A growing body of research points out that gut microbiota plays a key role in tumor immunotherapy. By optimizing the composition of intestinal microbiota, it is possible to effectively improve immunotherapy resistance and enhance its therapeutic effect. This article comprehensively analyzes the mechanism of intestinal microbiota influencing tumor immunotherapy resistance, expounds the current strategies for targeted regulation of intestinal microbiota, such as traditional Chinese medicine and plant components, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics and dietary therapy, and explores the potential mechanisms of these strategies to improve patients' resistance to tumor immunotherapy. At the same time, the article also briefly discusses the prospects and challenges of targeting intestinal microbiota to improve tumor immunotherapy resistance, which provides a reference for related research to help the strategy research of reversing tumor immunotherapy resistance.

Compounds isolated from Epimedium include the total flavonoids of Epimedium , icariin, and its metabolites (icaritin, icariside I, and icariside II), which have similar molecular structures. Modern pharmacological research and clinical practice have proved that Epimedium and its active components have a wide range of pharmacological effects, especially in improving sexual function, hormone regulation, anti-osteoporosis, immune function regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-tumor activity. To date, we still need a comprehensive source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of Epimedium and its bioactive compounds on the male reproductive system. However, their actions in other tissues have been reviewed in recent years. This review critically focuses on the Epimedium , its bioactive compounds, and the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that modulate vital pathways associated with the male reproductive system. Such intrinsic knowledge will significantly further studies on the Epimedium and its bioactive compounds that protect the male reproductive system and provide some guidances for clinical treatment of related male reproductive disorders.
Male ; Epimedium/chemistry* ; Humans ; Genitalia, Male/drug effects* ; Flavonoids/therapeutic use* ; Animals

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between the polygenic risks for various psychiatric disorders and clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, 285 children with ADHD and 107 healthy controls were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for parents, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition, and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Blood samples were collected for genetic data. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for various psychiatric disorders were calculated using the PRSice-2 software. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy controls, the children with ADHD displayed significantly higher PRSs for ADHD, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (P<0.05). In terms of daily-life executive function, ADHD-related PRS was significantly correlated with the working memory factor; panic disorder-related PRS was significantly correlated with the initiation factor; bipolar disorder-related PRS was significantly correlated with the shift factor; schizophrenia-related PRS was significantly correlated with the inhibition, emotional control, initiation, working memory, planning, organization, and monitoring factors (P<0.05). The PRS related to anxiety disorders was negatively correlated with total IQ and processing speed index (P<0.05). The PRS related to obsessive-compulsive disorder was negatively correlated with the processing speed index and positively correlated with the stop-signal reaction time index of the stop-signal task (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS PRSs for various psychiatric disorders are closely correlated with the behavioral and cognitive characteristics in children with ADHD, which provides more insights into the heterogeneity of ADHD.
Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics* ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Adolescent ; Mental Disorders/etiology* ; Executive Function ; Genetic Risk Score

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness,safety and economy of the clinical application of levetiracetam(LEV)concentrated solution for injection generic drug and the original drug in the national centralized volume-based procurement.Methods The information of inpatients using original LEV concentrated solution for injection in the Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University(original drug group)and inpatients using generic LEV concentrated solution for injection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College(generic drug group)was retrospectively analyzed after the implementation of the procurement policy(from November 2021 to March 2022).To compare the effectiveness,safety and economy of the two in the prevention and treatment of epilepsy.Results In the original drug group and the generic drug group,18 and 17 patients were enrolled in the treatment of epilepsy respectively,the effective rates were 50.00％and 58.82％,the incidence of adverse reactions were both 0％,and the median daily cost was 255.00(255.00,510.00)yuan and 131.78(131.78,131.78)yuan.After propensity score matching,both the original drug group and the generic drug group had 76 patients each received preventive medication,the effective rates were 97.37％and 100％(P＞0.05),and the incidence of adverse reactions were both 0％.The median daily fee for the original the generic drug group was 170.00(170.00,170.00)yuan and 131.78(131.78,131.78)yuan,there were significant difference(P＜0.01).Conclusion The clinical effect of generic and original LEV concentrated solution for injection in preventing epilepsy is basically the same,the clinical safety are equivalent,the generic has better economy than the original.The effective rate of the treatment of epilepsy is similar,while the sample size needs to be further expanded to verify the results.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on the motor function and mitochondrial dynamics of skeletal muscle of SAMP8 mice;To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture in improving the motor dysfunction of Alzheimer disease(AD)from the perspective of mitochondrial dynamics.Methods Totally 18 SAMP8 mice were divided into model group and electroacupuncture group,with 9 mice in each group,and the SAMR1 mice with the same age were set as control group."Baihui","Dazhui"and"Shenshu"were selected in the electroacupuncture group,and electroacupuncture was performed daily for 20 min,8 d as a course of treatment.Each course of treatment was separated by 2 d,for a total of 3 courses of treatment.The model group and the control group were not intervened.The motor function of mice was tested by grip strength test,suspension test,hind limb extension test and Morris water maze experiment.The morphology and structure of gastrocnemius were observed by HE staining,ATP content in gastrocnemius was determined by colorimetry,the mRNA expression of optic atrophy 1(OPA1),mitofusin 2(MFN2)and dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)in gastrocnemius were detected by real-time quantitative PCR,the expressions of OPA1,MFN2 and DRP1 in gastrocnemius were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the grip strength,the score in suspension test,and the average speed and maximum speed of Morris water maze experiment of mice in model group significantly decreased(P<0.01);the arrangement of fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue was disordered,the gaps become wider,and the distribution of nuclei was uneven;the ATP content in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue was significantly decreased(P<0.01),the mRNA and protein expressions of OPA1 and MFN2 were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the expression of DRP1 mRNA and protein significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the grip strength,the score in suspension test,and the average speed and maximum speed of Morris water maze experiment in electroacupuncture group significantly increased(P<0.01);the arrangement of gastrocnemius muscle tissue was relatively neat,the gaps become narrower,and the distribution of nuclei was more uniform;the ATP content in gastrocnemius muscle tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),while the mRNA and protein expressions of OPA1 and MFN2 significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the expression of DRP1 mRNA and protein significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can improve the skeletal muscle morphological structure and motor dysfunction of SAMP8 mice,and the mechanism may be related to the correction of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamic imbalance and the increase of skeletal muscle ATP content.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Objective To explore the current status of H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City,analyze its influencing factors,and provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of H.pylori infection.Methods A total of 677 residents from four districts of Sanya City were selected by overall stratified random sampling method,and were subjected to urea 14C breath test and questionnaire survey to calculate the positive rate of H.pylori in the natural population and analyze the influencing factors of H.pylori infection.Results A total of 606 residents were included,and the number of H.pylori positive detections was 261,with a positive detection rate of 38.5％.Among them,different ethnicity,marital status,smoking,eating vegetables and fruits,and literacy level were associated with H.pylori infection(P＜0.05);gender,age,BMI,alcohol consumption,drinking water source,betel quid chewing,and the number of cohabitants were not significantly associated with H.pylori infection(P＞0.05).Family infection was an independent risk factor for H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City,and Li ethnicity,frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables,and college and higher education level were independent protective factors for H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City.Conclusion The rate of H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City is lower than the national average.Consuming more fruits and vegetables and improving the awareness of hygiene protection are conducive to the prevention of H.pylori infection;and the promotion of the family and related members with the same examination and treatment is important to avoid aggregation of infection within the family.

Objective To compare early clinical and imaging results of domestic HURWA and imported Brainlab Knee3 surgical robot-assisted knee replacement.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 93 patients with knee os-teoarthritis(KOA)who underwent robot-assisted descending total knee arthroplasty(TKA)from January 2021 to July 2023,and they were divided into BRATKA group and HRATKA group according to use of robotic system.There were 40 patients in BRATKA group,including 16 males and 24 females,aged from 55 to 90 years old with an average of(64.3±7.0)years old;27 patients with grade Ⅲ and 13 patients with grade Ⅳ according to Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L);18 patients on the right side and 22 patients on the left side;the courses of disease ranged from 1 to 30 years with an average of(15.3±7.6)years;imported Brainlab Knee3 surgical robot assisted system was adopted.There were 53 patients in HRATKA group,including 18 males and 35 females,aged from 52 to 81 years old with an average of(64.4±8.5)years old;30 patients with grade Ⅲ and 23 patients with grade Ⅳ;21 patients on the right side and 32 patients on the left side;the courses of disease ranged from 1 to 32 years with an average of(16.4±7.9)years;HURWA surgical robot assisted system was adopted.Operation time,perioperative total blood loss,incision length and postoperative complications were compared between two groups.Deviation angle of hip-knee-an-kle angle(HKAA)before operation and on the first day after operation was compared between two groups.Later tibal compo-nent(LTC),frontal femoral component(FFC),later femoral component(LFC)and frontal tibal component(FTC)at 1 day af-ter on the first day after operation was compared between two groups.Knee Society score(KSS),visual analogue scale(VAS)and range of motion(ROM)of knee joint were compared between two groups before operation and on the 3rd and 90th day af-ter operation.Results Both groups were followed up for 11 to 18 months with an average of(14.4±2.1)months,and the wounds of all patients healed well.Operation time and incision length of BRATKA group were(132.1±34.6)min and(12.9±1.9)cm,while(94.1±10.8)min and(14.8±2.1)cm in HRATKA group,respectively,and the differences between two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were no significant difference in perioperative total blood loss and preoperative deviation angle of HKAA between two groups(P＞0.05).Deviation angle of HKAA,FFC angle and LFC angle in BRATKA group were(1.90±0.91)°,(87.90±1.51)°and(9.00±3.2)°,respectively;while(0.93±1.04)°,(89.03±0.96)° and(7.63±0.59)° in HRATKA group,respectively,and the differences between two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were no significant dif-ferences in FTC and LTC between two groups(P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in VAS of knee rest and exercise,KSS score and ROM of knee joint between two groups before operation and 3 days and 90 days after operation(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in complications between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Postoperative imaging of two robot systems showed good lower limb force line.The domestic HRATKA group had better LFC,FFC angle and HKA deviation angle than the imported BRATKA group,but there were no significant difference in postoperative knee function and pain relief.

The aim of this study was to clarify the genetic diversity and population history of Ixodes persulcatus in some ar-eas of Inner Mongolia in order to provide accurate data for effective vector control programs and reveal the transmission mecha-nism.Samples were collected in 10 areas of Inner Mongolia during the active tick season(April 2021-July 2023)using the flag-dragging and manual sampling methods.The 16S rRNA and COI gene were sequenced to clarify genetic diversity of I.per-sulcatus.The positivity rates for the COI gene and 16S rRNA were 90.00％and 98.33％respectively.Overall,18 and 15 haplotypes were identified for the COI gene and 16S rRNA,respectively,with a total haplotype diversity＞0.762 and total nucleotide diversity＜0.005.The Tajima's values and Fu's Fs were negative for significance.A nucleotide mismatch map was shown as a single peak.The genetic differentiation index FST of the population indicates a small degree of genetic differ-entiation of the population,while analysis of molecular vari-ance indicates that the variation within populations was greater than between populations.Phylogenetic tree and haplotype network plots showed confounding distributions between hap-lotypes.I.persulcatus from the Hinggan League and Hulun-buir regions can adapt to environmental changes and possess abundant genetic diversity.Genetic differentiation is mainly concentrated within the population and no geographical isolation was observed.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on the motor function and expressions of Irisin,Decorin and Myostatin in skeletal muscle of SAMP8 mice;To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture in the treatment of the motor dysfunction of Alzheimer disease(AD).Methods Totally 247-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into model group and electroacupuncture group,with 12 mice in each group,and the 12 male SAMR1 mice with the same age were set as the control group."Baihui","Dazhui"and"Shenshu"were selected in the electroacupuncture group,once a day,8 days as one course of treatment,with an interval of 2 days,for a total of 3 courses.The control group and the model group were not intervened.The motor function of mice was tested by grip strength test,pole climbing test and open field test,the mRNA expressions of Irisin,Decorin and Myostatin in quadriceps muscle were detected by RT-qPCR,and the protein expressions of Irisin,Decorin and Myostatin in quadriceps muscle were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the grip peak and duration of the mice in the model group decreased,head turning time and pole climbing time were prolonged(P<0.01),the mRNA and protein expressions of Irisin and Decorin decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expressions of Myostatin mRNA and protein increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the grip peak and duration of the mice in the electroacupuncture group increased,head turning time and pole climbing time were decreased(P<0.05),the mRNA and protein expressions of Irisin and Decorin increased(P<0.05),and the expressions of Myostatin mRNA and protein decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can improve the motor dysfunction of SAMP8 mice,and its mechanism may be related to regulating the expressions of Irisin,Decorin and Myostatin in skeletal muscle.