotype, proliferation of extra germinal center (GC) follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells and large B transformation. The density of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) + cells was counted with slides stained by Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization on high power field (HPF). T-cell receptor / immunoglobulin gene (TCR/IG) clonality and targeted exome sequencing (TES) test were performed when necessary. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Morphological subtype (%): 11.4% (7/61) cases were classified as type Ⅰ; 50.8% (31/61) as type Ⅱ; 37.8% (23/61) as type Ⅲ. 83.6% (51/61) cases showed classical TFH immunophenotype. With variable extra-GC FDC meshwork proliferation (median 20.0%); 23.0% (14/61) had HRS-like cells; 11.5% (7/61) with large B transformation. 42.6% (26/61) of cases with high counts of EBV. 57.9% (11/19) TCR⁺/IG^-, 26.3% (5/19) TCR⁺/IG⁺, 10.5% (2/19) were TCR^－/IG^－, and 5.3% (1/19) TCR^－/IG⁺. Mutation frequencies by TES were 66.7% (20/30) for RHOA, 23.3% (7/30) for IDH2 mutation, 80.0% (24/30) for TET2 mutation, and 33.3% (10/30) DNMT3A mutation. Integrated analysis divided into four groups: (1) IDH2 and RHOA co-mutation group (7 cases): 6 cases were type Ⅱ, 1 case was type Ⅲ; all with typical TFH phenotype; HRS-like cells and large B transformation were not found; (2) RHOA single mutation group (13 cases): 1 case was type Ⅰ, 6 cases were type Ⅱ, 6 cases were type Ⅲ; 5 cases without typical TFH phenotype; 6 cases had HRS-like cells, and 2 cases with large B transformation. Atypically, 1 case showed TCR^－/IG^－, 1 case with TCR^－/IG⁺, and 1 case with TCR⁺/IG⁺; (3) TET2 and/or DNMT3A mutation alone group (7 cases): 3 cases were type Ⅱ, 4 cases were type Ⅲ, all cases were found with typical TFH phenotype; 2 cases had HRS-like cells, 2 cases with large B transformation, and atypically; (4) non-mutation group (3 cases), all were type Ⅱ, with typical TFH phenotype, with significant extra-GC FDC proliferation, without HRS-like cells and large B transformation. Atypically, 1 case was TCR^－/IG^－. Univariate analysis confirmed that higher density of EBV positive cell was independent adverse prognostic factors for both overall survival (OS) and progression free survival(PFS), (P=0.017 and P=0.046). CONCLUSION Pathological diagnoses of ALTL cases with HRS-like cells, large B transformation or type Ⅰ are difficult. Although TCR/IG gene rearrangement test is helpful but still with limitation. TES involving RHOA, IDH2, TET2, DNMT3A can robustly assist in the differential diagnosis of those difficult cases. Higher density of EBV positive cells counts in tumor tissue might be an indicator for poor survival.
Humans ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics* ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology* ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy/pathology* ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology* ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell