Objective To evaluate the protective effect of taurine on renal injury induced by high energy shock wave in rabbits.Methods Twenty rabbits were divided into the experimental (n=10)and the control group (n=10) at random.Both the groups were exposed to 1500 shock waves at 12.75 KV.In the experimental group, taurine (150 mg/kg) was given intravenously during the shock, while normal saline was given in the controls. Malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in serum were measured and the histological changes, the expression of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) in kidney were determined 3 days after the shocks.Results The level of MDA was(2.2±0.4) ,(2.1±0.4)mmol/L, and the level of SOD was (56.4±9.9) ,(55.8±10.1)μU/L respectively in the experimental and the control group before the shock.There was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0. 05). After the shock, the level of MDA and SOD was (2.7±0.7)mmol/L, (55.3±5.7)μU/L respectively in the experimental group. There was no significant difference(P＞0.05) compared with the level of before the shock's. While in the control group, the level of MDA and SOD was (5. 7±0. 7) mmol/L, (33. 3±3. 5)μU/L respectively.There was significant difference (P＜0.05) compared with the level of before the shock's. The renal tubule scores of the experimental group and the control group after shocks were 7.2±0.8 and 31.8±1.9, respectively. And the HSP70 scores were 25.2±4.1 and 6.4±0.9, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusions Taurine can effectively protect kidney from injury induced by high energy shock wave in rabbit.The mechanism may be related with its antioxidant capacity and inducing the synthesis of HSP70 in kidney.

Objective To understand the health knowledge needs of the patients with sequela of stroke and receiving infusion treatment in community service center.MethodsAn investigation on health-related needs of 300 infusion patients with sequela of stroke at Nanning Nanmian Beihu Community Health Center was performed with self-designed questionnaire.ResultsMore than 80% of patients wanted to know following knowledges: the cause of stroke and disease,treatment and more,and the name of the drug treatment,infusion of attention,and other matters.More than 80% of patients hoped to receive health education.The difference of the needs of patients with different profession for the health education was significant(P<0.01).ConclusionThe patients with sequela of stroke would like to know the disease-related knowledge,scientific guidance to health and health care in outpatient infusion clinics during treatment should be based on the needs of patients,to carry out the relevant health education.

Objective To compare the curative effects of intertrochantefie fractures in aged by two operative methods. Methods 85 cases of elderly patients suffered from intertrechanteric fractures were retrospectively ana-lyzed. Out of the 85 cases,45 cases were treated with dynamic hip screw(DHS) and 40 cases were fixed with Gamma nails. The curative effects and complications were compared simultaneously. Results The total excellent rate was 83.5% in 85 patients,the rates of DHS and Gamma nails group were 77. 8% and 90% (X2 = 2. 84, P 0. 05), re-spectively. The operative time (66. 4 ± 19. 4)min in DHS group were less than the Gamma nail group (875 ± 25.5) rain (t=2. 451 ,P < 0. 05), but the length of surgical incision (19. 6± 5. 1)cm greater than the Gamma nail group (10. 3 ± 4. 7) cm(t = 2. 501, P < 0. 05). The complications of DHS group (11.1%) were significanfly higher than that of Gamma nail group(2. 5%) (X2 =3.94,P<0. 05). Conclusion As long as the physical condition can toler-ate,surgery recommend the use of DHS and Gamma nail surgical techniques in aged patients with intertrechanteric fractures.

Purpose:To determine the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine plus cisplatin in anthracyclin- and taxane-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer. Methods:Chemo-resistance was defined as no response while rece iving first-line and/or second-line chemotherapy. Patients with advanced and c hemo-resistant breast cancer, which was confirmed histologically, received gemc itabine 1,000 mg/m 2 on d1, 8 and cisplatin 25 mg/m 2 on d1-3, every 3 weeks.2 cycles were delivered at least. Results:30 female patients were enrolled in this trial. All pat ients were evaluable for response and toxicity. The median age was 46 years (ran ge, 34-58 years). After 2-4 (median, 3) cycles of chemotherapy, overall object ive response was 50.0%, with 5 CRs (Complete response 16.7%) and 10 PRs (Partial response 33.3%). Stable disease was seen in 13 patients (43.3%), and disease pr ogression in 2 patiens (6.7%). Toxicities included myelosuppression and gastroin testinal reaction mainly. Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ toxicites developed in 50% patients. Ther e were no treat-related deaths. The median follow-up time was 12.5 (range: 2- 48) months. Median overall survival was 14 months, and median time to progressio n was 10 months. Conclusions:These data indicate that the combination of gemcita bine and cisplatin is an effective treatment for heavily pretreated breast cance r patients with manageable toxicity.

Aim To investigate the combined effect of mangiferin and ephedrine as well as explore its underlying mechanism in mouse model of allergic asthma.Methods The mouse model of asthma was sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin(OVA).The behaviors of mice during the challenging period were observed.Continuous autonomic activities of mice after 1 h of drug treatment were monitored with the autonomic activity recorder for 14 days.The total and differential cells in peripheral blood were counted.Histological study of lung sections on airway inflammation was carried out with haematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining.The levels of ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E(OVA-sIgE) and(Cyclic Adenosine monophosphate) cAMP in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The mRNA expression of cytokines mainly produced by Th1/Th2 lymphocytes such as IFN-γ and IL-4, IL-5 were semi-quantitatively analyzed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Combination treatment and mangiferin could reduce the aberrantly autonomic activity caused by ephedrine in mice.Compared with the model group, asthmatic symptoms in all treatment groups could be significantly relieved, the pathological changes of lung tissue were improved and airway inflammation was reduced.The effect of combined treatment was better than that of mangiferin treatment alone.Compared with the model group, the total number of white blood cells(WBC) and the eosinophils(EOS) ratio in peripheral blood in all treatment groups decreased, the level of OVA-sIgE declined and the level of cAMP increased in serum.Combination treatment could lower mRNA expressions of IL-4 and IL-5 from Th2 lymphocytes and increase the mRNA expressions of IFN-γ released by Th1 lymphocytes.Conclusions The effect of combined therapy of mangiferin and ephedrine is better than that of mangiferin treated alone, meanwhile it can reduce the side effects caused by ephedrine.The underlying mechanism is mainly associated with attenuating Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance and increasing the level of cAMP.

To investigate the relationship between the expression of early growth response gene 1 (EGR-1) and p38MAPK pathway in the paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells, the effect of p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 on cell apoptosis was examined by using Hoechst 33258 staining. The intracellular Rh123 (Rhodamine 123) accumulation was detected by the flow cytometry (FCM). The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of paclitaxel for A2780/Taxol cells was determined by MTT method. Electrophoretic motility shift assay (EMSA) was employed to examine the EGR-1DNA binding activity. MDR1 and EGR-1 mRNA were assessed by RT-PCR. The expressed of p-gp, phosphorylated p53 and p38 were detected by Western blotting. SB203580 could remarkably promote the apoptosis of A2780/Taxol cells, and the cell apoptosis was in a time-dependent manner. Cellular Rh123 accumulation was increased, and the IC50 of paclitaxel for A2780/Taxol cells was decreased significantly. A2780/Taxol cell line after SB203580 treatment was shown to have a significantly higher level of EGR-1 DNA binding activity. SB203580 down-regulated the activity of p38MAPK pathway, but up-regulated EGR-1 expression. SB203580 significantly increased the level of cellular phosphorylated p53 protein, but decreased the p-gp protein level and MDR1 mRNA level in A2780/Taxol cells. There existed a close relationship between p38MAPK pathway and the paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells. The expression of EGR-1 mediated by p38MAPK pathway plays a critical role in paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells.

Objective To confirm whether miR-216a suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by targeting PKCα, thus to reveal molecular mechanism that miR-216a functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer .Methods PKCα3′untranslat-ed region(UTR)-luciferase vector was constructed and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to examine the effect of miR-216a on luciferase activity .MGC-803 cells were transfected with miR-216a mimics ,and next Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of PKCαprotein .The effects of PKCαdownregulation on cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed after PKCαsiRNA were transfected into MGC-803 cells .MGC-803 cell proliferation assays were performed when cotransfected with miR-216a mimics .Results The result demonstrated miR-216a could bind to the 3′UTR of PKCαand inhibited the luciferase activi-ty ,cut the 41% .PKCαprotein expressions were significantly down-regulated when miR-216a was overexpressed in MGC-803 .siR-NA-mediated downregulation of PKCα could suppress the potentials of cell proliferation and induce apoptosis .Conclusion miR-216a suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting PKCαmRNA 3′UTR in gastric cancer .

Objective To investigate the changes of microarchitecture and gene expression of subchondral bone in the initial stage of traumatic arthritis ,to explore the characteristics of subchondral bone remodeling and its role in the articular cartilage de‐generation .Methods The medial meniscal tear (MMT) was performed on the right knees of 13 SD rats to simulate the traumatic osteoarthritis ,while sham operation on the control group .Three weeks later ,all the rats were executed and dissected ,with proximal tibiae being kept and distributed into the two groups ,10 respectively .Micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) was adopted to re‐construct and analyze the subchondral bone .After being fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde ,all the samples were decalcified until six weeks passed ,followed by paraffin‐sectioning ,safranin O and fast green staining ,and examining and photographing under an ordina‐ry optical microscope .The RNA of another 3 SD rats′subchondral bone was extracted ,and a real‐time PCR test was carried out to illuminate the expression variation of bone‐formation marker genes (ALP ,RUNX2 ,and OCN) ,and bone‐resorption marker genes (TRAP ,CTSK and MMP9) ,between the two groups .Results Three weeks after MMT surgery ,subchondral bone disorders were observed among the experimental samples through micro‐CT scanning .There was lesser BV/TV ,Conn .D and Tb .Th(P<0 .05) and more Tb .Sp(P<0 .05) in the experimental group compared with the control group .In the pathological section ,arthritic degen‐eration was not spotted in both groups ,but trabeculae of the experimental group were found to be sparse .Compared with control group ,the level of mRNA expression of the bone‐formation marker genes of the experimental group was decreased(P<0 .05) ,while bone‐resorption related genes increased(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The model of initial traumatic osteoarthritis induced by MMT in rats′knees showed an active bone remodeling ,more bone absorbing than bone formation ,lowered bone volume ,and microarchitec‐ture changing of the subchondral bone .

BACKGROUND: The effect of Chinese traditional medicine 3'-meisoindigo as well as indimbin derivatives on normal immunocytes is less reported while it is used for antitumor.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 3'-meisoindigo on the proliferation of the splenocytes and thymocytes of C56BL/6 mouse.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized cytopathology observation was performed between August 2007 and January 2008 at Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.MATERIALS: C57BL/6 mice, clean, male, 6-8 weeks old, weighing (20±2) g.METHODS: The thymus gland and the spleen of C57BL/6 mice were ground to get the single-cell suspension and cells were treated by 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 μ mol/L 3'-meisoindigo,respectively. Cells without any drug treatment were used as blank control and cells treated by concanavalin A were used as positive control.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes detected using MTT method; IL-12 activity in culture supematant detected using ELISA method; the cell cycle, apoptosis rate, cell death rate and intracellular reactive oxygen species level detected using flow cytometry; the mRNA level of bcl-2 and cdk2 detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; the expression rate of Bcl-2, CDK2 and Bax detected using fluorescence microscope.RESULTS: After treating for 24 hours, 15, 20 and 25 μ mol/L 3'-meisoindigo can significantly inhibit the proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes (P < 0.05) and the inhibition was dose-dependent and time-dependent. Cells resumed proliferation after removing the 3'-meisoindigo, although they had been treated by 25 μ mol/L 3'-meisoindigo for 72 hours. The secretion of IL-12 was markedly reduced in all 3'-meisoindigo groups versus control groups at each time point (P < 0.05). 15 μ mol/L 3'-meisoindigo could decrease the mRNA expression level of apoptosis-related protein bcl-2 and cyclin cdk2 gene, decrease the expression level of BCL-2 protein and CDK protein, increase Bax expression level, decrease Bcl-2/Bax ratio markedly and started apoptosis.15 μ mol/L 3'-meisoindigo arrested cells in the G2/M stage of the thymocytes and splenocytes, and intracellular reactive oxygen species level elevated dose-dependently and time-dependently.CONCLUSION: In certain concentration range, 3'-meisoindigo can reversibly inhibit the proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes of C57BL/6 mouse and can inhibit IL-12 secretion in parallel, and start apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the response of cryopreserved ovarian tissue after autologous implantation in mouse stimulated with gonadotrophin.Methods Thirty six female mice were randomly divided into three groups,with 12 mice in each group.In group of fresh ovarian tissue,fresh ovarian tissue was implanted into kidney capsule of mice:in group of cryopreserved ovarian tissue,ovarian tissue was implanted into kidney capsule of mice after cryopreserved by vitrification for two weeks.We investigated the response of ovarian tissue two weeks later after autologous implantation stimulated with gonadotrophin.Immunohistochemistry staining method was used to observe the expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor.Results Before and after stimularian with gonadotrophin,the mature follicle rate of group of fresh ovarian tissue was 2.3%and 4.2%.that of group of cryopreserved ovarian tissue was 2.3%and 4.0%,and that of group of control was 2.6%and 5.8%.Regarding the percentages of mature follicle.there were significant differences after stimulation with gonadotrophin(P＜0.05).After stimulating with gonadotrophin the percentages of mature follicle were the same in the fresh tissue group,cryopreserved tissue group and control group(P＞0.05).The integrated optical density of follicle stimulating hormone receptor of fresh ovarian tissue in antrofollicle and pre-antrofollicle were 9408±2777 and 4531±1903.that of cryopreserved ovarian tissue were 9175±3093 and 4808±1386.and that of the control ovarian tissue were 8838±2064and 5516±1136 respectively.There was no significant difference between any two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The follicle stimulating hormone receptor is preserved by cryopreservation and transplantation,small pieces of ovarian tissue response to gonadotropin stimulation is normal.