OBJECTIVE:To select an optimal extraction technique of Whitmania pigra whiman.METHODS:The af?fecting factors such as variety of solvent,temperature,time,the amount of solvent and the frequency of the extraction were studied on the basis of protein content in the hirudo extract and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT).RESULTS:The optimum extraction result was obtained in4%NaCl solvent of10-fold as much as the medicine with3times of extraction at60℃for6h((3h+2h+1h).CONCLUSION:The present technique is simple,scientific and practicable.

Objective To study the nursing features and effects of using insulin pump in gestational diabetes , and to grope for pregnant women during pregnancy care and education mode , how to make the gestational diabetes pregnant women safely through pregnancy to ensure that maternal and child health.Methods A retrospective analysis were done on 47 cases of gestational diabetes pregnant which treated by insulin pump from January 2004 to January 2009, reinforced therapy of using insulin pump and comprehensive care measures including mental nursing, diet therapy, appropriate physical training, skill nursing, healthy education and so on were taken.Results The blood glucose of all patients were well controlled, there were no complication of hypoglycemia reaction, hypoglycemia reaction, diabetic hyperosmolar coma, diabetic ketoacidosis and fetal distress in uterus.Conclusion It is considerable significance that perfect pregnancy care, active and effective nursing inter-vention for reducing infant and maternal complications and ensuring maternal and child health .

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology

BACKGROUND: "Public Health Report in 2000" shows that various indexes of body shape of the national infants increase with their age; Urban infants exceed rural even-aged ones in the body height, body mass and chest circumference; Urban infants also exceed rural even-aged ones in the mean increase of development of body shape at each index. Urban-rural disparity still exists.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the body shape of 3- to 6-year-old infants of Heibei province, and analyze the differences in body shape at different age stages between urban and rural infants.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.SETTING: Hebei Provincial Party School.PARTICIPANTS: Body-shape investigation was performed in 1 600 healthy 3- to 6-year-old urban and rural infants from Shijiazhuang,Cangzhou and Chengde in July 2000 with clustering stratified random sampling. Informed consents were obtained from the guardians of the infants.METHODS: By referring to related results, the body length and body mass at born of infants were investigated through questionnaire-style according to the performance criteria of "Public Health Monitoring Working Manual in 2000" formulated by general administration of sport of China.To be measured shape indexes included body height, body mass, sitting height, chest circumstance, skinfold thickness at upper buttocks, shoulder blade and abdomen, t test was used for the comparison of difference of measurement data.RESULTS: Totally 1 600 questionnaires were handed out, and all of them were completely and exactly filled in and retrieved. 800 were male and 800 were female; 800 were urban infants and 800 were rural infants. ① The body height and body mass of 3- to 6-year-old infants at born: Four year-old male infants were shorter than other age-stage infants at born. Six-year-old male infants were the longest, and the increased amplitude was the largest and the increased speed was the fastest. The body height of female infants developed in wave-tendency from born, decreased at 5 years old and rebounded at 6 years old. The body mass of male infants developed in wave-tendency, and decreased fastest in the largest amplitude at 6 years old. The body mass of female infants developed in year-by-year decreasing tendency. The increased amplitude and speed of the body mass of the female infants were the same between at 5 yearn old and at 6 years old. ② The changes in body height and body mass of 3- to 6-year-old infants: The body height and body mass of 3- to 6-year-old infants increased with age.③ Comparison of the measuring index of body shape between urban and rural 3- to 6-year-old infants: The urban male infants significantly exceeded the rural male ones in chest circumstance, skinfold thickness at upper buttocks, shoulder blade and abdomen [(55.22±3.56)vs(54.58±3.43) cm;(9.33±3.20)vs (8.34±2.29) mm;(6.19±2.55)vs (5.18±1.98) mm;(6.64 ±3.30)vs (6.05±2.49) mm, t=2.573, 5.034,2.375, 2.848,P ＜ 0.05-0.01].The body height, body mass and sitting height were close between urban and rural male infants (P ＞ 0.05). ④ Comparison of the measuring index of body shape between urban and rural 3- to 6-year-old female infants: Urban female infants significantly exceeded rural female ones in skinfold thickness at upper buttocks, shoulder blade and abdomen [(10.09±3.32) vs (9.08±2.52) mm, (6.68±2.45) vs (6.16±2.01) mm, (7.62±3.23) vs (6.84 ±3.07) mm, t=4.857, 3.266,3.481 ,P ＜ 0.01].The body height, body mass,sitting height and chest circumstance were close between urban and rural female infants (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: ①Male and female infants have the largest increased amplitude and fastest increased speed in the body height between at 3 years old and at 4 years old. Increased amplitude and increased speed develop constantly from 4 years old. ② The body mass of male infants had the largest increased amplitude at 6 years old, but that of female infants at 4 years old. The increased speed of body mass of male infants is higher at 4 years old and 6 years old than at 5 years old, and that of female infants increase with age. ③ Urban male nfants exceed rural male infants in upper body development and in vivo fat content. In vivo fat content of urban female infants is higher than that of rural ones.

BACKGROUND: Officers and intellectuals are bearing heavy government affairs and tasks of teaching and scientific research. It is practically important to acknowledge and master their body constitution, which can help to instruct them to scientifically build their bodies.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the body function and shape as well as body constitution of scientific researchers and officers in Handan, and analyze the existing problems and bring out the settlement.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Hebei Provincial Committee Party School.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 499 subjects, aged 20-59 years, including238 males and 261 females were selected from government officers, university teachers and scientific researchers of institute and aeademy by using stratified and cluster random sampling. Subjects aged 20-39 were divided into adult group A (50.5%), and those with the age ranged 40-59 were taken as adult group B (49.5%).METHODS: All subjects fulfilled the questionnaire (including whether they had hospitalized history, and the smoking condition, exercise condition, reasons why did not participate in the sports, sports items that patients took part in, the place they conducted athletic activities, time of each exercise and exercise times per week etc.) and were measured of the body constitution.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Indexes of body function and shape,including body height, body mass, chest circumference, waistline, hip circumference and skinfold at all parts of body as well as the pulse in quiet state, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and lung capacity etc. ②Indexes of body constitution, including grasp force,bend-ahead in sitting, stand up on one leg with eyes closed, choice reaction time simple reaction time, back strength, 10 m×4 shuttle run, and pushup (male)/sit-up (female) etc. The results of test were scaled according to the Report of Monitoring of Chinese Adult Constitution, edited by the State Physical Cultural Administration. Those with the score greater than 17 points passed, while those less than 17 points failed.③The relationship between status quo of body constitution and life style.RESULTS: A total of 499 subjects were involved in the analysis of results.①With the age increasing, the body mass in males and females were increased with circumferences being enlarged and subcutaneous fat increased, and the shape was in horizontal development. The body function in females with the age ranged 20-40 were relatively stable, and began to descend at 40. The body function in adult males descended gradually and stably with the descending speed lower than in females. The force, bursting strength of lower limbs, position sense, coordination of sight and proprioceptive sense, speed in motion and response etc. Of adult males were better than males, while the extensibility and tenacity of joint, muscle and tendon were superior in females than in males. All indexes of constitution in males aged 20-40 were better, while the tenacity and speed in motion and response of males older than 40 began to decay rapidly. ②The pass rate in males of adult group A was 87.5% and was 87.3% in females, while that in males of adult group B was 80.2% and was 74.8% in females. ③The pass rate in populations with exercise custom was greatly higher than in those without it, while the proportion of exercise people accounted little in the subjects. It accounted for 40.7% in males of adult group A and for 28.6% in females, and it accounted for 37.3% in males of adult group B, and for 31.6% in females. ④Body constitution in people who never smoke and occasionally smoke were better than in those often smoke. The pass rate in people who had been hospitalized was a little lower. ⑤The pass rate in subjects who exercised three or four times each week was much higher,and it was the highest in subjects exercised 30-60 minutes each time.CONCLUSION: ①The constitution in population older than 40 is significantly worse and worse. ②Sports activities can remarkably promote the body constitution.③Smoking has obvious side effects on body constitution.④It can reinforce the body constitution by doing sports activity for 30-60 minutes and 3 or 4 times each week.

Objective To analyze the clinical value and safety of capsule endoscopy in the digestive tract diseases.Methods 55 cases of inpatients or outpatients were given the capsule endoscopy examination.The positive detection rate and safety were observed.Results The positive detection rate was 87.3％,the diagnostic rate was 50.9％.Capsule retention in the body happened in 2 cases (1 case of small intestine space-occupying lesions,decided to take the operation,another 1 case got Crohn's disease,intestinal incomplete obstruction),the occurrence rate was 1.5％.Conclusion The capsule endoscopy make up some shortcomings of the traditional gastrointestinal endoscope,but also show some drawbacks,so improving performance of instrument of the capsule endoscopy,expanding the scope of application of capsule endoscopy will be the development direction of the capsule endoscopy in the future.

Objective To observe any therapeutic effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on bone loss in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.Methods Fifty-five patients with SCI were divided into two groups randomly.The twenty-six patients in the control group (group B) were given only routine rehabilitation treatment; the twenty-six patients in the treatment group (group A) received PEMF therapy in addition.Results After 12 weeks of treatment,the average bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur (including total,neck,Wards,inter,troch) in group A was significantly higher than in group B.The levels of bone-gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing protein (BGP) and 1,25 (OH)2D3 in group A increased significantly,while they decreased in group B.Urine-pyridinium/crealinine (U-Pyd/Cr) levels in group A decreased significantly,while in group B they were higher than before.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion PEMF treatment can effectively retard bone loss in SCI patients.It has good preventive and curative effects on osteoporosis after SCI.

Central exudative chorioretinopathy( CEC),also known as idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (ICN),was more common in middle-aged,appearing the isolated macular choroidal neovascularization lesions ( CNV ).CNV can cause macular hemorrhage,exudativeing and scarring and therefore affect the patient' s central vision.The etiology of CEC is below understanding,and the treatment aimed at CNV.The clinical management of CEC include photodynamic therapy ( PDT),the administration of antibody of vascular epithelial growth factor ( VEGF ),adrenal glucocorticoid drug,combined therapy,transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT),laser photocoagulation,ratiotherapy,surgery,Chinese traditional medicine and gene therapy.The various treating approaches and their mechanisms were reviewed.

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria in urinary tract infection,and to provide evidences for rational use of antibiotics in clinic.Methods The data from 3 677 midstream urine specimens for bacterial culture were retrospectively analyzed.VITEK-2Compact was used to identify bacteria and test drag sensitivity.And WHONETS.6 was used to statistically analyze the data.Results Of 649 strains of pathogenic bacteria from urinary tract infection patients,there were 439 strains of gram-negative bacteria,accounted for 67.6％,among which there were 301 (46.4％) strains of Escherichia coli,and 74 (11.4％) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae;there were 121 strains of gram-positive cocci,accounted for 18.7％,among which there were 97(14.9％) strains of Enterococcus,and 22 (3.4％) strains of Staphylococcus;there were 89 strains of fungi,accounted for 13.7％.According to drug susceptibility,the sensitive rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem,cefotetan,piporacillin-tazobactam and amikacin were all over 87.0％.The drug sensitivity of Enterococcus to vancomycin and linezolid were both 100.0％.As to drug resistance to other drags,Enterococcus faecium was higher than Enterococcus faecalis.Conclusion Escherichia coli is the primary pathogenic bacteria of urinary tract infection.Every bacteria strain has a high drug resistance.In clinic,hospital should perform urine bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests timely,and use antibiotics rationally in order to reduce the production and growth of drug-resistant bacteria.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare Indomethacin-hydroxypropy-cyclodextrin inclusion complex ointments and establish its assay method. METHODS: The preparation was prepared with O/W type emulsion ointment as base material, and the content of Indomethacin in which was determined by UV spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The calibration curve of Indomethacin was linear in the range of 16.76～41.91?g?mL-1(r=0.999 6),and its average recovery was 99.53%(RSD=1.50%). CONCLUSION: The ointments were convenient in preparation technique, and simple and accurate in determination.